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Intraocular pressure fluctuation and the risk of glaucomatous damage deterioration: a Meta-analysis

International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第1期12卷 123-128页

作者： Zhen-Zhen Guo karen chang Xin Wei Department of Ophthalmology West China Hospital Sichuan University Department of Ophthalmology First Hospital of Xi’an Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry School of Dentistry Taiwan University Schepens Eye Research Institute MEEIHarvard Medical School

AIM: To systematically review whether the increased fluctuation of intraocular pressure(IOP) is a risk factor for open angle glaucoma(OAG) progression. METHODS: Scientific studies relevant to IOP fluctuation and glaucoma progression were retrieved from MEDLINE,EMBASE and CENTRAL databases, and were listed as references in this paper. The hazard ratio(HR) was calculated by using fixed or random-effects models according to the heterogeneity of included studies. RESULTS: Individual data for 2211 eyes of 2637 OAG patients in fourteen prospective studies were included in this Meta-analysis. All studies were longitudinal clinical studies with follow-up period ranging from 3 to 8.5 y. The combined HR was 1.23(95%CI 1.04-1.46, P=0.02) for the association between IOP fluctuation and glaucoma onset or progression with the evidence of heterogeneity(P<0.1).Subgroup analyses with different types of IOP fluctuation were also evaluated. Results indicated that the summary HR was 0.98(95%CI 0.78-1.24) in short-term IOP fluctuation group, which showed no statistical significance with heterogeneity, whereas, the combined HR was 1.43(95%CI1.13-1.82, P=0.003) in long-term IOP fluctuation group without homogeneity. Sensitivity analysis further showed that the pooled HR was 1.10(95%CI 1.03-1.18, P=0.004) for long-term IOP fluctuation and visual function progression with homogeneity among studies(P=0.3). CONCLUSION: Long-term IOP fluctuation can be a risk factor for glaucoma progression based on the presentedevidence. Thus, controlling the swing of IOP is crucial for glaucoma or glaucoma suspecting patients.

关键词： intraocular pressure fluctuation glaucoma visual field progression

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Non-invasive electrical stimulation as a potential treatment for retinal degenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第8期16卷 1558-1559页

作者： karen chang Sam Enayati Kin-Sang Cho Tor P.Utheim Dong Feng Chen Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Medical Biochemistry Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway Department of Ophthalmology Drammen HospitalNorway

More than 38.5 million people are estimated to be affected by blindness worldwide in 2020(Flaxman et al., 2017). Among the diseases that cause visual impairment, refractive errors are typically corrected with glasses and cataract with surgery. The leading causes of irreversible blindness nowadays are usually degenerative diseases related to the retina and its extending optic nerves.

关键词： glasses treatment typically

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Optimal transcorneal electrical stimulation parameters for preserving photoreceptors in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2543-2552页

作者： Sam Enayati karen chang Anton Lennikov Menglu Yang Cherin Lee Ajay Ashok Farris Elzaridi Christina Yen Kasim Gunes Jia Xie Kin-Sang Cho Tor Paaske Utheim Dong Feng Chen Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Institute of clinical medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway Department of Medical Biochemistry Oslo University HospitalUniversity of OsloOsloNorway Department of Ophthalmology Drammen HospitalVestre Viken Hospital TrustDrammenNorway Department of Histology and Embryology School of MedicineMarmara UniversityIstanbulTurkiye

