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Investigating Factors that Influence the Adoption of Renewable Energy technology in Kitengela, Kenya

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Investigating Factors That Influence the Adoption of Renewab...

作者： SOLONKA karen LASOI 华南理工大学

学位级别：硕士

Access to power is widely believed to be a key component to set economic gears in motion within developing *** the persistent low rural electrification rates and the urgent need to increase the generating capacity in Kenya,the diffusion of renewable energy technologies has been given high priority by the government as means to contribute to solve these energy-related *** objective of this study was to investigate how sociodemographic factors influences the people of Kitengela to adopt renewable energy,to determine the level of knowledge and awareness of renewable energy by the people in Kitengela,to investigate the key factors that influence the adoption of renewable energy technology in Kitengela,to determine how subjective norm influences people‘s attitudes and acceptance of renewable energy technology in Kitengela and to investigate how availability of substitute influences adoption of renewable *** determining the main factors that influence the adoption of renewable energy source,40% of the respondents attributed the influence to the cost,16% demographic factors,12% knowledge and awareness and 10% subjective norm,9% of the respondents attributed the influence to the individual‘s acceptance of technology,5% of the respondents attributed the influence to availability of an alternative,*** respondents who did opted not to install solar systems in their homes because they already had electricity from the grid,others adopted renewable energy because they did not have electricity in their homes.5% of the respondents attributed the influence to their perception of how useful they thought renewable energy was,and 3% attributed their influence to their perception of how easy they thought it was to use and maintain renewable *** is the indication that,the cost of renewable energy sources is a key factor that influences its adoption.

关键词：肯尼亚可再生能源太阳能系统

Bio/hydrochar Sorbents for Environmental Remediation

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2020年第4期3卷 453-468页

作者： Xingguang Zhang Yang Wang Junmeng Cai karen Wilson Adam F.Lee College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Department of Chemistry School of ScienceUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Biomass Energy Engineering Research Center School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Science RMIT UniversityMelbourne VIC 3000Australia

A rising global population and aspirational higher living standards has driven a step change in resource utilization and concomitant anthropogenic pollution across the ***-cost and scalable technologies for environmental remediation are therefore urgently sought,with an emphasis on trash-to-treasure strategies that exploit abundant but underutilized waste by-products of existing *** are carbon-rich,porous solids produced by biomass pyrolysis under anaerobic or oxygen-scarce conditions at high temperature(350–700°C),while hydrochars are produced by hydrothermal biomass carbonization at lower temperature(130–250°C)and high autogenous pressures(0.3–4.0 MPa).Bio/hydrochars possess unique physicochemical properties,notably high surface areas(100–1500 m2 g-1)and porosity(0.25–2.5 cm^(3)g^(-1))and rich surface chemistry featuring carboxylic,phenolic,hydroxyl,and carbonyl functions,amenable to chemical,physical,or biochemical modification,rendering them ideal sorbents for pollutants such as heavy metals(*** and Cr),and toxic organic(e.g.,dyes and xenobiotics)and inorganic(e.g.,SO_(2))***/hydrochars are attractive for environmental remediation of pollutant mixtures by surface complexation,redox chemistry,electrostatic interactions/ion exchange,or *** review discusses recent opportunities and challenges in creating bio/hydrochar sorbents and their nanocomposites through grafting,doping,and chemical/physical activation,for the depollution of aquatic and atmospheric environments.

关键词： adsorption biochar environmental remediation hydrochar

Spatial, temporal and Genetic Dynamics Characteristics of Influenza B Viruses in China, 1973–2018

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Virologica Sinica 2020年第1期35卷 14-20页

作者： Xiaowen Li karen Kie Yan Chan Bo Xu Ming Lu Bing Xu Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System Institute of Geographical Science and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Center for Healthy Cities Institute for China Sustainable UrbanizationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Annual influenza B virus epidemics and outbreaks cause severe influenza diseases in humans and pose a threat to public health. China is an important epidemic area of influenza B viruses. However, the spatial, temporal transmission pathways and the demography history of influenza B viruses in China remain unknown. We collected the haemagglutinin gene sequences sampled of influenza B virus in China between 1973 and 2018. A Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo phylogeographic discrete approach was used to infer the spatial and temporal phylodynamics of influenza B virus. the Bayesian phylogeographic analysis of influenza B viruses showed that the North subtropical and South subtropical zones are the origins of the Victoria and Yamagata lineage viruses, respectively. Furthermore, the South temperate and North subtropical zones acted as transition nodes in the Victoria lineage virus dispersion network and that the North subtropical and Mid subtropical zones acted as transition nodes in the Yamagata lineage virus dispersion network. Our findings contribute to the knowledge regarding the spatial and temporal patterns of influenza B virus outbreaks in China.

