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Effects of Chlorine-Based Fertilizers on Tomato Growth under Soilless Culture

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2025年第1期94卷 243-250页

作者： Fei Li Meili ding Hui Yuan Siping Wang Bin Liang College of Agriculture and Forestry Technology Weifang Vocational CollegeWeifang262737China College of Resources and Environment Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao266109China

This study investigated the effects of chlorine-based fertilizers under varying nitrogen solution concentrations in a soilless culture system. The experiment included four nitrogen solution concentration levels, with nitrogen concentrations of 6 mmol/L (C1), 12 mmol/L (C2), 18 mmol/L (C3), and 24 mmol/L (C4). Each nutrient concentration level was further divided into four chloride ion treatments (R1, R2, R3, and R4), where 100%, 60%, 33%, and 0% of the NH4+ and K+ ions were derived from NH4Cl and KCl, respectively. The length, surface area and volume of root were significantly higher by 25.3%~136.9%, 40.1%~173.1%, 27.9%~178.0%, respectively, in the R4 treatment than in the R1 and R2 treatments at flowering stage. The aboveground biomass and yield in the R4 treatment were significantly higher, by approximately 15.6%~43.5% and 16.6%~28.6%, respectively, than in the R1, R2, and R3 treatments at the picking stage. The C3 and C4 treatments significantly decreased biomass and yield by 31.9%~50.2% and 20.7%~50.5%, respectively, compared to the C1 and C2 treatments at the picking stage. Besides, the higher nutrient solution increased the incidence of blossom-end rot. In conclusion, high concentrations of chloride ions in nutrient solutions, especially when the Cl− concentration exceeded 10 mmol/L, have been shown to inhibit tomato growth in soilless culture systems. Therefore, replacing sulfur-based fertilizers by chlorine-based fertilizers is not recommended for tomato production under the studied conditions.

关键词： Sand culture chloride ion nitrogen solution concentration tomato yield blossom-end rot

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A data-driven rolling optimization method for trajectory tracking error prediction of CNC machine tools

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 270-285页

作者： Yinxin GUAN Jixiang YANG Shizhong TAN Han ding School of Mechanical Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

The dynamic performance of the feed-drive system in CNC machine tools directly influences the accuracy of machined *** enhance the motion control performance of CNC machine tools,a high-precision model of the feed-drive system is ***,current modeling methods for feed-drive systems seldom consider time-varying factors such as loads,wear,and *** a result,the model accuracy degrades when the system characteristics are affected by these time-varying *** this paper,a rolling optimization method with partial weights frozen is developed to realize quick iterative learning of a data-driven model for a feed drive system with time-varying characteristics using a small amount of ***,the long short-term memory fully connected(LSTM-FC)network is built and divided into feature extraction and output fitting parts based on their ***,a weight freezing-based rolling optimization method is *** weights in the feature extraction part are frozen,which preserves the learned common knowledge and patterns by solidifying the way that high-dimensional features are extracted from the *** adjusting the weights in the output fitting part,the extracted highdimensional features are remapped to the new data distribution changed by time-varying ***,the performance of the developed rolling optimization method is confirmed by *** results show that the proposed rolling optimization method reduces the maximum prediction errors by 49.5%and the total training time by 96.3%compared with existing methods,which demonstrates that the proposed method can restore model accuracy when the system characteristics change due to timevarying factors,and significantly accelerate the optimization process by rolling optimization.

关键词： rolling optimization feed-drive system data-driven time-varying machine tool

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RIS-Assisted Receive Spatial Modulation for High-Speed Railway Communication

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China Communications 2025年第2期22卷 269-282页

作者： ding Qingfeng Wang Song Fu Tingmei Xi Tao School of Electrical and Automation Engineering East China Jiaotong UniversityNanchang 330013China China Railway Communication and Signal Survey&Design Institute Co.Ltd Beijing 100071China

In high-speed railway(HSR)wireless communication,the rapid channel changes and limited high-capacity access cause significant impact on the link ***,the Doppler shift caused by high mobility leads to the inter-carrier *** this paper,we propose a reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)-assisted receive spatial modulation(SM)scheme based on the spatial-temporal correlated HSR Rician *** characteristics of SM and the phase shift adjustment of RIS are used to mitigate the performance degradation in high mobility *** the influence of channel spatial-temporal correlation and Doppler shift,the effects of different parameters on average bit error rate(BER)performance and upper bound of ergodic capacity are ***,a joint antenna and RIS-unit selection algorithm based on the antenna removal method is proposed to increase the capacity performance of communication *** results show that the proposed RIS-assisted receive SM scheme can maintain high transmission capacity compared to the conventional HSR-SM scheme,whereas the degradation of BER performance can be compensated by arranging a large number of *** addition,selecting more RIS-units has better capacity performance than activating more antennas in the low signal-to-noise ratio regions.

