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Effects of Replacing Maize with Dioscarea bulbifera Flour on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens

Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2023年第2期13卷 217-231页

作者： Kemmo Kenhagho Arielle Priscila Tchouan Deffo Gilchrist Ngouana Tadjong Ruben Edie Nounamo Langston Wilfried kana jean raphael Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences Laboratory of Animal Nutrition University of Dschang Dschang Cameroun Institute of Fisheries and Aquatic Science of Yabassi Aquaculture Department Laboratory of Aquaculture and Demography of Fisheries Resources University of Douala Douala Cameroon

The present study was designed to evaluate Dioscarea bulbifera flour as potential feed ingredient in broilers diets. For this purpose, 256-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks, were divided into 4 groups replicated 4 times in a completely randomized design. A control ration (R0) containing maize as the main energy source was compared to three other rations in which 50%, 75% and 100% maize were substituted with Dioscarea bulbifera flour. The main results showed that, the increasing rate of Dioscarea bulbifera flour had no significant (p > 0.05) effect on the digestibility of feed components. Feed intake was higher with 50% and 75% Dioscarea bulbifera flour inclusion levels. As compared to the control ration, a significant (p < 0.05) drop in live weight and weight gain was recorded with 50% substitution while feed conversion ratio increased significantly with increasing level of Dioscarea bulbifera flour in the ration. Dioscarea bulbifera flour induced a linear and significant (p < 0.05) increase in the relative weight of the gizzard, liver and production cost. It was concluded that, substituting 50% maize with Dioscarea bulbifera flour could be a sustainable solution to palliate the growing inflation of maize as animal feed ingredient. However, the incorporation level of Dioscarea bulbifera as feed ingredient in substitution of maize must not exceed 50% at the risk of depreciating growth performance of broilers.

关键词： Diocorea bulbifera Growth Performance Cost of Production Broilers Maize Substitute

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Noninvasive Respiratory Strategies in Patients with Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure and COVID-19 in Gabon: A Prospective Observational Study

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Open Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第1期12卷 18-27页

作者： Ghislain Edjo Nkilly raphael Okoue Ondo Fernande Manga Stéphane Oliveira jean Marcel Mandji-Lawson Romain Tchoua Department of Emergency Anesthesia Resuscitation Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital Libreville Gabon Department of Anesthesia and Resuscitation Libreville University Hospital Center Libreville Gabon Department of Anesthesia and Resuscitation Akanda Army Training Hospital Libreville Gabon

Importance: The best respiratory support technique to reduce intubation and mortality in patients with respiratory failure due to COVID-19 is controversial. Objective: To determine the respiratory support technique that could reduce the need for tracheal intubation and mortality in patients with respiratory failure due to COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) of Military’s Hospital (HIAOBO) in Gabon. Design, Setting, and Participants-Methodology: Prospective observational study over 10 months (January 2021-October 2021). We included patients admitted to intensive care for SARS Cov2 pneumonia who had benefited from available ventilatory support: high concentration face mask, High Flow Nasal cannula (HFNC), NIV (Non Invasive Ventilation), Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP). The choice was guided by the clinical condition, and the choice of the prescribing physicians. Recourse to mechanical ventilation was decided when faced with a Glasgow score of less than 13, an SpO2/FiO2 ratio ≤ 300, a FR ≥ 35/min, the impossibility of drainage of secretions. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the proportion of patients requiring intubation. The secondary outcomes were mortality in ICU. Results: The sample included 97 patients, the average age was55.6 years, hypertension was the main comorbidity (51.1%). Mean respiratory rate (RR) was 30.8 cycles/min, admission SpO2 was 83%, respiratory alkalosis was present in 63% of patients, mean CT involvement was 51%.Respiratory support was NIV (56.7%), CPAP (21.65%), high concentration face mask (18.55%). Sixteen percent (16%) of patients were intubated, 93% of them following failure of NIV. Mortality was 30%, mechanical ventilation was an independent risk factor for mortality. Conclusions: Non Invasive Ventilation, CPAP, and high-concentration face mask were frequently used in patients with COVID-related acute respiratory failure. The CPAP has reduced the need for intubation. Mechanic

关键词： Respiratory Failure COVID 19-Intensive Care Units Military Hospital Gabon

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Postoperative Analgesia and Cesarean Section under General Anesthesia: Multicenter Study

