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Hydrological Modelling of Small Gauged and Ungauged Mountainous Watersheds Using SWAT—A Case of Western Ghats in India

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2021年第7期13卷 455-477页

作者： kapil kumar narula Shilpa Nischal Executive Director CII Triveni Water Institute (Center of Excellence on Water) Confederation of Indian Industry New Delhi India Senior Counsellor CII Triveni Water Institute Confederation of Indian Industry New Delhi India

Mountainous forested watersheds are important hydrologic systems that are responsible for much of the water supply and run-of-the-river hy-dropower schemes in many parts of the world. In India, the Western Ghats are one of such important hydrologic systems located in southern peninsular region. Several of these watersheds are ungauged. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been used to model streamflows for two mountainous forested watersheds, namely, Gurupur (699 km2) (a gauged watershed) and Upper Payaswini (44.6 km2) (an ungauged wa-tershed). Model calibration and validation are performed using monthly and daily streamflow data for the gauged watershed. Sample flow values obtained over a limited period were used for validation of ungauged wa-tershed. Flow duration curves (FDCs) have been derived to assess per-centile flow distributions. Model performance is evaluated using Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (ENS), percent bias (PBIAS), coefficient of de-termination (R2) and comparison of percentile flow values obtained from observed and simulated FDCs. Sensitivity analysis with Latin Hypercube One-factor-At-a-Time (LH-OAT) indicates five soil-land use related pa-rameters namely, soil available water capacity (SOL_AWC), soil evapora-tion compensation factor (ESCO), soil depth (SOL_Z) and layers, groundwater baseflow (ALPHA_BF), and curve number (CN2 (forest & agriculture)), to be sensitive for simulating both gauged and ungauged wet mountainous forested watersheds. Study shows that lateral flows from dynamic sub-surface zones in such watersheds contribute substan-tially to the total water yield.

关键词： SWAT Hydrology Ungauged Mountainous Sensitivity Analysis

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Multi-Objective Optimization of Fused Deposition Modeling for Mechanical Properties of Biopolymer Parts Using the Grey-Taguchi Method

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2023年第1期36卷 51-64页

作者： kapil kumar Hari Singh Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyKurukshetra136119India

The urgent need to develop customized functional products only possible by 3D printing had realized when faced with the unavailability of medical devices like surgical instruments during the coronavirus-19 disease and the ondemand necessity to perform surgery during space *** have recently been the most appropriate option for fabricating surgical instruments via 3D printing in terms of cheaper and faster *** all 3D printing techniques,fused deposition modelling(FDM)is a low-cost and more rapid printing *** article proposes the fabrication of surgical instruments,namely,forceps and hemostat using the fused deposition modeling(FDM)*** mechanical properties are the only indicator to judge the quality of the functional *** mechanical properties of FDM-processed parts depend on various process *** parameters are layer height,infill pattern,top/bottom pattern,number of top/bottom layers,infill density,flow,number of shells,printing temperature,build plate temperature,printing speed,and fan *** strength and modulus of elasticity are chosen as evaluation indexes to ascertain the mechanical properties of polylactic acid(PLA)parts printed by *** experiments have performed through Taguchi’s L27orthogonal array(OA).Variance analysis(ANOVA)ascertains the significance of the process parameters and their percent contributions to the evaluation ***,as a multiobjective optimization technique,grey relational analysis(GRA)obtains an optimal set of FDM process parameters to fabricate the best parts with comprehensive mechanical *** electron microscopy(SEM)examines the types of defects and strong bonding between *** proposed research ensures the successful fabrication of functional surgical tools with substantial ultimate tensile strength(42.6 MPa)and modulus of elasticity(3274 MPa).