关键词： average bit error rat high-speed railway joint antenna and RIS-unit selection receive spatial modulation reconfigurable intelligent surface

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Electrode/Electrolyte Optimization‑Induced Double‑Layered Architecture for High‑Performance Aqueous Zinc‑(Dual)Halogen Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 121-137页

作者： Chengwang Zhou Zhezheng ding Shengzhe Ying Hao Jiang Yan Wang Timing Fang You Zhang Bing Sun Xiao Tang Xiaomin Liu School of Textiles and Clothing School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQingdao UniversityQingdao 266071ShandongPeople’s Republic of China Centre for Clean Energy Technology School of Mathematical and Physical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNSW 2007Australia School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang 453007HenanPeople’s Republic of China

Aqueous zinc-halogen batteries are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their abundant resources,intrinsic safety,and high theoretical ***,the uncontrollable zinc dendrite growth and spontaneous shuttle effect of active species have prohibited their practical ***,a double-layered protective film based on zinc-ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid(ZEA)artificial film and ZnF2-rich solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layer has been successfully fabricated on the zinc metal anode via electrode/electrolyte synergistic *** ZEA-based artificial film shows strong affinity for the ZnF2-rich SEI layer,therefore effectively suppressing the SEI breakage and facilitating the construction of double-layered protective film on the zinc metal *** double-layered architecture not only modulates Zn2+flux and suppresses the zinc dendrite growth,but also blocks the direct contact between the metal anode and electrolyte,thus mitigating the corrosion from the active *** employing optimized metal anodes and electrolytes,the as-developed zinc-(dual)halogen batteries present high areal capacity and satisfactory cycling *** work provides a new avenue for developing aqueous zinc-(dual)halogen batteries.

关键词： Zn metal anodes Double-layered protective film Electrode/electrolyte optimization Aqueous zinc-(dual)halogen batteries

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An Efficient and Flexible Bifunctional Dual-Band Electrochromic Device Integrating with Energy Storage

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第4期17卷 419-434页

作者： Zekun Huang Yutao Peng Jing Zhao Shengliang Zhang Penglu Qi Xianlin Qu Fuqiang Yan Bing ding Yimin Xuan Xiaogang Zhang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies College of Materials Science and TechnologyNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Thermal Management and Energy Utilization of Aviation Vehicles College of Energy and Power EngineeringNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016People’s Republic of China Center for Microscopy and Analysis Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211106People’s Republic of China

Dual-band electrochromic devices capable of the spectral-selective modulation of visible(VIS)light and near-infrared(NIR)can notably reduce the energy consumption of buildings and improve the occupants’visual and thermal ***,the low optical modulation and poor durability of these devices severely limit its practical ***,we demonstrate an efficient and flexible bifunctional dual-band electrochromic device which not only shows excellent spectral-selective electrochromic performance with a high optical modulation and a long cycle life,but also displays a high capacitance and a high energy recycling efficiency of 51.4%,integrating energy-saving with *** nanowires structure and abundant oxygen-vacancies of oxygen-deficient tungsten oxide nanowires endows it high flexibility and a high optical modulation of 73.1%and 85.3%at 633 and 1200 nm *** prototype device assembled can modulate the VIS light and NIR independently and effectively through three distinct modes with a long cycle life(3.3%capacity loss after 10,000 cycles)and a high energy-saving performance(8.8℃lower than the common glass).Furthermore,simulations also demonstrate that our device outperforms the commercial low-emissivity glass in terms of energy-saving in most climatic zones around the *** windows represent an intriguing potential technology to improve the building energy efficiency.

关键词： Electrochromic Dual-band electrochromic devices Spectral-selective modulation Flexible Energy storage

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Face stability analysis of large shield-driven tunnel in rock-soil interface composite formations

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Underground Space 2022年第6期7卷 1021-1035页

作者： Xiaobin ding kang Li Yuxuan Xie Shuzhuo Liu School of Civil Engineering and Transportation South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Civil Engineering Technology South China Institute of Geotechnical EngineeringGuangzhou 510650China

A new 3D log-spiral model(LS-M model)is proposed to determine the minimal support pressure on the tunnel face of a large shielddriven tunnel in rock-soil interface(RSI)composite *** the proposed LS-M model,we define the RSI angle ω and use a new approach to calculate the equivalent tunnel face area,which provides a collapse zone with more realistic geometry than the traditional wedge *** it has acceptable accuracy with simpler implementation than limit equilibrium *** with previous studies and 3D numerical analysis,it indicates that:(i)the LS-M results agree well with others in full-soil formations on the variation patterns of minimum support pressure and stability coefficients N_(c) and N_(γ);(ii)the critical RSI angle ω_(cr),which is predominantly influenced by soil cohesion,increases with the soil property values;(iii)the limit support pressure starts to increase with ω only when ω>ω_(cr);(iv)the peak support pressure occurs at lower C/D with a lower ω;(v)ω can only affect stability coefficients N_(c) and N_(γ) when ω and the friction angle are relatively small,while N_(s) is substantially influenced by RSI angle ω.

