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The role of graveyards in species conservation and beta diversity:a vegetation appraisal of sacred habitats from Bannu,Pakistan

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第4期31卷 1147-1158页

作者： Saqib kamran Shujaul Mulk Khan Zeeshan Ahmad Amjad Ur Rahman Majid Iqbal Fazal Manan Zahoor Ul Haq Saif Ullah Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan

Graveyards or sacred groves are often places of natural vegetation protected by spiritual believers because of their sacred beliefs and indigenous culture.A study of graveyards was conducted to determine their role in species conservation,community formation,and associated indicators and species composition using multivariate statistical *** was hypothesized that variations in the age of graveyards would give rise to diverse plant communities under the impact of various edaphic and climatic *** ecological techniques were applied to determine various phytosociological *** the data were put in MS Excel for analysis in PCORD and CANOCO softwares for cluster analysis(CA),two-way cluster analysis(TWCA),indicator species analysis and canonical correspondence *** and TWCA through Sorenson distance measurements identified five major graveyard plant communities:(1)FicusBougainvillea-Chenopodium;(2)Acacia-Datura-Convolvulus;(3)Ziziphus-Vitex-Abutilon;(4)Acacia-Lantana-Salsola;and(5)*** such as Capparis decidua,Herniaria hirsuta,Salvadora oliedes and Populus euphratica were only present inside graveyards rather than outside and advocate the role of graveyards in species *** impact of different environmental and climatic variables plus the age of the graveyards were also assessed for comparison of plant communities and their respective indicator *** results indicate that higher chlorine concentration,age of graveyards,low soil electrical conductivity,lower anthropogenic activities,higher nitrogen,calcium and magnesium concentrations in the soil,and sandy soils were the strong environmental variables playing a significant role in the formation of graveyard plant communities,their associated indicators and species distribution *** results could further be utilized to evaluate the role of edaphic and climatic factors,indicator species and conservation management practices at a gr

关键词： Graveyards/Sacred groves Plant communities Multivariate statistical techniques Indicator species Edaphic factors Conservation PCORD software

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Temperature-dependent far-infrared properties of Bi_(12)GeO_(20) single crystal

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Chinese Physics B 2009年第10期18卷 4425-4429页

作者： Muhammad kamran 戴耀民马继云李博宏何世坤张伟君郑小睿邱祥冈 Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics

Fax-infraxed reflectivity spectra of bismuth germanium oxide （Bi12GeO20） single crystals are measured from room temperature down to 10 K. All the reflectivity spectra are fitted to a complex dielectric function ε（ω） in the factorised form. Phonon modes at low frequency are found to develop upon decreasing temperature and gain considerable spectrum weight below 150 K. The temperature-dependent static dielectric constants are obtained from the Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation based on the obtained oscillator parameters. The dielectric constants are found to increase upon decreasing temperature, which is attributed to the charge transfer among the ions in the unit cell with the temperature varying.

关键词： infrared reflectivity dielectric properties phonon

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Effects of uniconazole with or without micronutrient on the lignin biosynthesis,lodging resistance,and winter wheat production in semiarid regions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第1期19卷 62-77页

作者： Irshad AHMAD MENG Xiang-ping Muhammad kamran Shahzad ALI Shakeel AHMAD LIU Tie-ning CAI Tie HAN Qing-fang Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage Science in North-Western Loess Plateau Ministry of Agriculture/College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas Ministry of Education/Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of ChinaNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China