Retinitis pigmentosa is a hereditary retinal disease that affects rod and cone photoreceptors,leading to progressive photoreceptor *** research supports the beneficial effect of electrical stimulation on photoreceptor *** study aims to identify the most effective electrical stimulation parameters and functional advantages of transcorneal electrical stimulation(tcES)in mice affected by inherited retinal ***,the study seeked to analyze the electric field that reaches the retina in both eyes in mice and post-mortem *** this study,we recorded waveforms and voltages directed to the retina during transcorneal electrical stimulation in C57BL/6J mice using an intraocular needle probe with rectangular,sine,and ramp *** investigate the functional effects of electrical stimulation on photoreceptors,we used human retinal explant cultures and rhodopsin knockout(Rho^(-/-))mice,demonstrating progressive photoreceptor degeneration with *** retinal explants isolated from the donors’eyes were then subjected to electrical stimulation and cultured for 48 hours to simulate the neurodegenerative environment in *** density was evaluated by rhodopsin *** vivo Rho^(-/-)mice were subjected to two 5-day series of daily transcorneal electrical stimulation using rectangular and ramp *** function and visual perception of mice were evaluated by electroretinography and optomotor response(OMR),*** was used to assess the morphological and biochemical changes of the photoreceptor and bipolar cells in mouse *** recordings indicated effective delivery of rectangular,sine,and ramp waveforms to the retina by transcorneal electrical stimulation,of which the ramp waveform required the lowest *** of the total conductive resistance of the post-mortem human compared to the mouse eyes indicated higher cornea-to-retina resistance in human *** tem

关键词： bipolar cells electrical stimulation neuroprotection photoreceptor degeneration retina retinal explants retinitis pigmentosa transcorneal electrical stimulation waveform

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Artificial intelligence in Barrett’s esophagus: A renaissance but not a reformation

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Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2020年第2期1卷 28-32页

作者： karen chang Christian S Jackson Kenneth J Vega Department of Internal Medicine University of CaliforniaRiverside School of MedicineRiversideCA 92521United States Gastroenterology Section VA Loma Linda Healthcare SystLoma LindaCA 92357United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineAugusta University-Medical College of GeorgiaAugustaGA 30912United States

Esophageal cancer remains as one of the top ten causes of cancer-related death in the United *** primary risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma is the presence of Barrett’s esophagus(BE).Currently,identification of early dysplasia in BE patients requires an experienced endoscopist performing a diagnostic endoscopy with random 4-quadrant biopsies taken every 1-2 cm using appropriate surveillance ***,there is significant difficulty for endoscopists to distinguish different forms of dysplastic BE as well as early adenocarcinoma due to subtleties in mucosal texture and *** obstacle makes taking multiple random biopsies necessary for appropriate surveillance and *** advances in artificial intelligence(AI)can assist gastroenterologists in identifying areas of likely dysplasia within identified BE and perform targeted biopsies,thus decreasing procedure time,sedation time,and risk to the patient along with maximizing potential biopsy *** using AI represents an exciting frontier in endoscopic medicine,recent studies are limited by selection bias,generalizability,and lack of robustness for universal *** AI can be reliably employed for BE in the future,these issues need to be fully addressed and tested in prospective,randomized *** after that is achieved,will the benefit of AI in those with BE be fully realized.

关键词： Barrett's esophagus Artificial intelligence Machine learning Cognitive neural networks Computer aided diagnosis Endoscopy

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Primary retinal ganglion cells for neuron replacement therapy

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Eye Science 2016年第4期31卷 272-274页

作者： karen chang Kin-Sang Cho Min-Huey Chen Dong Feng Chen Schepens Eye Research Institute Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of Ophthalmology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry School of Dentistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

Optic nerve damage as a result of trauma, ischemia, glaucoma or other forms of optic neuropathy disease, leads to disconnection between the eye and brain and death of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs), causing permanent loss of vision. Therapeutic options for treating optic neuropathy are limited and represent a significant unmet medical need. Development of a regenerative strategy for replacement of lost RGCs lies at the core of the future cell-based therapy for these conditions. Successful long-term restoration of visual function depends on the type of cells for transplantation. Primary RGCs of neonatal mice are now reported to have the potential for serving such a purpose.

