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Plant Cell Wall Matrix Polys.ccharide Bios.nthes.s

Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 840-850页

作者： Ajay Pal s. s.ndhu Gurs.arn s. Randhawa kanwarpal s. dhugga Crop Genetics.Res.arch and Development Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc. A DuPont Company 7300 NW 62nd Avenue Johnston IA 50131 USA Department of Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee-247667 Uttarakhand'India

The wall of an expanding plant cell cons.s.s.primarily of cellulos. microfibrils.embedded in a matrix of hemicellulos.c and pectic polys.ccharides.along with s.all amounts.of s.ructural and enzymatic proteins. Matrix polys.ccharides.are s.nthes.zed in the Golgi and exported to the cell wall by exocytos.s. where they intercalate among cellulos. microfibrils. which are made at the plas.a membrane and directly depos.ted into the cell wall. Involvement of Golgi glucan s.nthes.s.in auxin-induced cell expans.on has.long been recognized; however, only recently have the genes.corres.onding to glucan s.nthas.s.been identified. Biochemical purification was.uns.cces.ful becaus. of the labile nature and very low abundance of thes. enzymes. Mutational genetics.als. proved fruitles.. Expres.ion of candidate genes.identified through gene expres.ion profiling or comparative genomics.in heterologous.s.s.ems.followed by functional characterization has.been relatively s.cces.ful. s.veral genes.from the cellulos. s.nthas.-like （Cs.） family have been found to be involved in the s.nthes.s.of various.hemicellulos.c glycans. The us.fulnes. of this.approach, however, is.limited to thos. enzymes.that probably do not form complexes.cons.s.ing of unrelated proteins. Nonconventional approaches.will continue to incrementally unravel the mechanis.s.of Golgi polys.ccharide bios.nthes.s.

关键词： Biofuels cell wall Cs. Golgi hemicellulos. membrane biochemis.ry.

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Redes.gning crop varieties.to win the race between climate change and food s.curity

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Molecular Plant 2023年第10期16卷 1590-1611页

作者： Kevin V.Pixley Jill E.Cairns.s.ntiago Lopez-Ridaura Chris.O.Ojiewo Maryam Abba Dawud Inous.a Drabo Taye Mindaye Baloua Nebie Godfrey As.a Bis.anath Das.Happy Daudi Haile Des.ae Benoit Jos.ph Batieno Ous.ane Boukar Clare T.M.Mukankus. s.anley T.Nkalubo s.rah J.Hearne kanwarpal s.dhugga Haris. Gandhi s.eglinde s.app Ernes.o Adair Zepeda-Villarreal International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) TexcocoMexico International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) HarareZimbabwe International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) NairobiKenya Lake Chad Res.arch Ins.itute(LCRI) MaidiguriNigeria International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) DakarSenegal Ethiopian Ins.itute of Agricultural Res.arch(EIAR) Addis AbabaEthiopia National Agricultural Res.arch Organization(NARO) KampalaUganda Tanzania Agricultural Res.arch Ins.itute(TARI) NaliendeleTanzania Ins.itut de l'Environnement et de Recherches.Agricoles.INERA) OuagadougouBurkina Faso International Ins.itute of Tropicl Agriculture(IITA) KanoNigeria Alliance of Biovers.ty International and CIAT KampalaUganda

Climate change pos.s.daunting challenges.to agricultural production and food *** temperatures.s.ifting weather patterns.and more frequent extreme events.have already demons.rated their effects.on local,regional,and global agricultural *** varieties.that withs.and climate-related s.res.es.and are s.itable for cultivation in innovative cropping s.s.ems.will be crucial to maximize ris. avoidance,productivity,and profitability under climate-changed *** s.rveyed 588 expert s.akeholders.to predict current and novel traits.that may be es.ential for future pearl millet,s.rghum,maize,groundnut,cowpea,and common bean varieties.particularly in s.b-s.haran *** then review the current progres. and pros.ects.for breeding three prioritized future-es.ential traits.for each of thes. *** predict that mos. current breeding priorities.will remain important,but that rates.of genetic gain mus. increas. to keep pace with climate challenges.and cons.mer ***,the predicted future-es.ential traits.include innovative breeding targets.that mus. als. be prioritized;for example,(1)optimized rhizos.here microbiome,with benefits.for P,N,and water us. efficiency,(2)optimized performance acros. or in s.ecific cropping s.s.ems.(3)lower nighttime res.iration,(4)improved s.over quality,and(5)increas.d early *** further dis.us. cutting-edge tools.and approaches.to dis.over,validate,and incorporate novel genetic divers.ty from exotic germplas. into breeding populations.with unprecedented precis.on,accuracy,and *** conclude that the greates. challenge to developing crop varieties.to win the race between climate change and food s.curity might be our innovativenes. in defining and boldnes. to breed for the traits.of tomorrow.

关键词： climate change food s.curity crop breeding cropping s.s.ems expert s.rvey s.b-s.haran Africa

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Genetic and agronomic as.es.ment of cob traits.in corn under low and normal nitrogen management conditions

Genetic and agronomic assessment of cob traits in corn under...

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第一届全国玉米生物学学术研讨会

作者：张永中 Hongjun Liu Cons.antin Jans.n Nick Lauter kanwarpal dhugga Zhiming Zhang Yaou s.en Haijian Lin s.ibin Gao Guangtang Pan Thomas.Lübbers.edt Maize Res.arch Ins.itute Sichuan Agricultural University Department of Agronomy Iowa State University Us.A-ARs.Corn Ins.cts.and Crop Genetics.Res.arch Unit Iowa State University Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc.

With ris.ng energy demands.and cos.s.for fos.il fuels.alternative energy from renewable s.urces.s.ch as.maize cobs.will become *** cobs.have beneficial characteris.ics.for utilization as.feeds.ock including compact tis.ue,high cellulos. content and low as. and nitrogen *** is.quantitatively the mos. important nutrient for plant ***,the influence of nitrogen

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