Lodging stress results in grain yield and quality reduction in wheat. Uniconazole, a potential plant growth regulator significantly enhances lignin biosynthesis and thus provides mechanical strength to plants in order to cope with lodging stress. A field study was conducted during the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 growing seasons, to investigate the effects of uniconazole sole application or with micronutrient on the lignin biosynthesis, lodging resistance, and production of winter wheat. In the first experiment, uniconazole at concentrations of 0(CK), 15(US1), 30(US2), and 45(US3) mg L^-1 was applied as sole seed soaking, while in the second experiment with manganese(Mn) at concentration of 0.06 g L^-1 Mn, 0.06 g L^-1 Mn+ 15 mg L^-1 uniconazole(UMS1), 0.06 g L^-1 Mn+30 mg L^-1 uniconazole(UMS2), and 0.06 g L^-1 Mn+45 mg L^-1 uniconazole(UMS3), respectively. Uniconazole sole application or with micronutrient significantly increased the lignin content by improving the lignin-related enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, tyrosine ammonialyase, and peroxidase, ameliorating basal internode characteristics, and breaking strength. The spike length, spike diameter, spikes/plant, weight/spike, yield/spike, and grain yield increased and then decreased with uniconazole application at a higher concentration, where their maximum values were recorded with UMS2 and US2 treatments. The lignin accumulation was positively correlated with lignin-related enzyme activities and breaking strength while, negatively correlated with lodging rate. Uniconazole significantly improved the lignin biosynthesis, lodging resistance, and grain yield of winter wheat and the treatments which showed the greatest effects were uniconazole seed soaking with micronutrient at a concentration of 30 mg L^-1 and 0.06 g L^-1 , and uniconazole sole seed soaking at a concentration of 30 mg L^-1 .

关键词： lignin biosynthesis lodging resistance semi-arid regions manganese uniconazole wheat

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An improved semi-implicit direct kinetics method for transient analysis of nuclear reactors

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2019年第11期30卷 108-126页

作者： Roozbeh Vadi kamran Sepanloo School of Nuclear Reactors and Safety Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute

Semi-implicit direct kinetics(SIDK)is an innovative method for the temporal discretization of neutronic equations proposed by *** key approximation of the SIDK method is to substitute a timeaveraged quantity for the fission source term in the delayed neutron differential ***,these equations are decoupled from prompt neutron equations and an explicit analytical representation of precursor groups is obtained,which leads to a significant reduction in computational *** the fission source is not known in a time step,the original study suggested using a constant quantity pertaining to the previous time step for this purpose,and a reduction in the size of the time step was proposed to lessen the imposed ***,this remedy notably diminishes the main advantage of the SIDK *** discerned that if the original method is properly introduced into the algorithm of the point-implicit solver along with some modifications,the mentioned drawbacks will be mitigated *** test this idea,a novel multigroup,multi-dimensional diffusion code using the finitevolume method and a point-implicit solver is developed which works in both transient and steady *** addition to the SIDK,two other kinetic methods,i.e.,direct kinetics and higher-order backward discretization,are programmed into the diffusion code for comparison with the proposed *** final code is tested at different conditions of two well-known transient benchmark *** indicate that while the accuracy of the improved SIDK is closely comparable with the best available kinetic methods,it reduces the total time required for computation by up to 24%.

关键词： Nuclear kinetics Semi-implicit direct kinetics Higher-order backward discretization Finite volume Point-implicit solver

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Food Security in Azerbaijan

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China's Foreign Trade 2009年第19期000卷 66-67页

作者： kamran Ismayilov Azerbaijan Science-Research Institute of Economic and Organization of Agriculture Bakuthe Republic of Azerbaijan

In the 21st century the society got some achievements in technological, education,economic,social-political, cultural and *** society couldn't solve fully the food security problem *** to the information given by FAO if in 1970 there were 400 billion hungry people in the world,in 2008 the number of hungry people was doubled and increased to 800 billion people.

