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Microfluidic chip enables single-cell measurement for multidrug resistance in triple-negative breast cancer cells

Cancer Drug Resistance 2020年第3期3卷 613-622页

作者： karan parekh Hamideh Sharifi Noghabi Jose Alejandro Lopez Paul Chi Hang Li Department of Molecular Biology&Biochemistry Simon Fraser UniversityBurnaby V5A 1S6Canada. Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser UniversityBurnaby V5A 1S6Canada. School of Environment&Science Griffith UniversityNathanQueensland 4111Australia.

Aims:Triple-negative breast cancer patients are commonly treated with combination ***,outcomes remain substandard with relapses being of a frequent *** the several mechanisms that result in treatment failure,multidrug resistance,which is mediated by ATP-binding cassette proteins,is the most *** of the substantial studies conducted on the heterogeneity of cancer types,only a few assays can distinguish the variability in multidrug resistance activity between individual *** aim to develop a single-cell assay to study ***:This experiment utilized a microfluidic chip to measure the drug accumulation in single breast cancer cells in order to understand the inhibition of drug efflux ***:Selection of single cells,loading of drugs,and fluorescence measurement for intracellular drug accumulation were all conducted on a microfluidic *** a result,measurements of the accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs(e.g.,daunorubicin and paclitaxel)in single cells in the presence and absence of cyclosporine A were *** such as initial drug accumulation,signal saturation time,and fold-increase of drug with and without the presence cyclosporine A were also ***:The results display that drug accumulation in a single-cell greatly enhanced over its same-cell control because of inhibition by cyclosporine ***,this experiment may provide a platform for future liquid biopsy studies to characterize the multidrug resistance activity at a single-cell level.

关键词： MDA-MB-231 cell triple-negative breast cancer microfluidic chip lab-on-chip multidrug resistance single-cell analysis fluorescence measurement

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Effect of transverse compression on the residual tensile strength of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene(Dyneema~? SK-76) yarns

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2020年第1期16卷 35-42页

作者： karan Shah Subramani Sockalingam McNAIR Center for Aerospace Innovation and Research University of South CarolinaSCUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of South CarolinaSCUSA

Ballistic impact induces complex stress states on fiber-based armor *** impact fibers undergo multiaxial loading which includes axial tension,axial compression,transverse compression,and transverse *** co mpression induced by the projectile leads to permanent defo rmation and fibrillation of fibers resulting in degradation of material tensile *** work(Sockalingam et *** Res.J 2018) has shown a reduction of 20% in the tensile strength of Dyneema~? SK76 single fibers subjectet to 77% nominal transverse compressive *** investigation of quasistatic transverse compression on Dyneema~? SK-76 yarns,unconstrained in the lateral direction,indicate an average of 4% reduction in tensile strength of yarns compressed to 77% nominal *** this work we use finite element modeling techniques to understand the difference in residual tensile strength between single fibers and yarns observed in laterally unconstrained transverse compression *** element study of the transverse compression response of single fibers and yarns indicate that local strains developed in fibers within the yarn are much lower than the local strains developed in single fibers subjected to a given nominal strain and may explain the less reduction in strength observed in yarns.

关键词： Polymer fibers Compression Tensile strength

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Spectral and mathematical evaluation of electromyography signals for clinical use

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2016年第6期9卷 263-272页

作者： karan Veer Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Department Thapar University Patiala 174001 India

The surface electromyography （SEMG） is a complicated biomedical signal, generated during voluntary or involuntary muscle activities and these muscle activities are always controlled by the nervous system. In this paper, the processing and analysis of SEMG signals at multiple muscle points for different operations were carried out. Myoelectric signals were detected using designed acquisition setup which consists of an instrumenta- tion amplifier, filter circuit, an amplifier with gain adjustment. Fhrther, Labview^-based data programming code was used to record SEMG signals for independent activities. The whole system consists of bipolar noninvasive electrodes, signal acquisition protocols and signal conditioning at different levels. This work uses recorded SEMG signals generated by biceps and triceps muscles for four different arm activities. Feature extraction was done on the recorded signal for investigating the voluntary muscular contraction relationship for exercising statistic measured index method to evaluate distance between two independent groups by directly addressing the quality of signal in separability class for different arm movements. Thereafter repeated factorial analysis of variance technique was implemented to evaluate the effectiveness of processed signal. From these results, it demonstrates that the proposed method can be used as SEMG feature evaluation index.

