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Fuzzy Difference Equations in Diagnoses of Glaucoma from Retinal Images Using Deep learning

Computer modeling in Engineering & sciences 2024年第4期139卷 801-816页

作者： D.Dorathy Prema Kavitha l.Francis Raj sandeep Kautish Abdulaziz s.Almazyad karam m.s.l.am Ali Wagdy mohamed Department of mathematics Voorhees CollegeVelloreTamil NaduIndia Chandigarh Group of Colleges JhanjeriMohaliPunjabIndia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia Faculty of science and Technology School of IT and SystemsUniversity of CanberraCanberraAustralia Operations Research Department Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical ResearchCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Applied science Research Center Applied Science Private UniversityAmman11937Jordan

The intuitive fuzzy set has found important application in decision-making and machine *** enrich and utilize the intuitive fuzzy set,this study designed and developed a deep neural network-based glaucoma eye detection using fuzzy difference equations in the domain where the retinal images *** image detections are categorized as normal eye recognition,suspected glaucomatous eye recognition,and glaucomatous eye *** degrees associated with weighted values are calculated to determine the level of concentration between the fuzzy partition and the retinal *** proposed model was used to diagnose glaucoma using retinal images and involved utilizing the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)and deep learning to identify the fuzzy weighted regularization between *** methodology was used to clarify the input images and make them adequate for the process of glaucoma *** objective of this study was to propose a novel approach to the early diagnosis of glaucoma using the Fuzzy Expert system(FEs)and Fuzzy differential equation(FDE).The intensities of the different regions in the images and their respective peak levels were *** the peak regions were identified,the recurrence relationships among those peaks were then *** partitioning was done due to varying degrees of similar and dissimilar concentrations in the *** and dissimilar concentration levels and spatial frequency generated a threshold image from the combined fuzzy matrix and *** distinguished between a normal and abnormal eye condition,thus detecting patients with glaucomatous eyes.

关键词： Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) glaucomatous eyes fuzzy difference equation intuitive fuzzy sets image segmentation retinal images

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metabolic reprogramming by syntenin-1 directs RA Fls and endothelial cell-mediated inflammation and angiogenesis

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2024年第1期21卷 33-46页

作者： Anja meyer stephanie R.Zack Wes Nijim Adel Burgos Vishwa Patel Brian Zanotti michael V.Volin m.Asif amin myles J.lewis Costantino Pitzalis shiva Arami Joseph A.karam Nadera J.sweiss shiva shahrara Jesse Brown VA medical Center ChicagoILUSA Department of medicine Division of RheumatologyThe University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA Department of microbiology and Immunology Midwestern UniversityDowners GroveILUSA Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Centre for Experimental medicine and Rheumatology William Harvey Research InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Centre for Experimental medicine&Rheumatology William Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University of London and Barts NIHR BRC&NHS TrustLondonUK Department of Biomedical sciences Humanitas Universityand Humanitas Research HospitalMilanItaly Department of Orthopedic surgery the University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA

A novel rheumatoid arthritis(RA)synovial fluid protein,syntenin-1,and its receptor,syndecan-1(sDC-1),are colocalized on RA synovial tissue endothelial cells and fibroblast-like synoviocytes(Fls).syntenin-1 exacerbates the inflammatory landscape of endothelial cells and RA Fls by upregulating transcription of IRF1/5/7/9,Il-1β,Il-6,and CCl2 through sDC-1 ligation and HIF1α,or mTOR ***,syntenin-1 orchestrates RA Fls and endothelial cell invasion via sDC-1 and/or mTOR *** syntenin-1 reprogrammed endothelial cells,the dynamic expression of metabolic intermediates coincides with escalated glycolysis along with unchanged oxidative factors,amPK,PGC-1α,citrate,and inactive oxidative ***,RA Fls rewired by syntenin-1 displayed a modest glycolytic-ATP accompanied by a robust mitochondrial-ATP *** enriched mitochondrial-ATP detected in syntenin-1 reprogrammed RA Fls was coupled with mitochondrial fusion and fission recapitulated by escalated mitofusin-2 and DRP1 *** found that VEGFR1/2 and Notch1 networks are responsible for the crosstalk between syntenin-1 rewired endothelial cells and RA Fls,which are also represented in RA *** to RA explants,morphological and transcriptome studies authenticated the importance of VEGFR1/2,Notch1,RAPTOR,and HIF1αpathways in syntenin-1 arthritic mice and their obstruction in sDC-1 deficient ***,dysregulation of sDC-1,mTOR,and HIF1αnegated syntenin-1 inflammatory phenotype in RA explants,while inhibition of HIF1αimpaired synovial angiogenic imprint amplified by *** conclusion,since the current therapies are ineffective on syntenin-1 and sDC-1 expression in RA synovial tissue and blood,targeting this pathway and its interconnected metabolic intermediates may provide a novel therapeutic strategy.