关键词：粮食安全阿塞拜疆人口数量安全问题粮农组织社会完全解饥饿

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An Efficient Connectivity Restoration Technique(ECRT)for Wireless Sensor Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第10期69卷 1003-1019页

作者： Mahmood ul Hassan Shahzad Ali Khalid Mahmood Muhammad Kashif Saeed Amin Al-Awady kamran Javed Ansar Munir Shah Department of Computer Skills Preparatory yearNajran UniversityNajran66241Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Jouf UniversityTubarjal74769Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Science and ArtsKing Khalid UniversityMahayil Asir63317Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Community College Mahayil AsirKing Khalid UniversityMahayil63718Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering National University of Technology(NUTECH)Islamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science Institute of Southern PunjabMultan60000Pakistan

Node failure in Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)is a fundamental problem because WSNs operate in hostile *** failure of nodes leads to network partitioning that may compromise the basic operation of the sensor *** deal with such situations,a rapid recovery mechanism is required for restoring inter-node *** to the immense importance and need for a recovery mechanism,several different approaches are proposed in the ***,the proposed approaches have shortcomings because they do not focus on energy-efficient operation and coverage-aware mechanisms while performing connectivity ***,most of these approaches rely on the excessive mobility of nodes for restoration connectivity that affects both coverage and energy *** paper proposes a novel technique called ECRT(Efficient Connectivity Restoration Technique).This technique is capable of restoring connectivity due to single and multiple node *** achieves energy efficiency by transmitting a minimal number of control *** is also coverage-aware as it relocates minimal nodes while trying to restore *** the help of extensive simulations,it is proven that ECRT is effective in connectivity restoration for single and multiple node *** also show that ECRT exchanges a much smaller number of packets than other ***,it also yields the least reduction in field coverage,proving its versatility for connectivity restoration.

关键词： Cut-vertex failure recovery network connectivity node relocation wireless sensor network node failures

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Nitrogen management improves lodging resistance and production in maize(Zea mays L.)at a high plant density

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第2期22卷 417-433页

作者： Irshad AHMAD Maksat BATYRBEK Khushnuma IKRAM Shakeel AHMAD Muhammad kamran Misbah Raham Sher KHAN HOU Fu-jiang HAN Qing-fang Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage Science in North-Western Loess Plateau Ministry of Agriculture/College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems/Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Engineering Research Center of Grassland IndustryMinistry of Education/College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730020P.R.China Department of Biotechnology Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan 23200Pakistan

Lodging in maize leads to yield losses *** this study,we determined the effects of traditional and optimized nitrogen management strategies on culm morphological characteristics,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,root growth,lodging percentage and production in maize at a high plant *** compared a traditional nitrogen(N)application rate of 300 kg ha–1(R)and an optimized N application rate of 225 kg ha^(–1)(O)under four N application modes:50%of N applied at sowing and 50%at the 10th-leaf stage(N1);100%of N applied at sowing(N2);40%of N applied at sowing,40%at the 10th-leaf stage and 20%at tasseling stage(N3);and 30%of N applied at sowing,30%at the 10th-leaf stage,20%at the tasseling stage,and 20%at the silking stage(N4).The optimized N rate(225 kg ha^(–1))significantly reduced internode lengths,plant height,ear height,center of gravity height and lodging *** optimized N rate significantly increased internode diameters,filling degrees,culm mechanical strength,root growth and lignin *** application of N in four split doses(N4)significantly improved culm morphological characteristics,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,and root growth,while it reduced internode lengths,plant height,ear height,center of gravity height and lodging *** diameters,filling degrees,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,number and diameter of brace roots,root volume,root dry weight,bleeding safe and grain yield were significantly negatively correlated with plant height,ear height,center of gravity height,internode lengths and lodging *** conclusion,treatment ON4 significantly reduced the lodging percentage by improving the culm morphological characteristics,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,and root growth,so it improved the production of the maize crop at a high plant density.

