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NOD-like receptors mediated activation of eosinophils interacting with bronchial epithelial cells： a link between innate immunity and allergic asthma

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2013年第4期10卷 317-329页

作者： Churl Kwok Wong Shuiqing Hu karen ming-lam leungt Jie Dong Lan He Yi Jun Chu Ida Miu-Ting Chu Huai-Na Qiu Kelly Yan-Ping Liu ChristopherWai-Kei lam Department of Chemical Pathology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital Hong Kong China Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital Hong Kong China Macao Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health Macao University of Science and Technology Taipa Macao China

Key intracytosolic pattern recognition receptors of innate immunity against bacterial infections are nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain （NOD）-Iike receptors （NLRs）. We elucidated the NOD1 and NOD2-mediated activation of human eosinophils, the principal effector cells for allergic inflammation, upon interacting with human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells in allergic asthma. Eosinophils constitutively expressed NOD1,2 but exhibited nonsignificant responses to release chemokines upon the stimulation by NOD1 ligand 7-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid （iE-DAP） and NOD2 ligand muramyl dipeptide （MDP）. However, iE-DAP and MDP could significantly upregulate cell surface expression of CD18 and intercellular adhesion molecule （ICAM）-I on eosinophils and ICAM-1 on BEAS-2B cells, as well as induce chemokines CCL2 and CXCL8 release in the coculture system （all P〈0.05）. Both eosinophils and BEAS-2B cells were the main source for CXCL8 and CCL2 release in the coculture system upon iE-DAP or MDP stimulation. Direct interaction between eosinophils and BEAS-2B cells is responsible for CCL2 release, and soluble mediators are implicated in CXCL8 release. ERK and NF-KB play regulatory roles for the expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines in coculture. Treatment with NOD1,2 ligand could induce the subepithelial fibrosis and significantly enhance the serum concentration of total IgE, chemokine CCL5 for eosinophils and T helper type 2 （Th2） cells and asthma Th2 cytokine IL-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of ovalbumin-sensitized allergic asthmatic mice （all P〈0.05）. This study provides further evidence of bacterial infection-mediated activation of NOD1,2 in triggering allergic asthma via the activation of eosinophils interacting with bronchial epithelial cells at inflammatory airway.

关键词： allergy bronchial epithelial cells chemokines eosinophils signal transduction

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Occurrence and fate of endogenous steroid hormones,alkylphenol ethoxylates, bisphenol A and phthalates in municipal sewage treatment systems

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第11期29卷 49-58页

作者： Qian Wu James C.W.lam karen Y.Kwok Mirabelle M.P.Tsui Paul K.S.lam State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution (SKLMP) Department of Biology and Chemistry Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity City University of Hong Kong Department of Science and Environmental Studies The Education University of Hong of Kong

Steroid hormones, alkylphenol ethoxylates（APEOs） and phthalic acid esters（PAEs） are emerging endocrine disrupting chemicals（EDCs） that can interfere with the endocrine function in organisms at low concentrations. The occurrence, distribution behavior, removal rate and the fate of 31 target EDCs in sewage treatment plants, which consist of various treatment facilities and receiving water in Hong Kong, were investigated. Estrone,nonylphenol-di-ethoxylate and diethyl phthalate were found to be dominant in each group of influent samples with concentrations ranging from 11–33, 747–3945 and 445–4635 ng/L,respectively. Conversely, progesterone, nonylphenol-mono-ethoxylate and bis（2-ethylhexyl）phthalate were the most abundant in dewatered sludge, with concentrations ranging from 0.9–237, 75–19,743 and 4310–37,016 ng/g（dry weight）. The removal rates of primary sedimentation and disinfection approaches were lower than 30% for most of the chemicals,while those of activated sludge and reverse osmosis were greater than 80% for more than two-thirds of the compounds, noticeably decreasing the estrogenic risk of sewage discharged into the environment. Steroid hormones were removed via biological degradation, while some APEOs and PAEs adsorbed to the sludge. Victoria Harbor poses a low to medium estrogenic risk mainly contributed by estrone and estradiol and deserves attention.