关键词：视网膜神经节细胞替代治疗神经元视神经损伤细胞治疗视觉功能青光眼永久性

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Effect of a region-wide incorporation of an algorithm based on the 2012 international consensus guideline on the practice pattern for the management of pancreatic cystic neoplasms in an integrated health system

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2018年第13期6卷 624-631页

作者： Andrew Khoi Nguyen Agathon Girgis Timnit Tekeste karen chang Mopelola Adeyemo Armen Eskandari Emilio Alonso Priyanka Yaramada Charles Chaya Albert Ko Edmund Burke Isaiah Roggow Rebecca Butler Aniket Kawatkar Brian S Lim School of Medicine University of California Department of Gastroenterology Kaiser Permanente Riverside Medical Center Department of Surgery Kaiser Permanente Riverside Medical Center Department of Research and Evaluation Southern California Permanente Medical Group

AIM To examine the practice pattern in Kaiser Permanente Southern California(KPSC), i.e., gastroenterology(GI)/surgery referrals and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS), for pancreatic cystic neoplasms(PCNs) after the regionwide dissemination of the PCN management *** Retrospective review was performed; patients with PCN diagnosis given between April 2012 and April 2015(18 mo before and after the publication of the algorithm) in KPSC(integrated health system with 15 hospitals and 202 medical offices in Southern California) were ***2558(1157 pre-and 1401 post-algorithm) received a new diagnosis of PCN in the study period. There was no difference in the mean cyst size(pre-19.1 mm vs post-18.5 mm, P = 0.119). A smaller percentage of PCNs resulted in EUS after the implementation of the algorithm(pre-45.5% vs post-34.8%, P change in operations for PCNs. Cost of diagnostic care was reduced after the implementation by 24%, 18%, and 36% for EUS, GI, and surgery consultations, respectively, with total cost saving of 24%.CONCLUSION In the current healthcare climate, there is increased need to optimize resource utilization. Dissemination of an algorithm for PCN management in an integrated health system resulted in fewer EUS and GI/surgery referrals, likely by aiding the physicians ordering imaging studies in the decision making for the management of PCNs. This translated to cost saving of 24%, 18%, and 36% for EUS, GI, and surgical consultations, respectively, with total diagnostic cost saving of 24%.

关键词： Pancreatic cyst Algorithm incorporation Pancreas Optimization of resource utilization Fukuoka criteria Sendai criteria Pancreatic cancer Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm Practice management Algorithm

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Modeling and analysis of bio-prinitng process-induced local environment for cells

Modeling and analysis of bio-prinitng process-induced local ...

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中国力学大会——2013

作者： karen chang Yan Kamila Paluch Kalyani Nair Wei Sun Biomanufacturing Engineering Research Laboratory Department of Mechanical EngineeringGraduate School at ShenzhenTsinghua University Department of Mechanical Engineering Drexel University

The aim of this study is to develop a computational model to determine detailed local hydrodynamic environment to which cells are exposed during the printing process and establish a linkage between the microenvironment and cell damage.3D computational models were created for the pressure driven flow system with different nozzle diameters and computational fluid dynamics(CFD) analyses were performed to characterize the local environment that the living cells are experiencing due to

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串联微柱在超临界流体色谱中的应用

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色谱 1992年第3期10卷 155-157页

作者：马熙中 H-C.karen chang L.T.Taylor 北京化工学院应用化学系 Department of Chemistry Virginia Polytechniv Insititute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA

得力于气相和液相色谱的进步,一种新的色谱技术,超临界流体色谱(SFC)异军突起,而各种柱技术又推动了这种技术的发展速度。在SFC中开管柱和填充柱都在使用,且各具特色。但除了单位柱长具有较大的压降、柱子使用长度受到限制外,填充柱显... 详细信息

得力于气相和液相色谱的进步,一种新的色谱技术,超临界流体色谱(SFC)异军突起,而各种柱技术又推动了这种技术的发展速度。在SFC中开管柱和填充柱都在使用,且各具特色。但除了单位柱长具有较大的压降、柱子使用长度受到限制外,填充柱显示出更多的优点。微柱,即填充石英毛细管柱,内径小于1mm。它以弹性石英毛细管作为柱管,管内填充色谱填料。

关键词：串联微柱超临界流体色谱

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Use of microbial fuel cells to monitor current production in Qi-deficient liver cells

