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Effects of alkaline-electrolyzed and hydrogen-rich water,in a high-fat-diet nonalcoholic fatty liver disease mouse model

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第45期24卷 5095-5108页

作者： karen jackson Noa Dressler Rotem S Ben-Shushan Ari Meerson Tyler W LeBaron Snait Tamir Laboratory of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences MIGAL-Galilee Research InstituteKyriat Shmona 11016Israel Tel Hai College Upper Galilee 12110Israel Center of Experimental Medicine Institute for Heart ResearchSlovak Academy of SciencesBratislava 84005Slovakia Molecular Hydrogen Institute UT 48101United States

AIM To identify the effect of hydrogen-rich water(HRW) and electrolyzed-alkaline water(EAW) on high-fat-induced non-alcoholic fatty acid disease in *** Mice were divided into four groups:(1) Regular diet(RD)/regular water(RW);(2) high-fat diet(HFD)/RW;(3) RD/EAW; and(4) HFD/EAW. Weight and body composition were measured. After twelve weeks, animals were sacrificed, and livers were processed for histology and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. A similar experiment was performed using HRW to determine the influence and importance of molecular hydrogen(H2) in EAW. Finally, we compared the response of hepatocytes isolated from mice drinking HRW or RW to palmitate *** EAW had several properties important to the study:(1) pH = 11;(2) oxidation-reduction potential of-495 mV; and(3) H2 = 0.2 mg/L. However, in contrast to other studies, there were no differences between the groups drinking EAW or RW in either the RD or HFD groups. We hypothesized that the null result was due to low H2 concentrations. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of RW and low and high HRW concentrations(L-HRW = 0.3 mg H2/L and H-HRW = 0.8 mg H2/L, respectively) in mice fed an HFD. Compared to RW and L-HRW, H-HRW resulted in a lower increase in fat mass(46% vs 61%), an increase in lean body mass(42% vs 28%), and a decrease in hepatic lipid accumulation(P < 0.01). Lastly, exposure of hepatocytes isolated from mice drinking H-HRW to palmitate overload demonstrated a protective effect from H2 by reducing hepatocyte lipid accumulation in comparison to mice drinking regular *** H2 is the therapeutic agent in electrolyzed-alkaline water and attenuates HFD-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice.

关键词： Hydrogen-rich-water Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Alkaline water Metabolic syndrome Molecular hydrogen High-fat diet

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A Framework for Disaster Vulnerability in a Small Island in the Southwest Pacific: A Case Study of Emae Island, Vanuatu

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第4期8卷 358-373页

作者： Guy jackson karen McNamara Bradd Witt School of Earth and Environmental Science The University of Queensland

The societal costs of disasters around the world are continuing to increase and Pacific Island countries are considered some of the most vulnerable. This is primarily due to a combination of high hazard exposure coupled with a range of social, economic, physical, and political vulnerabilities. This article contributes to the growing body of work that aims to understand the causal factors of disaster vulnerability, but with a specific focus on small island developing states. The article first develops a framework for understanding disaster vulnerability, drawing on extensive literature and the well-established Methods for the Improvement of Vulnerability in Europe(MOVE)framework, and second, applies this adapted framework using empirically-derived data from fieldwork on Emae Island, Vanuatu to provide a working understanding of the causal elements of disaster vulnerability. Drawn from a significant body of scholarship at the time, the MOVE framework was primarily developed as a heuristic tool in which disaster vulnerability is considered to be a function of exposure, susceptibility(socially, economically, physically, culturally, environmentally, institutionally), and a lack of resilience. We posit that this adapted framework for small islands should also include historical susceptibility,and we prefer livelihood resilience(as capabilities, social capital, knowledge, participation, and human rights) over lack of resilience. We maintain that understanding disaster vulnerability holistically, which is inclusive of both strengths and drawbacks, is crucial to ensure that limited resources can target the causal factors that produce vulnerability and help safeguard and improve livelihoods in both the short and long term.