关键词： syntenin-1 syndecan-1 RA Fls RA explants immunometabolism

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PID Controller Optimization by GA and Its Performances on the Electro-hydraulic servo Control system

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2008年第4期21卷 378-384页

作者： karam m. Elbayomy school of Automation science and Electrical Engineering Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

A proportional integral derivative （PID） controller is designed and attached to electro-hydraulic servo actuator system （EHsAs） to control the angular position of the rotary actuator which control the movable surface of space vehicles. The PID gain parameters are optimized by the genetic algorithm （GA）. The controller is verified on the new state-space model of servo-valves attached to the physical rotary actuator by sImUlINK program. The controller and the state-space model are verified experimentally. simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the PID controller adaptive by GA to control the angular position of the rotary actuator as compared with the classical PID controller and the compensator controller.

关键词： PID controller electro-hydraulic servo control system genetic controller GA

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A focus on parietal cells as a renewing cell population

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第5期16卷 538-546页

作者： sherif m karam Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences United Arab Emirates University Al-Ain PO Box 17666 United Arab Emirates

The fact that the acidsecreting parietal cells undergo continuous renewal has been ignored by many gastroenterologists and cell biologists. In the past, it was thought that these cells were static. However, by using 3Hthymidine radioautography in combination with electron microscopy, it was possible to demonstrate that parietal cells belong to a continuously renewing epithelial cell lineage. In the gastric glands, stem cells anchored in the isthmus region are responsible for the production of parietal cells. The stem cells give rise to three main progenitors: prepit, preneck and preparietal cells. Parietal cells develop either directly from the noncycling preparietal cells or less commonly via differentiation of the cycling prepit and preneck cell progenitors. The formation of a parietal cell is a sequential process which involves diminishment of glycocalyx, production of cytoplasmic tubulovesicles, an increase in number and length of microvilli, an increase in number and size of mitochondria, and fi nally, expansion and invagination of the apical membrane with the formation of an intracellular canalicular system. little is known about the genetic counterparts of these morphological events. However, the time dimension of parietal cell production and the consequences of its alteration on the biological features of the gastric gland are well documented. The production of a new parietal cell takes about 2 d. However, mature parietal cells have a long lifespan during which they migrate bidirectionally while their functional activity for acid secretion gradually diminishes. Following an average lifespan of about 54 d, in mice, old parietal cells undergo degeneration and elimination. Various approaches for genetic alteration of the development of parietal cells have provided evidence in support of their role as governors of the stem/progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation programs. Revealing the dynamic features and the various roles of parietal cells would help

关键词： Cell differentiation Cell dynamics Cell renewal Oxyntic gland Oxyntic mucosa Parietal cell Preparietal cell

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mRNA vaccines: Past, present, future

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical sciences 2022年第4期17卷 491-522页

作者： mia karam Georges Daoud Biomedical Engineering Program Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureBeirut 11072020Lebanon Department of Biochemistry and molecular Genetics Faculty of MedicineBeirut 11072020Lebanon Department of Anatomy Cell Biologyand Physiological SciencesFaculty of MedicineAmerican University of BeirutBeirut 11072020Lebanon

mRNA vaccines have emerged as promising alternative platforms to conventional *** ease of production,low cost,safety profile and high potency render them ideal candidates for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases,especially in the midst of *** challenges that face in vitro transcribed RNA were partially amended by addition of tethered adjuvants or co-delivery of naked mRNA with an adjuvanttethered ***,it wasn’t until recently that the progress made in nanotechnology helped enhance mRNA stability and delivery by entrapment in novel delivery systems of which,lipid *** continuous advancement in the fields of nanotechnology and tissue engineering provided novel carriers for mRNA vaccines such as polymeric nanoparticles and *** studies have shown the advantages of adopting mRNA vaccines for viral diseases and cancer in animal and human ***-amplifying mRNA is considered today the next generation of mRNA vaccines and current studies reveal promising *** review provides a comprehensive overview of mRNA vaccines used in past and present studies,and discusses future directions and challenges in advancing this vaccine platform to widespread clinical use.