关键词： Fused deposition modeling Mechanical properties Taguchi method ANOVA Grey relational analysis SEM

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Synthesis, Characterization of Phosphorus Containing Diamide-diimide-tetraamines Based on L-Tryptophan Amino Acid and Their Effect on Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resins

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2014年第2期32卷 197-208页

作者： Seema Agrawal Anudeep kumar narula GGS Indraprastha University

The curing behavior of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A （DGEBA） with different phosphorus containing diamidediimide-tetraamines （DADITAs） was studied by DSC. Eight DADITAs of varying structures were synthesized by reacting 1 mole of pyromellitic anhydride （PMDA）/3,3＇-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride （BTDA）/1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetraearboxylic dianhydride （NTDA）/4,4＇-oxydiphthalic anhydride （ODPA） with 2 mole of L-tryptophan （T） in a mixture of acetic acid and pyridine （3：2 V/V） followed by activaton with thionyl chloride and then condensation with excess of phosphorus containing triamines tris（3-aminophenyl） phosphine （TAP） and tris（3-aminophenyl） phosphine oxide （TAPO）. DADITAs obtained by reacting PMDA/BTDA/NTDA/ODPA with L-tryptophan followed by condensation with TAP/TAPO were designated as PTAP, PTAPO, BTAP, BTAPO, NTAP, NTAPO, OTAP and OTAPO respectively. The structural characterization of synthesized DADITAs was done by FTIR, ~H-NMR, I3C-NMR, 31p-NMR spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. Thermal stability of the isothermally cured epoxy was investigated using dynamic thermogravimetry analysis. The glass transition temperature （Tg） was highest in DGEBA cured using PTAP. All epoxy thermosets exhibited excellent flame retardancy, moderate changes in Tg and thermal stability. Due to presence of phosphorus in curing agents, all epoxy resin systems met the UL-94 V-0 classification and the limiting oxygen index （LOI） reached up to 38.5, probably because of the nitrogen-phosphorus synergistic effect.

关键词： Diamide-diimide-tetraamines DGEBA Curing behavior Thermal stability Flame retardancy.

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A Comprehensive Review on Preclinical Safety and Toxicity of Medicinal Plants

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Clinical Complementary Medicine and Pharmacology 2024年第1期4卷 95-111页

作者： Madhav Nilakanth Mugale kapil Dev Bhumika S.More Vaishali Sunil Mishra Kaveri R.Washimkar Kishan Singh Rakesh Maurya Srikanta kumar Rath Debprasad Chattopadhyay Naibedya Chattopadhyay Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute(CSIR-CDRI)Lucknow 226031India Division of Phytochemistry CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants(CSIR-CIMAP)Lucknow 226015India Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division CSIR-CDRI Lucknow 226031India Division of Endocrinology CSIR-CDRI Lucknow 226031India Division of Ethnomedicine ICMR-National Institute of Traditional MedicineNehru NagarBelagavi 590010and ICMR-Virus UnitKolkata 700010India Department of Health Research NSHM Knowledge CampusKolkata 700051India

Background:Globally,80%people use plant-derived products for treating or preventing *** prevalent perception about medicinal plants is that they are safe and devoid of adverse ***,approximately 1,50,000 plants contain toxic ***:The present review focuses on medicinal plant extracts/fractions toxicity assessments made in preclin-ical models by oral ***:Detail studies were searched from databases including PubMed and Google Scholar.A manual reference screening of the selected studies was done to identify relevant articles,with no language restriction being imposed at the time of ***:The studies included were performed in rodents,and the test substances were administered *** search revealed 33 widely used plants or products with significant toxicity,and phytochemicals from these plants have been *** a systematic review,we identified a plethora of medicinal plant extracts reporting safety and toxicity ***:In the future,preclinical toxicokinetic studies of herbs and the determination of their no-observed-adverse-effect levels are required for a complete safety ***,the interaction of herbs with com-monly used/over-the-counter drugs in terms of the latter’s metabolic profile should be undertaken.

关键词： Extract Herbal medicine Toxicity Rodent Secondary metabolite

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Three-phase-lag functionally graded thermoelastic model having double porosity and gravitational effect

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2023年第1期8卷 42-54页

作者： kapil kumar Kalkal Aarti Kadian Sunil kumar Department of Mathematics Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and TechnologyIndia Department of Basic and Applied Sciences BPSMV Khanpur KalanSonepatIndia

In the present article,we have used the three-phase-lag model of thermoelasticity to formulate a two dimensional problem of non homogeneous,isotropic,double porous media with a gravitational field *** shock of constant intensity is applied on the bounding *** normal mode procedure is employed to derive the exact expressions of the field *** expressions are also calculated numerically and plotted graphically to demonstrate and compare theoretical *** influences of non-homogeneity parameter,double porosity and gravity on the various physical quantities are also ana-lyzed.A comparative study is done between three-phase-lag and GN-III *** limiting cases are also deduced from the current study.