关键词： Disaster risk reduction Disaster vulnerability Livelihood resilience Small islands Vanuatu

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Land husbandry:an agro-ecological approach to land use and management Part 1:Considerations of landscape conditions

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2014年第3期2卷 22-35页

作者： Francis Shaxson John Alder Timothy jackson Nigel Hunter Tropical Agriculture Association U.K.Corresponding Burngate Peckons HillLudwellWiltshire SP70PNU.K The Old Schoolhouse PolworthGreenlawTD106YRU.K P.O.Box 24803 Karen 00502NairobiKenya

In this,the first of two papers,the roles of key features of any landscape in determining potentials for erosional losses of soil and water are considered from an agro-ecological *** this light,the effectiveness of past commonly-accepted approaches to soil and water conservation are often found to have been *** many cases they have tackled symptoms of land degradation without appreciating fully the background causes,which often relate to inadequate matching of land-use/land-management with features of the landscape.A number of reasons for this mismatch are *** the ecological background to land husbandry(as defined below)will improve the effectiveness of attempts to tackle land *** particular,an ecologically based approach to better land husbandry helps to foresee potential problems in some detail,so that appropriate forward planning can be undertaken to avoid *** paper describes some practical ways of undertaking an appropriate survey of significant landscape features,enabling the definition and mapping of discrete areas of different land-use incapability *** is accompanied by an example of how the outcome was interpreted and used to guide the selection of appropriate areas which were apparently suitable for growing flue-cured tobacco within an area of ca.140 km^(2) in *** process relied on knowledge and experience in various disciplines(interpretation of air-photos,topographic survey,soil survey,vegetation analysis,hydrology,soil&water conservation,geology,agronomy)so as to ensure that the mapping process was based on the principles of better land husbandry.

关键词： Agro-ecology Soil&water conservation Land-use incapability Foresight

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甘蔗SSR和AFLP分子遗传连锁图谱构建

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作物学报 2010年第1期36卷 177-183页

作者：刘新龙毛钧陆鑫马丽 karen Sarah AITKEN Phillip Andrew jackson 蔡青范源洪云南省甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室云南开远661600 云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所云南开远661600 澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织(CSIRO)植物研究中心云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所云南昆明650223

采用甘蔗商业品种Co419与野生种割手密Y75/1/2杂交,获得269个单株,组成F1群体,用F102/356与商业品种ROC25回交获得266个单株,组成BC1群体。利用筛选的多态性条带丰富的36对SSR引物和12对AFLP引物,对两个群体进行PCR扩增和分子遗传连锁分... 详细信息

采用甘蔗商业品种Co419与野生种割手密Y75/1/2杂交,获得269个单株,组成F1群体,用F102/356与商业品种ROC25回交获得266个单株,组成BC1群体。利用筛选的多态性条带丰富的36对SSR引物和12对AFLP引物,对两个群体进行PCR扩增和分子遗传连锁分析,构建甘蔗分子遗传连锁图谱。用F1群体获得630个分离标记,经χ2检测,298个标记为单双剂量标记,占总标记数的47%;用BC1群体获得571个分离标记,有264个标记为单双剂量标记,占总标记数的46%;4个亲本获得单双剂量标记的数量依次为Co419>02/356>Y75/1/2>ROC25。在LOD≥5.0,相邻标记遗传距离≤40cM的条件下,F1群体有134个单双剂量标记被纳入55个连锁群,其中39个连锁群归属8个同源组,16个未列入,总遗传距离为1458.3cM,标记间平均图距为10.9cM;BC1群体有133个单双剂量标记被纳入47个连锁群,其中34个连锁群归属于8个同源组,13个连锁群未列入,总遗传距离为1059.6cM,标记间平均图距为8.0cM。从4个亲本单双剂量标记进入的连锁群数来看,Co419最多,归入34个连锁群,其次为Y75/1/2,归入20个连锁群,第3为02/356和ROC25,归入19个连锁群。研究结果表明,从单双剂量标记比例、形成连锁群数量、总遗传距离来看,F1群体构图质量要优于BC1群体。