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2016年第2期36卷 231-237页

作者： karen Poon Liang Lexin Xu chang Wang Ruihua Program of Food Science and Technology Division of Science and Technology Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College Program of Food Science and Technology Division of Science and Technology Beijing Normal University–Hong Kong Baptist University United International College Department of Chemistry HongKong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR Department of Gastroenterology Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University

OBJECTIVE:To monitor current production in Qi-deficient liver cells,and to study how cellular proton leakage might affect electric current ***:Cells were placed in an microbial fuel cells(MFC)anode and the electric current was ***-affecting chemicals,2,4-dinitrophenol(DNP)and resveratrol(RVT),were used to induce proton leakage in cells and their effect on current production ***-7 breast cancer cells exhibited higher proton leakage relative tonormal liver cells.A mouse model for Qi-deficiency was prepared according to the Methodology of Animal Experiment in Chinese *** Qi-tonics Buzhongyiqi Tang(BZYQT),which is used to treat the Qi-deficiency condition,was applied to Qi-deficient liver cells to examine how current production was ***:Adding either DNP or RVT to normal liver cells increased current ***-7 cells that possessed high proton leakage were also found to produce higher currents than normal liver *** current production,lower cellular glucose content,and lower adenosine triphosphate(ATP)production rate were found in Qi-deficient liver cells,in which the use of DNP or RVT further increased current *** use of BZYQT to treat Qi-deficient liver cells decreased current production,counteracted the action of DNP,and also improved cellular glucose ***:High electric current production was found in liver cells with high cellular proton *** current responses to both mitochondria-affecting chemicals,DNP and RVT,appeared to indicate proper mitochondrial *** high proton leakage detected in Qi-deficient liver cells might have caused high energy losses,which served to explain the observed lower cellular glucose content and ATP production rate than in normal *** results might also explain the exhibited syndromes of low energy and fatigue in Qi-deficient *** leakage,induced by DNP or the Qi-deficient condition,was possibly caused

关键词： Qi deficiency Hepatocytes Bioelectric energy sources Electric current Proton leakage 2 4-Dinitrophenol Resveratrol Oxidative phosphorylation

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The Efficacy of Plant-Based Ionizers in Removing Aerosol for COVID-19 Mitigation

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Research 2021年第1期2021卷 70-80页

作者： Ady Suwardi Chin Chun Ooi Dan Daniel Chee Kiang Ivan Tan Hongying Li Ou Yang Zhong Liang Yuanting karen Tang Jing Yee Chee Anton Sadovoy Shu-Ye Jiang Srinivasan Ramachandran Enyi Ye chang Wei Kang Wun Chet Davy Cheong Keng Hui Lim Xian Jun Loh Institute of Materials Research and Engineering 2 Fusionopolis WayAgency for ScienceTechnology and ResearchSingapore 138634 Institute of High Performance Computing 1 Fusionopolis WayAgency for ScienceTechnology and ResearchSingapore 138632 Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory 1 Research LinkNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117604

Small-sized droplets/aerosol transmission is one of the factors responsible for the spread of COVID-19,in addition to large droplets and surface contamination(fomites).While large droplets and surface contamination can be relatively easier to deal with(i.e.,using mask and proper hygiene measures),aerosol presents a different challenge due to their ability to remain airborne for a long *** calls for mitigation solutions that can rapidly eliminate the airborne ***-COVID-19,air ionizers have been touted as effective tools to eliminate small *** this work,we sought to evaluate the efficacy of a novel plant-based ionizer in eliminating *** was found that factors such as the ion concentration,humidity,and ventilation can drastically affect the efficacy of aerosol *** aerosol removal rate was quantified in terms of ACH(air changes per hour)and CADR-(clean air delivery rate-)equivalent unit,with ACH as high as 12 and CADR as high as 141 ft^(3)/minute being achieved by a plant-based ionizer in a small isolated *** work provides an important and timely guidance on the effective deployment of ionizers in minimizing the risk of COVID-19 spread via airborne aerosol,especially in a poorly-ventilated environment.

关键词： aerosol eliminate sized

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