关键词： Influenza B viruses Effective population size Phylogeographic Spatial dispersion Mainland China

trace element geochemistry and stable isotopic(δ^(13)C andδ^(15)N)records of the Paleocene coals,Salt Range,Punjab,Pakistan

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International Journal of Mining Science and technology 2022年第3期32卷 551-561页

作者： Noshin Masood tehseen Zafar karen A.Hudson-Edwards Hafiz U.Rehman Abida Farooqi Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory Department of Environmental SciencesFaculty of Biological SciencesQuaid-i-Azam UniversityPO 45320Pakistan Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China Institute of Geology University of the PunjabLahore 54590Pakistan Environment&Sustainability Institute and Camborne School of Mines University of ExeterTR109EZUK Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering Kagoshima UniversityKagoshima 890-0065Japan

the Paleocene coals of the Salt Range in the Punjab Province of Pakistan have great economic potential;however,their trace element and stable isotopic characteristics have not been studied in detail except for a few sporadic *** this study,a total of 59 coal samples of which 14 are obtained from open cast mines have been investigated for elemental composition andδ^(13)C-δ^(15)N isotopic *** contents of trace elements such as Co,Cr,Cu,Pb,Sr,th,U,V,and Zn are 7.4,41.7,11.2,12.5,90.2,4.0,1.9,128,and 31.1 mg/kg,*** values,when compared with the World Coal Clarke values,were relatively higher in low-rank coals in comparison with Clarke values for brown ***,As(20.4 mg/kg),Co(6.6 mg/kg),Cr(22.4 mg/kg),Cu(^(13).3 mg/kg),Pb(19.2 mg/kg),Sr(^(15)4.7 mg/kg),th(2.5 mg/kg),V(47.8 mg/kg),and Zn(75.1 mg/kg)were significantly higher in the sub-bituminous to bituminous coals of the Salt *** analysis,based on X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,revealed that the studied samples contain illite,kaolinite calcite,gypsum,pyrite,and *** affinity with organic and inorganic phases of coals calculated by an indirect statistical approach indicated a positive association of ash content with Ag,Al,Co,Cr,Cs,Cu,Mn,P,Rb,Pb,th,U,and V,suggesting the presence of inorganic components in studied ***,As,Fe,Sr,and Zn exhibit negative correlations that imply their association with the organic ***δ^(13)C andδ^(15)N isotopic range and average−24.94‰to−25.86‰(−25.41‰)and−2.77‰to 3.22‰(0.96‰),respectively,reflecting 3C type modern terrestrial vegetation were common in the palaeomires of studied coal *** addition,the trivial variations of 0.92‰and 0.45‰among^(13)C and^(15)N values can be attributed to water level fluctuations and plant assemblies.

关键词： Coal Salt Range Pakistan Geochemistry trace elements δ^(13)C andδ^(15)N isotopes

De novo serine synthesis regulates chondrocyte proliferation during bone development and repair

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Bone Research 2022年第2期10卷 274-285页

作者： Steve Stegen Shauni Loopmans Ingrid Stockmans karen Moermans Peter Carmeliet Geert Carmeliet Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology Department of Chronic Diseases and MetabolismKU Leuven3000 LeuvenBelgium Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism VIB Center for Cancer Biology3000 LeuvenBelgium Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer InstituteKU Leuven3000 LeuvenBelgium State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China

the majority of the mammalian skeleton is formed through endochondral ossification starting from a cartilaginous *** cells, or chondrocytes, survive, proliferate and synthesize extracellular matrix in an avascular environment, but the metabolic requirements for these anabolic processes are not fully understood. Here, using metabolomics analysis and genetic in vivo models, we show that maintaining intracellular serine homeostasis is essential for chondrocyte function. De novo serine synthesis through phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase(PHGDH)-mediated glucose metabolism generates nucleotides that are necessary for chondrocyte proliferation and long bone growth. On the other hand, dietary serine is less crucial during endochondral bone formation, as serine-starved chondrocytes compensate by inducing PHGDH-mediated serine ***, this metabolic flexibility requires AtF4, a transcriptional regulator of amino acid metabolism and stress *** demonstrate that both serine deprivation and PHGDH inactivation enhance AtF4 signaling to stimulate de novo serine synthesis and serine uptake, respectively, and thereby prevent intracellular serine depletion and chondrocyte dysfunction. A similar metabolic adaptability between serine uptake and de novo synthesis is observed in the cartilage callus during fracture ***, the results of this study reveal a critical role for PHGDH-dependent serine synthesis in maintaining intracellular serine levels under physiological and serine-limited conditions, as adequate serine levels are necessary to support chondrocyte proliferation during endochondral ossification.