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第1期14卷 1-12页

作者： Ghislain Edjo Nkilly raphael Okoue Ondo Pascal Christian Nze Obiang Stéphane Oliveira jean-Marcel Mandji-Lawson Romain Tchoua Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital (HIAOBO) Libreville Gabon Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Jeanne Ebori Fondation Libreville Gabon Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Akanda Army Training Hospital Libreville Gabon

Background: Neuraxial anesthesia with intrathecal morphine is the reference technique in cesarean section anesthesia for the management of postoperative analgesia. If there is a contraindication to this, general anesthesia is required. The objective of the study was to evaluate the analgesic effectiveness of 4 analgesic techniques performed during cesarean section under general anesthesia in two centers with different anesthetic practices (North Franche Comté Hospital and Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital). Method: This is a retrospective and descriptive study over 2 years, from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. It involved evaluating the analgesic effectiveness and tolerance of morphine in the epidural catheter, wound infiltration, intravenous analgesia and Transversus Abdominous Plane block (TAP block) from the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) until the 4th post-operative day. Results: Of the 354 cesarean sections performed, 84 (11.14%) received general anesthesia. The average age was 32.27 years. Acute fetal distress was the first indication for cesarean section (45.2%), followed by hemorrhagic placenta previa (10.7%) and prolapse of the cord (8.33%). Morphine in the epidural catheter was the most used (47.6%) followed by parietal infiltration (36.9%), intravenous analgesia (13.1%) and TAP block (2.38%). The analgesic effectiveness was comparable between the techniques from postoperative day 0 to day 4. No difference in side effects. Postoperative morphine consumption was significantly reduced (p = 0.011) in the infiltration (9 mg) and TAP block (9mg) groups compared to the epidural catheter (16 mg) and intravenous analgesia (17 mg). No difference in 02 rehabilitation criteria (ambulation, first bowel movement). No difference in the occurrence of chronic pain. Conclusion: In the event of a cesarean section under general anesthesia, there are effective and well-tolerated alternatives to neuraxial anesthesia, particularly regional anesthesia

关键词： Cesarean General Anesthesia Morphine Parietal Infiltration Epidural Catheter Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Intravenous Analgesia

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Intermediate Hip Arthroplasty in Gabon: Blood Loss and Risk Factor for Transfusion

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第4期14卷 109-117页

作者： Ghislain Edjo Nkilly Pascal Christian Nze Obiang raphael Okoue Ondo Arthur Matsanga Stéphane Oliveira Léandre Nguiabanda jean-Marcel Mandji-Lawson Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital (HIAOBO) Libreville Gabon Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Jeanne Ebori Fondation Libreville Gabon Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Owendo University Hospital (CHUO) Libreville Gabon Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Akanda Army Training Hospital Libreville Gabon Orthopedic Surgery Service Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital (HIAOBO) Libreville Gabon

Background: Hip arthroplasty is a surgery with a high risk of bleeding. The main objective of this study was to research risk factors for bleeding and transfusion in patients undergoing hip hemiarthroplasty in Gabon. Method: It was a retrospective, monocentric, descriptive and analytical study carried out from June 2011 to June 2021 at the Omar Bongo Ondimba army training hospital. The variables studied were demographic characteristics, biological variables, transfusion and intraoperative data. The primary outcome was intraoperative transfusion. A univariate and multivariate analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with the occurrence of a transfusion. Results: Of the 97 patients included, the average age was 74.2 years ± 10, male predominance was 73.2%, the average ASA score was 1.9 ± 0.5, and transfusion incidence was 38.1%. The average number of RBCs transfused was 1.2 ± 0.6. Tranexamic acid was used in 11.3% of patients. The average bleeding was 450 ± 453 ml. Preoperative anemia was predictor of transfusion to be significant. Conclusion: The incidence of transfusion is law compared to total hip arthroplasty. The implementation of a patient blood management protocol is difficult given the urgency of bone repair. However, a better use of tranexamic acid could reduce this transfusion incidence.

关键词： Hip Arthroplasty Risk Factors Patients Hemiarthroplasty Gabon

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A formal approach using SysML for capturing functional requirements in avionics domain

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2019年第12期32卷 2717-2726页

作者： Shaofan ZHU Jian TANG jean-Marie GAUTHIER raphael FAUDOU Beijing Aeronautical Science and Technology Research Institute COMACBeijing 102211China Samares-Engineering Blagnac 31700France

In this work,a Model-Based Systems Engineering approach based on Sys ML is *** approach is used for the capture and the definition of functional requirements in avionics *** motivation of this work is triple:guide the capture of functional requirements,validate these functional requirements through functional simulation,and verify efficiently the consistency of these functional *** proposed approach is decomposed into several steps that are detailed to go from conceptual model of avionics domain to a formal functional model that can be simulated in its operating *** achieve this work,a subset of Sys ML has been used as an intermediate modelling language to ensure progressive transformation that can be understood and agreed by system *** concepts are introduced to ensure theoretical consistency of the *** addition,transformation rules are defined and the mappings between concepts of ARP4754 A civil aircraft guidelines and Sys ML are formalized through *** resulting formalization enables engineers to perform functional simulation of the top-level functional architecture extracted from operational ***,the approach has been tested on an industrial avionics system called the Onboard Maintenance System.