关键词：甘蔗遗传连锁图谱 SSR AFLP 群体

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社区矫正对象的吸烟特征

法治湖南与区域治理研究

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法治湖南与区域治理研究 2011年第3期 226-238页

作者： karen L.Cropsey Shannon Jones-Whaley Dorothy O.jackson Galen J.Hale 段敏 Department of Psychiatry University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Psychology University of Alabama at Birmingham 湖南大学法学院

引言当刑事司法服刑人员的吸烟频率比普通人群高出3-4倍时,就没有关于测试社区矫正群体吸烟特征的现有研究成果。在美国,吸烟仍然是导致死亡和疾病的主要原因,每年几乎有

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Artificial intelligence in Barrett’s esophagus: A renaissance but not a reformation

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Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2020年第2期1卷 28-32页

作者： karen Chang Christian S jackson Kenneth J Vega Department of Internal Medicine University of CaliforniaRiverside School of MedicineRiversideCA 92521United States Gastroenterology Section VA Loma Linda Healthcare SystLoma LindaCA 92357United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineAugusta University-Medical College of GeorgiaAugustaGA 30912United States

Esophageal cancer remains as one of the top ten causes of cancer-related death in the United *** primary risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma is the presence of Barrett’s esophagus(BE).Currently,identification of early dysplasia in BE patients requires an experienced endoscopist performing a diagnostic endoscopy with random 4-quadrant biopsies taken every 1-2 cm using appropriate surveillance ***,there is significant difficulty for endoscopists to distinguish different forms of dysplastic BE as well as early adenocarcinoma due to subtleties in mucosal texture and *** obstacle makes taking multiple random biopsies necessary for appropriate surveillance and *** advances in artificial intelligence(AI)can assist gastroenterologists in identifying areas of likely dysplasia within identified BE and perform targeted biopsies,thus decreasing procedure time,sedation time,and risk to the patient along with maximizing potential biopsy *** using AI represents an exciting frontier in endoscopic medicine,recent studies are limited by selection bias,generalizability,and lack of robustness for universal *** AI can be reliably employed for BE in the future,these issues need to be fully addressed and tested in prospective,randomized *** after that is achieved,will the benefit of AI in those with BE be fully realized.

关键词： Barrett's esophagus Artificial intelligence Machine learning Cognitive neural networks Computer aided diagnosis Endoscopy

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Nature：大规模研究揭示生命所必需的基因

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现代生物医学进展 2016年第31期16卷 I0002-I0003页