关键词： Electromyogram muscle movements ANOVA noninvasive electrode statis-tics upper arm.

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Fresh or aged:Short time anodization of titanium to understand the influence of electrolyte aging on titania nanopores

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第24期119卷 245-256页

作者： Tianqi Guo Saso Ivanovski karan Gulati The University of Queensland School of DentistryHerston QLD 4006Australia

Electrochemical anodization(EA)is a simple and cost-effective technique to fabricate controlled nanostructures on Ti substrates,such as TiO_(2)nanotubes and *** aging of organic EA electrolytes(repeated EA using non-target Ti before EA of target Ti)is recognized to influence the characteristics of the anodized ***,there is limited information about how surface topography and electrolyte aging dictate the formation and characteristics of the anodized *** the current study,short-time EA(starting at 10 s)of micro-machined Ti substrates was performed with electrolytes of various ages(fresh/unused,15 h aged and 30 h aged),followed by evaluation of the TiO_(2)nanopores(TNPs)characteristics in terms of topography,chemistry,stability and protein *** results showed that aligned TNPs were obtained earlier(120 s)with fresh electrolyte as compared to the aged electrolyte EA(600 s).Interestingly,TNPs fabricated using fresh electrolyte(at lower EA times)showed favorable wettability,protein adhesion capacity and mechanical properties compared with aged electrolyte *** findings of the study demonstrate how nanopore formation differs between fresh and aged electrolytes when performing EA of micro-machined Ti,which provides an improved understanding of electrolyte aging and its influence on anodized nanostructures.

关键词： Titanium Titania nanopores Electrochemical anodization Electrolyte aging Surface modification

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Development of prosthetic arm using body actioned SEMG signals

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2016年第6期9卷 58-65页

作者： karan Veer Tanu Sharma Amod Kumar EIED Department Thapar UniversityPatialaIndia CSED Department Global College of EngineeringKhanpur KuiIndia Chief Scientist CSIO-CSIRChandigarhIndia

People's working capability is badly affected when they sufer an amputated *** replacements with prosthetic devices to get a satisfactory level of performance for essential functions with the currently available prosthetic technology are very *** arm prostheses are becoming popular because they are operated by a natural contraction of intact ***,SEMG based artifdal arm was *** system cousists of diferent electronic and mechanical assemblies for operation of hand utilizing microcontroller in order to have minimum signal loss during its *** the hep of relay switching connected to low power DC motor,system is capable of opening and closing of grip according to individual wish.

关键词： SEMG electrodes variable gripping myoelectric controls electronic interface signals processing.

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A neural network-based electromyography motion classifier for upper limb activities

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2016年第6期9卷 77-84页

作者： karan Veer Tanu Sharma Ravinder Agarwal Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Department Thapar University Computer Science Engineering Department GCET Ropar 174001India

The objective of the work is to investigate the classifcation of different movements based on the surface electromyogram(SEMG)pattern recognition *** testing was conducted for four arm movements using several experiments with artificial neural network class fication *** time domain features were extracted and consequently dlassification was implemented using back propagation neural dassifier(BPNC).Further,the realization of projected network was verified using cross validation(CV)process;hence ANOVA algorithm was carried *** of the network is analyzed by considering mean square error(MSE)value.A comparison was performed between the extracted feat ures and back propagation network results reported in the *** concurrent result indicates the significance of proposed network with classification accuracy(CA)of 100%recorded from two channels,while analysis of variance technique helps in investigating the effectiveness of classified sigmal for recognition tasks.