关键词： Avionics systems Conceptual model Functional simulation Model-Based Systems Engineering

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Effects of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Rhizomes Essential Oil on Some Reproductive Parameters in Laying Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2017年第4期5卷 64-74页

作者： Herve Tchoffo Ferdinand Ngoula jean raphael kana Augustave Kenfack Victor Herman Ngoumtsop Narcisse Bertin Vemo Department of Animfal Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

To assess the effect of ginger rhizomes essential oil on some reproductive parameters of laying birds, 80 female Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) aged 3 weeks and weighing between 120 - 130 g were randomly assigned into 4 dietary treatment groups in a completely randomized design. From 3 till 13 weeks, birds in group 1 (control) received distilled water orally (100 μl/kg body weight), while the other three test groups during the same period, received respectively by gavage 50, 100 and 150 μl of ginger roots essential oil per kg body weight. At 11 weeks old, eight birds per group in each treatment were randomly selected and slaughtered, blood samples collected for analysis. On the other hand, the remaining females were maintained 3 with one untreated male in identical boxes per treatment, for fertility assessment, eggs characteristics and hatchability traits. Throughout the experiment, biochemical parameters, eggs characteristics, fertility and hatchability traits were analyzed. No significant change (p > 0.05) was observed during the experimental period for body and relative ovary weights. Contrary, the relative uterus weight significantly increased (p < 0.05) in dose-dependent manner. The level of serum total proteins, LH, FSH and estradiol significantly increased (p < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Also, fertility, hatchability of fertile eggs, total hatchability and chick’s weight significantly increased (p < 0.05) in birds received 100 and 150 μl/kg b.w compared to those of control group. On the other hand, embryonic mortality decreased significantly (p < 0.05) whatever the ginger rhizomes essential oil dose. It was concluded that ginger rhizomes essential oil enhances bird reproductive performances, proteins and reproductive hormone levels and hatchability traits in treated female quails.

关键词： Eggs Characteristics Females Japanese Quail Ginger Rhizomes Essential Oil Hatchability Traits

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Effects of Desmodium uncinatum Leaf Meal in the Diet on Lohmann Brown Hens’ Laying Performance and Eggs Quality

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2023年第1期13卷 166-178页

作者： Hervé Mube Kuietche Cyrille D’Alex Tadondjou Rubens Ngouana Tadjong Josiane Lobeng Mouaffo Fostso jean raphael kana Alexis Teguia Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon National Higher Polytechnic School of Maroua University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Institute of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Higher Teacher Training School of Bambili University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon

A cheap, safe and available alternative protein source to soybean is a huge priority for the developing world. This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of Desmodium uncinatum leaf meal incorporation levels in the diet on Lohmann Brown hens’ laying performances. For this purpose, 60 Lohmann Brown hens aged 33 weeks with an average weight of 1.78 kg were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups of 20 birds each with 4 replicates. The experimental treatments consisted of DULM 0, DULM5, and DULM10 containing 0, 5 and 10 kg of D. uncinatum leaf meal (DULM) per 100 kg of feed respectively. The results reveal that except for the weights of hens, laying performances were significantly affected (p 5. On the other hand, the diet with 10% of DULM (DULM10) recorded the highest relative shell weight, feed conversion ratio and egg price. Nevertheless, the mortality rate found in this study was 0% for all treatments confirming the good quality of DULM as protein feedstuff for layer. It was concluded that incorporation levels of D. uncinatum leaves at 5% in the diet improved the laying performances of Lohmann Brown hens.