关键词： Three-phase-lag Pores Fissures Gravity Normal mode analysis

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Synthesis and Characterization of CdO–SnO_2 Nanocomposites Prepared by Hydrothermal Method

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2018年第3期31卷 254-262页

作者： kapil Sirohi Suresh kumar Virender Singh Anil Vohra Department of Electronic Science Kurukshetra University

In this work,（1-x）CdO-xSnO2 nanocomposites（≤0.15）have been synthesized via hydrothermal *** structural study reveals that CdO nanostructures possess crystalline phase and cubic *** CdO-SnO2 nanocomposites possess both cubic and orthorhombic structure with good *** crystallite size in the nanocomposites was found to be in the range of 9.6-19.6 *** emission scanning electronic microscopy and high-resolution tunnelling microscopy analysis confirm the presence of both cubic and orthorhombic structures which is also confirmed from X-ray diffraction *** transform infrared spectroscopy（FFIR）studies confirm that CdO-SnO2 nanocomposites possess the characteristics band of both CdO and SnO2 *** UV-visible absorption studies confirm that the optical absorption band in CdO-SnO2 nanocomposites possesses both blue and red shift as compared to that of CdO *** spectroscopy studies reveal the appearance of strong emission peak at 513,469 and 369 nm corresponding to green,blue and violet emission spectrum,respectively,in CdO-SnO2 *** FTIR studies confirm the presence of hydroxyl and water functional group due to atmospheric water vapours and chemical bonding in CdO and CdO-SnO2 *** spectroscopy confirms the presence of Raman bands of both CdO and SnO2 phases in the CdO-SnO2 nanocomposites.

关键词： Hydrothermal Nanocomposite CdO-SnO2 XRD FESEM HRTEM Optical properties

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Response of drainage to tectonics and PS-InSAR derived deformation study in Bilaspur,northwestern Himalaya,India

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第3期13卷 205-218页

作者： Moulishree Joshi Girish Ch Kothyari kapil Malik Ajay kumar Taloor Department of Geology Kumaun University NainitalIndia Institute of Seismological Research GandhinagarGujaratIndia IIT Indian School of Mines DhanbadIndia Department of Remote Sensing and GIS University of JammuJammuIndia

The study of drainage patterns in tectonically active regions is conducive to the prediction of regional *** subsurface changes can be detected by drainage conditions and manifested in the form of drainage *** Satluj valley of Bilaspur,which is traversed by numerous faults in northwest Himalayan region,was selected to analyze the effect of active tectonics on drainage *** the Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(PS-InSAR)technique,SENTINEL-1A data were used to estimate the active surface deformation between September 2015 and December *** results show that the region between Barasar Thrust(BrT)and Main Central Thrust(MCT)is undergoing deformation of±12 mm/*** Stream Power Incision Model(SPIM)was used to predict deformation *** validate the tectonic activity generated by the drainage network,seismic bvalues were calculated,indicating the accumulating *** study shows the importance of drainage anomalies in tectonically active *** used in close combination with other seismotectonic parameters,drainage anomalies can be effective in delineating tectonically active regions.

关键词： Geomorphology Deformation Satluj river Himachal Himalaya

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Relative active tectonics evaluation using geomorphic and drainage indices, in Dadra and Nagar Haveli, western India

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第3期13卷 219-229页

作者： Naveen kumar Rakesh K.Dumka kapil Mohan Sumer Chopra Institute of Seismological Research(ISR) RaysanGandhinagarGujaratIndia Department of Earth Science Gujarat UniversityNavrangpuraAhmedabad380009India

The present study area,Dadra and Nagar Haveli,contains several lineaments and traces of active *** various aspect of the geomo rphic analysis,i.e.,stream length(SL) gradient,hypsometric integral(HI),basin shape(BS),valley floor(VF),have been applied to evaluate the relative index of active tectonics(RIAT) of the Damanganga *** high and low zones of tectonic activity have been identified based on the geomorphic analysis of the *** evaluation of all indices,three classes,class IIhigh(1.3 ≤RIAT <1.5),class Ⅲ-moderate(1.5 ≤RIAT <1.8),and class Ⅳ-low(1.8 ≤RIAT),have been obtained to outline the degree/gradation of comparative tectonic activities in the study *** appraised outcome of the RIAT dispersal is also well reinforced by the geomorphic evidence in the *** collective outcomes of geomorphic evidence,such as stream deflection and analysis of lineament,deflection of streams,and geomorphic indices,conceal that the Damanganga watershed is affected by tectonic activity.