关键词： Endocrine disruptor Steroid hormone Alkylphenol ethoxylate Phthalic acid ester Risk assessment

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Spatial, Temporal and Genetic Dynamics Characteristics of Influenza B Viruses in China, 1973–2018

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Virologica Sinica 2020年第1期35卷 14-20页

作者： Xiaowen Li karen Kie Yan Chan Bo Xu ming Lu Bing Xu Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System Institute of Geographical Science and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Center for Healthy Cities Institute for China Sustainable UrbanizationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Annual influenza B virus epidemics and outbreaks cause severe influenza diseases in humans and pose a threat to public health. China is an important epidemic area of influenza B viruses. However, the spatial, temporal transmission pathways and the demography history of influenza B viruses in China remain unknown. We collected the haemagglutinin gene sequences sampled of influenza B virus in China between 1973 and 2018. A Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo phylogeographic discrete approach was used to infer the spatial and temporal phylodynamics of influenza B virus. The Bayesian phylogeographic analysis of influenza B viruses showed that the North subtropical and South subtropical zones are the origins of the Victoria and Yamagata lineage viruses, respectively. Furthermore, the South temperate and North subtropical zones acted as transition nodes in the Victoria lineage virus dispersion network and that the North subtropical and Mid subtropical zones acted as transition nodes in the Yamagata lineage virus dispersion network. Our findings contribute to the knowledge regarding the spatial and temporal patterns of influenza B virus outbreaks in China.

关键词： Influenza B viruses Effective population size Phylogeographic Spatial dispersion Mainland China

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Somatic growth of lean children:the potential role of sleep

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2014年第3期10卷 245-250页

作者： Yan-Rui Jiang karen Spruyt Wen-Juan Chen Xiao-ming Shen Fan Jiang Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics Shanghai Children's Medical CenterShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina and MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental HealthShanghaiChina

Background:Despite the current obesity pandemic,childhood malnutrition remains an urgent,public health *** to the obesity pandemic,childhood malnutrition is influenced by genetic and a number of social,environmental and biological *** this study,we investigated the association between sleep duration and somatic growth in lean ***:A stratified,randomly clustered sampling design was used to select fifth grade students from 10 primary schools in *** on a body mass index below the 15th percentile a subsample of 143 lean children aged 10-11 years old was defi *** duration and other potential confounders were surveyed through parental or self-report *** measurements were collected and used to calculate the Z score of weight,height,body mass index as well as body fat ***:Compared with children who slept<9 hours,those who slept for≥10 hours grew taller and gained more weight after adjusting for confounding *** children slept 9-10 hours,they had signifi cantly higher Z score of weight and body mass ***:Prolonged sleep not only benefi ts weight gain but also improves height in lean *** findings might provide important public health advice such that prolonged sleep may be an effective modifi er of nutritional problems in childhood.

关键词： height lean children sleep somatic growth weight

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Inhibition of lysine methyltransferase G9a/GLP reinstates long-term synaptic plasticityand synaptic tagging/capture by facilitatingprotein synthesis in the hippocampal CA1area of APP/PS1 mouse model ofAlzheimer’s disease

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2021年第2期10卷 294-296页

作者： Javan Lee Tze Han karen Ka lam Pang Sheila Rui Xia Ang Mahima Sharma Sreedharan Sajikumar Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore Neurobiology Programme Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117456Singapore Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117456Singapore

Histone H3 lysine 9 di-methylation(H3K9me2)is an epigenetic repressive histone modification that was found at aberrant states in Alzheimer’s disease(AD)patient samples[1].The addition of H3K9me2/3 is mainly catalyzed by lysine methyltransferase G9a,which functions as a heteromeric complex with G9a-like protein(GLP).G9a/GLP has other non-histone substrates,including itself.G9a/GLP is implicated in regulating synaptic plasticity,learning and memory[2,3].

关键词： Alzheimer GLP plasticity

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Cichlid fish visual systems: mechanisms of spectral tuning

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第1期4卷 75-86页

作者： karen CARLETON Department of Biology University of MarylandCollege ParkUSA

Hundreds of species of cichlid fishes have evolved in the Great Lakes of *** colorful fishes are known for their ecological ***,we discuss the diversity of their visual *** have seven unique cone opsin genes,which produce visual pigments sensitive from the ultraviolet to the red end of the *** species typically express three visual pigments to produce a trichromatic visual *** species differ in which sets of opsin genes they express,visual sensitivities can differ *** addition to the large visual pigment shifts from changing gene expression,cichlids can also more finely tune visual pigments through altera-tions in opsin amino acid *** of these tuning mechanisms likely play an important role in cichlid ecology and could contribute to the evolution of cichlid diversity through speciation.