关键词： synthesis starting thereby

Anticoagulant modulation of inflammation in severe sepsis

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2015年第2期4卷 105-115页

作者： karen S Allen Eva Sawheny Gary t Kinasewitz Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center

Inflammation and coagulation are so tightly linked that the cytokine storm which accompanies the development of sepsis initiates thrombin activation and the development of an intravascular coagulopathy. this review examines the interaction between the inflammatory and coagulation cascades, as well as the role of endogenous anticoagulants in regulating this interaction and dampening the activity of both pathways. Clinical trials attempting to improve outcomes in patients with severe sepsis by inhibiting thrombin generation with heparin and or endogenous anticoagulants are reviewed. In general, these trials have failed to demonstrate that anticoagulant therapy is associated with improvement in mortality or morbidity. While it is possible that selective patients who are severelyill with a high expected mortality may be shown to benefit from such therapy, at the present time none of these anticoagulants are neither approved nor can they be recommended for the treatment of sepsis.

关键词： Inflammation Protein C Heparin tissue factor pathway inhibitor thrombomodulin Antithrombin Sepsis Coagulation Neutrophil extracellular traps

Concise review on the safety of exercise on symptoms of lymphedema

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2015年第4期6卷 43-44页

作者： Casie Morris karen Y Wonders Department of Exercise Science Sinclair Community College Maple tree Cancer Alliance Dayton OH 45404 United States Department of Kinesiology and Health Wright State University

Lymphedema is an atypical accumulation of high-proteinfluid located just beneath the skin, which often occurs in the arm or leg. Exercising with lymphedema was traditionally considered to be unsafe. However, recent research indicates that exercise may be beneficial to individuals with lymphedema. Studies indicate that exercise can improve the range of motion and strength of the afflicted limb(s), as well as overall fitness and functional quality of life, and can be performed without exacerbating symptoms of lymphedema.

关键词： Quality of life Lymphedema Exercise Breast cancer

Knee salvage procedures: the indications, techniques and outcomes of large osteochondral allografts

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第3期6卷 340-350页

作者： karen Chui Lee Jeys Martyn Snow the Royal Orthopaedic Hospital

the overall incidence of osteochondral defect in the general population is estimated to be 15 to 30 per100000 *** lesions can become symptomatic causing pain,swelling and decreased function of the knee,and may eventually progress to *** the young and active population,partial or total knee arthroplasty(tKA)is rarely the treatment of choice due to risk of early *** allograft transplantation has been demonstrated to be a safe and effective treatment of large osteochondral and chondral defects of the knee in appropriately selected *** treatment reduces pain,improves function and is a viable limb salvage procedure for patients,especially young and active patients for whom tKA is not *** large dowels generated with commercially available equipment or free hand shell allografts can be implanted in more posterior *** recommendations for fresh allografts stored at4C advise implantation within 21-28 d of procurement for optimum chondrocyte viability,following screening and testing *** rates of successful allograft transplantation are observed in younger patients,unipolar lesions,normal or corrected malalignment,and defects that are treated within 12 mo of symptom *** with bipolar lesions,uncorrectable malalignment,advanced osteoarthritis,and those over40 tend to have less favourable outcomes.

关键词： Osteochondral allograft Knee Salvage Shell Dowel

Effect of Family Planning on Women's Lives in China

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China Population today 1999年第3期16卷 10-16页

作者： Gu Baochang Xie Zhenming karen Hardee

***threedecades,sotherearegenerationsofChinesewo***'stotalfertilityrate(tFR)fellfrommorethansixchildreninthe1950stoaroundtwo... 详细信息

***threedecades,sotherearegenerationsofChinesewo***'stotalfertilityrate(tFR)fellfrommorethansixchildreninthe1950stoaroundtwo...

关键词： tFR Effect of Family Planning on Women’s Lives in China