关键词： ANN SEMG arm recognition statistics classification RMS upper arm activities

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Single-step nano-engineering of multiple micro-rough metals via anodization

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Nano Research 2023年第1期16卷 1320-1329页

作者： Divya Chopra Tianqi Guo Sašo Ivanovski karan Gulati The University of Queensland School of DentistryHerston QLD 4006Australia

Anodization is a cost-effective technique to nano-engineer various metals,however,optimizations have been mostly restricted to Al and Ti,and for easy to manage polished and flat substrates,limiting industrial ***,we aim at standardizing and simplifying anodization of ten metals,attempting to make metal nano-engineering more *** a world-first attempt,we synthesize a standard electrolyte to fabricate controlled nanostructures on various metals,taking a close look at the influence of the substrate topography,electrolyte composition,and electrolyte aging(repeated use of same electrolyte)towards designing a standard nano-engineering *** of curved substrates(metal wires)with micro-roughness allows for ease of industrial translation across various *** study is a step closer to standardizing anodization and fabrication of controlled nanotopography on various metallic surfaces,while maintaining scalability and ease of use.

关键词： electrochemical anodization nanopores nanotubes metal metal oxide nanostructures

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Advancing Nitinol: From heat treatment to surface functionalization for nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments in endodontics

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第4期22卷 91-111页

作者： Wai-Sze Chan karan Gulati Ove APeters The University of Queensland School of DentistryHerstonQLD4006Australia

Nickel-titanium(NiTi)alloy has been extensively researched in endodontics,particularly in cleaning and shaping the root canal *** advances have primarily focused on the design,shape,and geometry of the NiTi files as well as metallurgy and mechanical *** far,extensive investigations have been made surrounding surface and thermomechanical treatments,however,limited work has been done in the realm of surface functionalization to augment its performance in *** review summarizes the unique characteristics,current use,and latest developments in thermomechanically treated NiTi endodontic *** discusses recent improvements in nano-engineering and the possibility of customizing the NiTi file surface for added *** clinical translation of this technology has yet to be fully realized,future research direction will lie in the use of nanotechnology.

关键词： Nitinol Endodontics Nickel Titanium Nanostructures

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Plasma Pulse Technology: An uprising EOR technique

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Petroleum Research 2018年第2期3卷 180-188页

作者： karan Patel Manan Shah Anirbid Sircar School of Petroleum Technology Pandit Deendayal Petroleum UniversityGandhinagarGujaratIndia

Conventionally oil recovery factor is too low,which leaves great prospects for the application of enhanced oil recovery(EOR)methods to increase recovery *** methods are capital intensive and few are environmentally *** the paper discusses on the alternate enhanced oil recovery technique which has tremendous potential to curb the challenges of conventional EOR *** pulse technology(PPT)aided EOR treatment is administered with an electric wireline conveyed plasma pulse generator tool that is run in the well and positioned alongside the *** energy stored in the generator's capacitors,a plasma arc is created that emits a tremendous amount of heat and pressure for a fraction of a *** in turn creates a broad band of hydraulic impulse acoustic waves that are powerful enough to clean perforations and near wellbore *** waves continue to resonate deep into the reservoir,exciting the fluid molecules and increasing the reservoirs natural resonance to the degree that it can break larger hydrocarbon molecules to smaller one and simultaneously reducing adhesion tension which results in increased mobility of *** plasma pulse technology has been successfully used on production as well as injection *** has been used often as a remedial procedure to increase well's productivity that has been on production for a period of *** paper throws light on fundamentals of this advancing plasma pulse technology,contrasting it with recent EOR *** of treatment in increasing oil recovery,it's applicability to different reservoir types and results achieved so far are also covered in the paper.

关键词： Enhanced oil recovery Plasma pluse technology Reservoir natural resonance Effective viscosity Oil production Reservoir deliverability and intake

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Two cases of refractory methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus endocarditis responsive to ertapenem

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2023年第11期20卷 829-831页

作者： Abhinav karan Pranitha Chekka Pramod Reddy Department of Internal Medicine University of Florida College of MedicineJacksonvilleUSA

Persistent methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus(MSSA)bacteremia is usually defined as persistent bacteremia despite 7 days of appropriate antibiotic *** nafcillin,cefazolin,or oxacillin are excellent antimicrobial options,persistent MSSA is a commonly encountered phenomenon in clinical practice for which further guidelines on appropriate management are *** we highlight two cases of MSSA bacteremia requiring salvage therapy with ertapenem.

关键词： cases staphylococcus methicillin

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