关键词： cichlid fish opsin gene vision visual pigments.

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VISUAL PROGRAMming FOR BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING:ENERGY AND SHADING ANALYSIS CASE STUDIES

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Journal of Green Building 2015年第4期10卷 28-43页

作者： karen Kensek University of Southern California School of ArchitectureWatt Hall#204Los AngelesCA 90089-0291

INTRODUCTION Although visual programming is being broadly implemented in other disciplines,it has only relatively recently become an important supplement to three-dimensional modeling programs in the architecture,engineering,and construction ***,Grasshopper in conjunction with Rhino is a leading example of a visual programming environment that is strongly supported by a user community that is developing additional functionality,but Grasshopper does not yet work directly with building information modeling(BIM)*** is relatively new,but shows considerable promise in becoming a constructive tool to complement BIM,3D modeling,and analysis programs because it includes parametric geom-etries and works with Revit,a leading BIM software *** case studies are described:extensibility of Dynamo through the use of a building energy simu-lation package,controlling a virtual model’s response through light level sensors,and interactively updating shading components for a building facade based on solar *** demonstrate that one can work directly within building information models(BIM)using a visual programming language through updating component *** case studies demonstrate the feasibility of a workflow for sustain-able design simulations that is different than that more commonly used--having a separation between design and analysis models and using a neutral file format exchange such as IFC or gbXML to transfer *** visual programming languages are still a bit uncommon in the building industry,a short background is provided to place them within the tool set of other customizable tools that designers have been developing.

关键词： visual programming language VPL building information modeling BIM Dynamo Revit Grasshopper computational design

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Exploring Loss and Damage at the International Climate Change Talks

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2014年第3期5卷 242-246页

作者： karen Elizabeth McNamara School of Geography Planning and Environmental ManagementThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

In recent years, there has been a growing need to address loss and damage as a result of climate change through international processes. At the most recent November 2013 international climate change talks in Warsaw, 194 countries negotiated the best way to establish institutional arrangements for loss and damage under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Such a decision to establish these arrangements was made in 2012 in Doha in a decision known as the‘‘Doha Gateway.’’ While the 19th(2013) Conference of the Parties succeeded in delivering the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage Associated with Climate Change Impacts, there was concern by some negotiators earlier into the conference that this would never transpire given the staunch disagreements between countries and lobbying blocks on a way forward. This article provides a brief historical overview of loss and damage at the climate change talks, and examines the key discourses defining this issue between 2011 and 2013 by analyzing submissions by lobbying blocks and member countries, and final negotiated texts. These discourses revolve around causality and solutions, compensation, and the relationship between loss and damage and adaptation.

关键词： Adaptation Climate change Loss and damage Mitigation United Nations

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Adipokines and prediction of diabetes:from bench to bedside(Abstract)

Adipokines and prediction of diabetes:from bench to bedside(...

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2006年中华医学会糖尿病分会第十次全国糖尿病学术会议

作者： karen SL lam Rosie TT Endocrinology & Metabolism Department of Medicine Universityof Hong Kong

The adipose tissue is now recognised as a major production site of hormones and cytokines which regulate body metabolism and energy homeostasis. There is also increasing evidence suggesting that dysregulation of adipo...

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Application of Image Analysis Based on SEM and Chemical Mapping on PC Mortars under Sulfate Attack

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2014年第3期29卷 534-539页

作者：于诚孙伟 Scrivener karen School of Materials Science and Engineering Southeast University Jiangsu Key Lab of Construction Material Laboratory of Construction Materials Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL)Ecublens 1015 LausanneSwitzerland

The degradation mechanisms of cementitious materials exposed to sulfate solutions have been controversial, despite considerable research. In this paper, two methodologies of image analysis based on scanning electron microscope and chemical mapping are used to analyse Portland cement mortars exposed to sodium sulfate solution. The effects of sulfate concentration in solution and water to cement ratio of mortar, which are considered as the most sensitive factors to sulfate attack, are investigated respectively by comparing the macro expansion with microstructure analysis. It is found that the sulfate concentration in pore solution, expressed as sulfate content in C-S-H, plays a critical role on the supersaturation with respect to ettringite and so on the expansion force generated.

关键词： image analysis mapping sulfate attack pore solution

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