关键词： mRNA vaccine Virus Cancer Nanoparticles COVID-19

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Approach for Training Quantum Neural Network to Predict severity of COVID-19 in Patients

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Computers, materials & Continua 2021年第2期66卷 1745-1755页

作者： Engy El-shafeiy Aboul Ella Hassanien karam m.s.l.am A.A.Abohany Department of Computer science Faculty of Computers and Artificial IntelligenceUniversity of Sadat CitySadat City32897Egypt Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Cairo University12613Egypt Faculty of Computers and Information Zagazig University44519Egypt Faculty of Computers and Information Kafrelsheikh University33516Egypt

Currently,COVID-19 is spreading all over the world and profoundly impacting people’s lives and economic *** this paper,a novel approach called the COVID-19 Quantum Neural Network(CQNN)for predicting the severity of COVID-19 in patients is *** consists of two phases:In the first,the most distinct subset of features in a dataset is identified using a Quick Reduct Feature selection(QRFs)method to improve its classification performance;and,in the second,machine learning is used to train the quantum neural network to classify the *** is found that patients’serial blood counts(their numbers of lymphocytes from days 1 to 15 after admission to hospital)are associated with relapse rates and evaluations of COVID-19 ***,the severity of COVID-19 is classified in two categories,serious and *** experimental results indicate that the proposed CQNN’s prediction approach outperforms those of other classification algorithms and its high accuracy confirms its effectiveness.

关键词： Predict COVID-19 lymphocytic count quantum neural network dynamic change

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Dysregulation of gastric H,K-ATPase by cigarette smoke extract

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第32期15卷 4016-4022页

作者： muna Hammadi mohamed Adi Rony John Ghalia AK Khoder sherif m karam Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine & Health SciencesUAE UniversityAl-AinPO Box 17666United Arab Emirates

AIm:To test whether the expression and activity of H,K-ATPase in parietal cells would be affected by cigarette smoke ***: Extracts of cigarette smoke were administered into mice by gastric gavage (5 mg/kg body weight/day) for 3 d or in drinking water for 7 or 14 d. For the latter, each day a mouse consumed 5 ml water containing extracts of two cigarettes, on average. Control littermate mice received only vehicle. To compare the amount of H,K-ATPase in control and smoke-treated mice, the stomach was processed for Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis using monoclonal antibodies specific for α- or β-subunits of H,K-ATPase. The p-nitrophenylphospatase activity assay was used as a measurement for K-dependent H,K-ATPase ***: Probed transblots showed an increase in the amount of H,K-ATPase in smoke-treated mice which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and was found to be due to increased amounts of protein per parietal cell rather than an increased parietal cell number. The increase in the amount of H,K-ATPase was associated with an enhancement of its enzymatic activity. K-dependent activity in control and smoke-treated mice was significantly different (respectively, 0.12 μmol/mg vs 0.27 μmol/mg per minute, PlUsION: Administration of cigarette smoke extract is associated with an increase in the amount and activity of H,K-ATPase and hence, smokers are susceptible to development of peptic ulcer.

关键词： Proton pump H,K-ATPase Parietal cell Gastric gland Oxyntic mucosa Cigarette smoke extract smoking

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Ghrelin attenuates gastrointestinal epithelial damage induced by doxorubicin

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第33期17卷 3836-3841页

作者： mohamed A Fahim Hazem Kataya Rkia El-Kharrag Dena am amer Basel al-Ramadi sherif m karam Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUAE UniversityAl AinPO Box 17666United Arab Emirates Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceUAE UniversityAl AinPO Box 17666United Arab Emirates Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUAE UniversityAl AinPO Box 17666United Arab Emirates Department of microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUAE UniversityAl AinPO Box 17666United Arab Emirates

AIm:To examine the influence of ghrelin on the regenerative potential of gastrointestinal(GI)***:Damage to GI epithelium was induced in mice by two intravenous injections of doxorubicin(10 and 6 mg/kg).some of the doxorubicin-treated mice received a continuous subcutaneous infusion of ghrelin(1.25μg/h)for 10 d via implanted mini-osmotic *** label dividing stem cells in the s-phase of the cell cycle,all mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine(BrdU)one hour before *** stomach along with the duodenum were then removed and processed for histological examination and immunohistochemistry using anti-BrdU ***:The results showed dramatic damage to the GI epithelium 3 d after administration of chemotherapy which began to recover by day *** ghrelintreated mice,attenuation of GI mucosal damage was evident in the tissues examined *** analysis showed an increase in the number of BrdUlabeled cells and an alteration in their distribution along the epithelial lining in response to damage by *** mice treated with both doxorubicin and ghrelin,the number of BrdUlabeled cells was reduced when compared with mice treated with doxorubicin ***:The present study suggests that ghrelin enhances the regenerative potential of the GI epithelium in doxorubicintreated mice,at least in part,by modulating cell proliferation.