关键词： high plant density lodging resistance maize nitrogen rates nitrogen application modes

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Recent advances in spinel-type electrocatalysts for bifunctional oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第2期30卷 290-302,I0010页

作者： Xiao-Meng Liu Xiaoyang Cui kamran Dastafkan Hao-Fan Wang Cheng Tang Chuan Zhao Aibing Chen Chuanxin He Minghan Han Qiang Zhang Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Chemistry The University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia AIST-Kyoto University Chemical Energy Materials Open Innovation Laboratory(ChEM-OIL) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST)YoshidaSakyo-kuKyoto 606-8501Japan School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering Hebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang 050018HebeiChina Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518061GuangdongChina

The demand for efficient and environmentally-benign electrocatalysts that help availably harness the renewable energy resources is growing rapidly. In recent years, increasing insights into the design of water electrolysers, fuel cells, and metal–air batteries emerge in response to the need for developing sustainable energy carriers, in which the oxygen evolution reaction and the oxygen reduction reaction play key roles. However, both reactions suffer from sluggish kinetics that restricts the reactivity. Therefore, it is vital to probe into the structure of the catalysts to exploit high-performance bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts. Spinel-type catalysts are a class of materials with advantages of versatility, low toxicity, low expense, high abundance, flexible ion arrangement, and multivalence structure. In this review, we afford a basic overview of spinel-type materials and then introduce the relevant theoretical principles for electrocatalytic activity, following that we shed light on the structure–property relationship strategies for spinel-type catalysts including electronic structure, microstructure, phase and composition regulation,and coupling with electrically conductive supports. We elaborate the relationship between structure and property, in order to provide some insights into the design of spinel-type bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts.

关键词： Spinel electrocatalyst Bifunctional energy electrocatalysis Oxygen evolution reaction Oxygen reduction reaction Structure–property relationship

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A Particle Swarm Optimization Based Deep Learning Model for Vehicle Classification

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第1期40卷 223-235页

作者： Adi Alhudhaif Ammar Saeed Talha Imran Muhammad kamran Ahmed S.Alghamdi Ahmed O.Aseeri Shtwai Alsubai Department of Computer Science College of Computer Engineering and Sciences in Al-KharjPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityP.O.Box 151Al-Kharj11942Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadWah Cantt47010Pakistan University of Jeddah College of Computer Science and Engineering Department of CybersecurityJeddah21959Saudi Arabia

Image classification is a core field in the research area of image proces-sing and computer vision in which vehicle classification is a critical *** purpose of vehicle categorization is to formulate a compact system to assist in real-world problems and applications such as security,traffic analysis,and self-driving and autonomous *** recent revolution in the field of machine learning and artificial intelligence has provided an immense amount of support for image processing related problems and has overtaken the conventional,and handcrafted means of solving image analysis *** this paper,a combina-tion of pre-trained CNN GoogleNet and a nature-inspired problem optimization scheme,particle swarm optimization(PSO),was employed for autonomous vehi-cle *** model was trained on a vehicle image dataset obtained from Kaggle that has been suitably *** trained model was classified using several classifiers;however,the Cubic SVM(CSVM)classifier was found to out-perform the others in both time consumption and accuracy(94.8%).The results obtained from empirical evaluations and statistical tests reveal that the model itself has shown to outperform the other related models not only in terms of accu-racy(94.8%)but also in terms of training time(82.7 s)and speed prediction(380 obs/sec).

关键词： Vehicle classification intelligent transport system deep learning constrained machine learning particle swarm optimization CNN GoogleNet

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Temperature dependent phonon modes and ionicity of LiGaO_2 single crystal

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Chinese Physics B 2008年第9期17卷 3313-3317页

作者：马继云方煦 M. kamran 赵华英毕聪志赵柏儒邱祥冈 National Laboratory for Superconductivity Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics

This paper reports that polarized far-infrared reflectivity measurements have been done on LiGaO2 single crystal along two crystalline taxes at different temperatures. The temperature dependent frequencies of the longitudinal and transverse optical phonon have been obtained from the real part of optical conductivity and the loss function respectively. A small Drude component is observed at frequency below 300 cm^-1 which could arise from Li ions or oxygen deficiencies. The ionicity of LiGaO2 has been studied from the analysis of the Born effective charge of different ions.

关键词： infrared optical conductivity LiGaO2 single crystal phonon

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