关键词： Desmodium uncinatum Laying Hens Egg Production Egg Quality

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Hepatocellular carcinoma in a non-cirrhotic patient with Wilson's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第13期19卷 2110-2113页

作者： raphael Thattil jean-Franois Dufour Department of Hepatology University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and MedicineInselspital University Hospital Bern Division of Hepatology Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Bern

We report the exceptional case of hepatocellular carcinoma in a non-cirrhotic patient, whose Wilson's disease was diagnosed at the unusual age of 58 years. The liver histology revealed macrovesicular steatosis with fibrosis, but no cirrhosis. The disease was treated with D-penicillamine for 3 years until acute discomfort in the right upper quadrant led to detection of multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma, which was successfully resected. The histological examination confirmed the malignant nature of the 4 lesions, which were classified according to Edmondson and Steiner as poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma grade 3. The non-tumoral parenchyma showed 80% steatosis with ballooned cells, lobular inflammation, septal fibrosis but no cirrhosis. Hepatocellular carcinoma is rare in Wilson's disease, especially in the absence of cirrhosis. The literature's 28 published cases are reviewed and the contributory role of copper in the hepatocarcinogenic process is discussed.

关键词： Wilson’s disease Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatocarcinogenesis Copper Liver Fibrosis Cirrhosis

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Moyamoya Disease Associated with Hyperhomocysteinemia: A Rare Cause of Stroke in Sub-Saharan Africa

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2022年第1期12卷 22-28页

作者： raphael Marie Kabore Habib A. K. Ouiminga jean Kabore jean-Michel Vallat Department of Neurology Tengandogo Teaching Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Neurosurgery Tengandogo Teaching Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Neurology Yalgado Teaching Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Neurology Dupuytren Teaching Hospital Limoges France

Introduction: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic cerebrovascular disorder characterized by progressive bilateral occlusion of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) and its main branches, associated with the development of fine collateral networks, especially adjacent to the site of occlusion in the deep areas of the brain. MMD frequently occurs in East Asian populations, including pediatric and adult patients, and may lead to ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, headache, epilepsy or transient ischemic attack. The majority is presumed to be of genetic origin and few cases of thrombophilia have been reported in MMD. We report a case of MMD in a young sub-Saharan African woman associated with Hyperhomocysteninemia (HHCys). Observation: A 33-year-old female was seen for aphasia, which had suddenly appeared fourteen days before, and was associated with memory impairment. She mentioned chronic headaches during the 10 previous years, of frontal seat, without migraine criteria. She had no history of hypertension, no obesity, no known dyslipidemia, and there was no family history of stroke. Neurological examination noted Wernicke’s aphasia, with discreet right central facial palsy, associated with memory impairment. The brain MRI revealed semi recent infarct in the left parietal lobe, sequelae in the left temporo-occipital and right frontal with lacunar ischemic lesions, associated with several foci of sub- cortical demyelination. MRA showed stenosis of the supraclinoid carotid arteries and their division branches. In addition, there was a stenosis of the posterior cerebral arteries, with a network of anastomosis at the level of the base of the skull. An investigation of thrombophilia showed hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCys). The diagnosis of moyamoya disease associated with hyperhomocysteinemia was mentioned. She was treated by Aspirin combined to folic acid. After a 3-year setback the patient was asymptomatic. Conclusion: MMD is a rare cause of stroke in sub-Saharan Afric

关键词： Moyamoya Headache Silent Infarcts Hyperhomocysteinemia Diagnosis Treatment

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Revisiting Akaike’s Final Prediction Error and the Generalized Cross Validation Criteria in Regression from the Same Perspective: From Least Squares to Ridge Regression and Smoothing Splines

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Open Journal of Statistics 2023年第5期13卷 694-716页

作者： jean raphael Ndzinga Mvondo Eugène-Patrice Ndong Nguéma Department of Mathematics Ecole Polytechnique Yaoundé I Cameroon

In regression, despite being both aimed at estimating the Mean Squared Prediction Error (MSPE), Akaike’s Final Prediction Error (FPE) and the Generalized Cross Validation (GCV) selection criteria are usually derived from two quite different perspectives. Here, settling on the most commonly accepted definition of the MSPE as the expectation of the squared prediction error loss, we provide theoretical expressions for it, valid for any linear model (LM) fitter, be it under random or non random designs. Specializing these MSPE expressions for each of them, we are able to derive closed formulas of the MSPE for some of the most popular LM fitters: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), with or without a full column rank design matrix;Ordinary and Generalized Ridge regression, the latter embedding smoothing splines fitting. For each of these LM fitters, we then deduce a computable estimate of the MSPE which turns out to coincide with Akaike’s FPE. Using a slight variation, we similarly get a class of MSPE estimates coinciding with the classical GCV formula for those same LM fitters.

关键词： Linear Model Mean Squared Prediction Error Final Prediction Error Generalized Cross Validation Least Squares Ridge Regression

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