关键词： Tunnel Stability Limit support pressure RSI composite formations 3D failure mechanism

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Global warming weakening the inherent stability of glaciers and permafrost

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Science Bulletin 2019年第4期64卷 245-253页

作者： Yongjian ding Shiqiang Zhang Lin Zhao Zhongqin Li Shichang kang State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest China Ecological Environment and Resource Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy Sciences Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity Northwest University College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Northwest University State Cryosphere Monitor and Research Station Northwest China Ecological Environment and Resource Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences State Glacier Monitor and Research Station Northwest China Ecological Environment and Resource Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Cryosphere has been undergoing a worldwide retreat, as seen in the decrease in the areal extent and volume of glaciers and in the areal extent of permafrost. This paper presents a systematic examination of the inherent stability changes of glaciers and permafrost caused by warming. Various study results suggest that over the past 30 years, the internal temperature of glaciers and permafrost exhibits an overall accelerating warming trend. The warming rate peaked in the mid-2000s and slowed slightly for several years afterward. In recent years, however, the warming rate has seemed to pick up again. The warming of glaciers and permafrost has exerted great impact on their stability, displayed as intensified melting,increased glacier surging, enlargement of supraglacial lakes, and increased permafrost *** without a future temperature increase, some glaciers will continue to shrink, and the number of surging glaciers will increase. The transition from low-temperature to high-temperature permafrost is a noticeable warning sign of a comprehensive degradation of permafrost. These results indicate that‘‘warming" glaciers and permafrost will exert significant impacts on the hydrology, ecology, and stability of engineering in cold regions.

关键词： Warming Englacial temperature Permafrost temperature Internal thermal state Stability

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Effects of Area Discontinuity at Nozzle Inlet on the Characteristics of Self-resonating Cavitating Waterjet

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2016年第4期29卷 813-824页

作者： LI Deng kang Yong ding Xiaolong WANG Xiaochuan FANG Zhenlong School of Power and Mechanical Engineering Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterjet Theory and New Technology Wuhan University Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

The current research on self-resonating cavitating waterjet（SRCW） mainly focuses on the generation mechanism and structure *** relating to the influences of disturbances at nozzle inlet on the characteristics of the jet are rarely *** order to further improve the performance of SRCW,effects of area discontinuity（enlargement and contraction） are experimentally investigated using three organ-pipe *** pressure oscillation peak and amplitude as well as aggressive erosion intensity of the jet are used to evaluate the *** results reveal that area enlargement and contraction affect the peak differently,depending on the inlet pressure,nozzle geometry,and standoff distance;while area contraction always improves the amplitude regardless of these *** inlet pressures of 10 MPa and 20 MPa,area discontinuity improves the peak at almost all the testing standoff distances,while this only happens at smaller standoff distances with the inlet pressure increased to 30 *** capability of area discontinuity for improving the amplitude is enhancing with increasing inlet ***,the cavitation erosion ability of the jet can be largely enhanced around the optimum standoff distance,depending on the type of area discontinuity and nozzle geometry.A preliminary analysis of the influence of area discontinuity on the disturbance waves in the flow is also *** proposed research provides a new method for effectively enhancing the performance of SRCW.

关键词： area discontinuity self-resonating cavitating waterjet(SRCW) organ-pipe nozzle pressure oscillation cavitation erosion

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A networked remote sensing system for on-road vehicle emission monitoring

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2017年第4期60卷 224-231页

作者： Yu kang Yan ding Zerui LI Yang CAO Yunbo ZHAO State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Department of Automation University of Science and Technology of China Institute of Advanced Technology University of Science and Technology of China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences College of Information Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology

Vehicle emissions are a major source of urban air pollution, and therefore a real-time monitoring system can be very useful in analyzing such emission and consequently assisting the policy making process. In this work we discuss the principle and structure of three different types of remote sensing detectors, and also the key techniques to establish a networked remote sensing monitoring system. We finally conclude this paper with data analysis from some preliminary experiments.

关键词： networked system remote sensing vehicle emissions

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Some fundamental issues in buoyancy-driven flows with implications for geophysical and astrophysical systems

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2025年第1期41卷 1-21页

作者： Ke-Qing Xia Kai Leong Chong Guang-Yu ding Lu Zhang Center for Complex Flows and Soft Matter Research Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and MechanicsSchool of Mechanics and Engineering ScienceShanghai UniversityShanghai 200072China

Buoyancy-driven flows are prevalent in a wide range of geophysical and astrophysical systems. In this review, we focus on threepivotal effects that significantly influence the dynamics and transport properties of buoyancy-driven flows and may have impli-cations for natural systems. These effects pertain to the role of boundary conditions, the impact of rotation, and the effect offinite size. Boundary conditions represent how the fluid flow interacts with different kinds of surfaces. Rotation, as the Earth’srotation in geophysical systems or the whirling of astrophysical systems, introduces Coriolis and centrifugal forces, leading tothe profound vortical structure and distinct transport property. Finite size, representing geometrical constraints, influences thebehavior of buoyancy-driven flows across varying geometrical settings. This review aims to provide a holistic understanding ofthe intricate interplay of these factors, offering insights into the complex natural phenomena from the perspectives of the threeeffects.

关键词： Buoyancy-driven flows Geophysical turbulence Rayleigh-B´enard convection

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