作者： Dickinson, Mary E. Flenniken, Ann M. Ji, Xiao Teboul, Lydia Wong, Michael D. White, Jacqueline K. Meehan, Terrence F. Weninger, Wolfgang J. Westerberg, Henrik Adissu, Hibret Baker, Candice N. Bower, Lynette Brown, James M. Caddle, L. Brianna Chiani, Francesco Clary, Dave Cleak, James Daly, Mark J. Denegre, James M. Doe, Brendan Dolan, Mary E. Edie, Sarah M. Fuchs, Helmut Gailus-Durner, Valerie Galli, Antonella Gambadoro, Alessia Gallegos, Juan Guo, Shiying Horner, Neil R. Hsu, Chih-Wei Johnson, Sara J. Kalaga, Sowmya Keith, Lance C. Lanoue, Louise Lawson, Thomas N. Lek, Monkol Mark, Manuel Arschall, Susan M. Mason, Jeremy McElwee, Melissa L. Newbigging, Susan Nutter, Lauryl M. J. Peterson, Kevin A. Ramirez-Solis, Ramiro Rowland, Douglas J. Ryder, Edward Samocha, Kaitlin E. Seavitt, John R. Selloum, Mohammed Szoke-Kovacs, Zsombor Tamura, Masaru Trainor, Amanda G. Tudose, Ilinca Wakana, Shigeharu Warren, Jonathan Wendling, Olivia West, David B. Wong, Leeyean Yoshiki, Atsushi MacArthur, Daniel G. Tocchini-Valentini, Glauco P. Gao, Xiang Flicek, Paul Bradley, Allan Skarnes, William C. Justice, Monica J. Parkinson, Helen E. Moore, Mark Wells, Sara Braun, Robert E. Svenson, karen L. de Angelis, Martin Hrabe Herault, Yann Mohun, Tim Mallon, Ann-Marie Henkelman, R. Mark Brown, Steve D. M. Adams, David J. Lloyd, K. C. Kent McKerlie, Colin Beaudet, Arthur L. Bucan, Maja Murray, Stephen A. Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys Houston TX 77030 USA Toronto Ctr Phenogen Toronto ON M5T 3H7 Canada Mt Sinai Hosp Toronto ON M5G 1X5 Canada Univ Penn Perelman Sch Med Genom & Computat Biol Program Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Med Res Council Harwell Mammalian Genet Unit Harwell OX11 0RD Oxon England Mary Lyon Ctr Harwell OX11 0RD Oxon England Hosp Sick Children Mouse Imaging Ctr Toronto ON M5T 3H7 Canada Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst Wellcome Trust Genome Campus Cambridge CB10 1SA England European Bioinformat Inst European Mol Biol Lab Wellcome Trust Genome Campus Cambridge CB10 1SD England Med Univ Vienna Ctr Anat & Cell Biol A-1090 Vienna Austria Hosp Sick Children 555 Univ Ave Toronto ON M5G 1X8 Canada jackson Lab 600 Main St Bar Harbor ME 04609 USA Univ Calif Davis Mouse Biol Program Davis CA 95618 USA Italian Natl Res Council CNR Inst Cell Biol & Neurobiol Monterotondo Mouse Clin I-00015 Monterotondo Italy Massachusetts Gen Hosp Analyt & Translat Genet Unit Boston MA 02114 USA Broad Inst MIT & Harvard Program Med & Populat Genet Cambridge MA 02142 USA German Res Ctr Environm Hlth Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen Inst Expt Genet D-85764 Neuherberg Germany German Mouse Clin D-85764 Neuherberg Germany Baylor Coll Med Dept Mol & Human Genet Houston TX 77030 USA Nanjing Univ Nanjing Biomed Res Inst Collaborat Innovat Ctr Genet & Dev SKL Pharmaceut Biotechnol & Model Anim Res Ctr Nanjing 210061 Jiangsu Peoples R China Univ Strasbourg ICS Infrastruct Natl PHENOMIN F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden France Univ Strasbourg INSERM CNRS IGBMC F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden France RIKEN BioResource Ctr Tsukuba Ibaraki 3050074 Japan Childrens Hosp Oakland Res Inst Oakland CA 94609 USA IMPC San Anselmo CA 94960 USA Tech Univ Munich Sch Life Sci Weihenstephan Chair Expt Genet D-81675 Freising Weihenstephan Germany German Ctr Diabet Res DZD D-85764 Neuherberg Germany Francis Crick Inst Mill Hill Lab Mill Hill London NW1 1AT England Univ Penn Perlman

在哺乳动物基因组中。大约三分之一的基因是生命所必需的。在一项新的研究中，来自美国贝勒医学院等多个机构的研究人员描述了这些基因的大规模发现。以及它将如何影响对哺乳动物发育和人类疾病的理解。相关研究结果在线发表在Nature期... 详细信息

在哺乳动物基因组中。大约三分之一的基因是生命所必需的。在一项新的研究中，来自美国贝勒医学院等多个机构的研究人员描述了这些基因的大规模发现。以及它将如何影响对哺乳动物发育和人类疾病的理解。相关研究结果在线发表在Nature期刊上，论文标题为“High—throughput discovery of novel developmental phenotypes”。

关键词：动物基因组生命哺乳动物研究人员人类疾病医学院

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