关键词： Active tectonics Geomorphic indices Relative index of active tectonics(RIAT) Drainage indices

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Landscape Characterization of Sariska National Park (India) and Its Surroundings

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2011年第4期14卷 303-310页

作者： JOSHI Pawan kumar narula Sheena RAWAT Asha GHOSH Aniruddha Department of Natural Resources TERI University

Landscape characterization gives an overall information on the status of Land Use and Land Cover （LULC）, changes in its composition and the impact of natural and human influences operating at different spatial and temporal scales. This information can be used to monitor changes in natural forest resources and protected areas, delineate potential conservation areas and can serve in effective management of ecologically fragile landscapes. In the present study, geo-spatial tools were used to characterize the landscape of Sariska National Park and its surroundings. Satellite data was used to prepare LULC maps for 1989 and 2000, change detection analysis and computation of landscape metrics. Climatic data, field records and modeling tools were used to map the potential spread of two invasive species, Prosopis juliflora and Adhatoda vasica. The results show that the forest area increased from 1989 to 2000, indicating better management practices. Landscape metrics （PAFRAC, PLADJ and AI） also support this argument. Improvements in the degraded forest can further enhance this effect. The entire reserve however is suitable for the invasion of P. juliflora and A. vasiea but is more pronounced in Boswellia serrata and Anogeissus pendula - Acacia catechu （open） forests. A detailed landscape characterization map can help forest managers to make important policy decisions concerning issues such as invasive species.

关键词： image geo-spatial tools invasion landscape analysis vegetation LULC

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Residue recycling options and their implications for sustainable nitrogen management in rice-wheat agroecosystems

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 733-751页

作者： Ajay kumar Bhardwaj kapil Malik Manu Rani Uttam kumar Mandal Nirmalendu Basak Awtar Singh Rajender kumar Yadav Suresh kumar Chaudhari Dinesh kumar Sharma Central Soil Salinity Research Institute Kachhwa RoadKarnal 132001HaryanaIndia Central Soil Salinity Research Institute Regional Research StationCanning Town 743329West BengalIndia Indian Council of Agricultural Research New Delhi 110012DelhiIndia Central Soil Salinity Research Institute Regional Research StationLucknow 226005Uttar PradeshIndia

Background In the Indo-Gangetic Plain,rice-wheat is the most extensively practiced crop *** escalating issue of crop residue burning,particularly rice straw,and the necessity to lower the exorbitant expenses associated with fertilizer inputs stand out as significant challenges for farmers in the region.A well-suited integrated nutrient management(INM)strategy that focuses on recycling crop residues can serve as a solution to address these *** a strategy not only mitigates air pollution resulting from residue burning but also helps combat water pollution due to nitrate losses from *** experiments were used to evaluate the suitability of eight INM-modules that included various combinations of inorganic fertilizer rates(50%,100%,150%of recommended dose),crop residues(wheat and rice stubble retention at 30 cm standing stubble equivalent to 1/3 the straw yield),rice straw compost(RSC),farmyard manure(FYM),and green manuring(GM),compared to 100%recommended dose of fertilizers(F)and no fertilizer *** There was a considerable improvement in nitrogen mineralization,grain yields,and nitrogen use efficiency under GM+RSC-F50 and GM+*** INM modules would permit a 50%reduction in the use of chemical *** was a little yield penalty with in situ rice residue incorporation at 100%F;however,this could be overcome with 150%F fertilizer *** situ retention of wheat straw with a full application of fertilizer resulted in steadily rising crop yields over *** in the redox potential,soil pH,and soil organic carbon best accounted for the observed trajectories in nitrogen use *** The most promising INM modules for adoption by farmers in the Indo-Gangetic Plain to judiciously use crop residues and curtail chemical fertilizer inputs are green manuring with Sesbania aculeata+rice straw compost at 5 t ha^(−1)+only 50%of recommended dose of fertilizers(GM+RSC-F50),and green manuring with

关键词： Rice–wheat Nitrogen use efficiency Sustainable nitrogen management index Crop residue Rice straw compost

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