关键词： Gastrointestinal cell proliferation Gastrointestinal mucosal damage Ghrelin

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A study of the impact of environmental loads that penetrate a passive skylight roofing system in malaysian buildings

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2014年第2期3卷 178-191页

作者： karam m. Al-Obaidi mazran Ismail Abdul malek Abdul Rahman school of Housing Building & Planning Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang 11800 Malaysia

A passive skylight system is a significant building design element that provides an ideal condition for interior spaces. However, the use of this system is limited to specific climatic regions because of its considerable effect on the indoor environment. malaysia is a tropical country that has favorable natural benefits, such as solar geometry and natural light, which can brighten building interiors throughout the year. However, harnessing this benefit affects spaces, especially those in single-story buildings, because of excessive natural loads. This study reviews a concept to understand the passive behavior of solar radiation in the form of light and heat that falls on, interacts with, and is emitted from a skylight system in a single-story building. The study method is theoretically based on descriptive analysis to assess design requirements. The review shows that designs grounded on the physical aspects of climate （influenced variables）, materials （design variables）, and human comfort （affected variables） in one process （EsI） can develop the architectural way of thinking rather than estimate the condition based on a limited perspective. This assumption indicates that the adoption of this concept in the preliminary design stage will enable designers to balance the building environment effectively.

关键词： skylight system Tropics solar radiation light Heat malaysian builtenvironment

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Profiling cellular bioenergetics, glutathione levels, and caspase activities in stomach biopsies of patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第2期21卷 644-652页

作者： Ali s Alfazari Bayan Al-Dabbagh Wafa Al-Dhaheri mazen s Taha Ahmad A Chebli Eva m Fontagnier Zaher Koutoubi Jose Kochiyi sherif m karam Abdul-Kader souid Department of medicine United Arab Emirates UniversityPO Box 17666Al AinUnited Arab Emirates Department of Chemistry College of ScienceUAE UniversityPO Box 15551Al AinUnited Arab Emirates Department of Anatomy United Arab Emirates UniversityPO Box 17666Al AinUnited Arab Emirates Tawam Hospital PO Box 15258Al AinUnited Arab Emirates Department of Pediatrics United Arab Emirates UniversityPO Box 15258Al AinUnited Arab Emirates

AIm: To measure biochemical parameters in stomach biopsies and test their suitability as diagnostic biomarkers for gastritis and precancerous ***: Biopsies were obtained from the stomachs of two groups of patients(n = 40) undergoing fiberoptic endoscopy due to upper gastrointestinal symptoms. In the first group(n = 17), only the corpus region was examined. Biopsies were processed for microscopic examination and measurement of mitochondrial O2 consumption(cellular respiration), cellular adenosine triphosphate(ATP), glutathione(GsH), and caspase activity. In the second group of patients(n = 23), both corpus and antral regions were studied. some biopsies were processed for microscopic examination, while the others were used for measurements of cellular respiration and GsH ***: microscopic examinations of gastric corpus biopsies from 17 patients revealed normal mucosae in 8 patients, superficial gastritis in 7 patients, and chronic atrophic gastritis in 1 patient. In patients with normal histology, the rate(mean ± sD) of cellular respiration was 0.17 ± 0.02 μmol/l O2 min-1 mg-1, ATP content was 487 ± 493 pmol/mg, and GsH was 469 ± 98 pmol/mg. Caspase activity was detected in 3 out of 8 specimens. The values of ATP and caspase activity were highly variable. The presence of superficial gastritis had insignificant effects on the measured biomarkers. In the patient with atrophic gastritis, cellular respiration was high andATP was relatively low, suggesting uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. In the second cohort of patients, the examined biopsies showed either normal or superficial gastritis. The rate of cellular respiration(O2. μmol/l min-1 mg-1) was slightly higher in the corpus than the antrum(0.18 ± 0.05 vs 0.15 ± 0.04, P = 0.019). The value of GsH was about the same in both tissues(310 ± 135 vs 322 ± 155, P = 0.692).CONClUsION: The corpus mucosa was metabolically more active than the antrum tissue. The data in this study will help in understandi

关键词： stomach Gastritis mitochondria Gastric mucosa Cell

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