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Effect of canopy gap size and ecological factors on species diversity and beech seedlings in managed beech stands in Hyrcanian forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2012年第2期23卷 217-222页

作者： kambiz Abrari Vajari Hamid Jalilvand Mohammad Reza Pourmajidian kambiz espahbodi Alireza Moshki Faculty of Natural Resources Sari Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources University Iran Research Center in Agricultural and Natural Resources of Mazandaran Province Sari Iran Soil science of temperate and boreal ecosystems Institute Faculty of forest science and forest ecology Georg-August University of Goettingen Germany

We studied the species diversity of the herb layer and ecological factors in harvest-created gaps in beech stands under a single-tree selection system in Northern Iran. To determine diversity, the number of beech seedlings, and other ecological factors, 16 gaps were selected and subplots of 5 m2 were positioned at the centre and at the cardinal points of each gap. Species richness and Simpson diversity index increased with increasing gap area as did numbers of seedlings. With increasing humus layer thickness, species richness declined but the Hill evenness index increased. Species richness increased with increasing light availability. There was no relationship between crown radii of beech trees and diversity indices. Correlations between environmental factors and numbers of individuals of some species in the herb layer were not significant except in a few cases. The results help explain the effects of man-made gaps on the dynamics of managed beech stands and this benefits evaluation of silvicultural operating plans.

关键词： beech gap herbaceous species diversity Hyrcanian for- ests

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The effect of single-tree selction system on soil properties in an oriental beech stand of Hyrcanian forest, north of Iran

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Journal of Forestry Research 2011年第4期22卷 591-596页

作者： kambiz Abrari Vajari Hamid Jalilvand Mohammad Reza Pourmajidian kambiz espahbodi Alireza Moshki Academic member of Agriculture Faculty Lorestan University Ph. D candidate of Forestry Faculty of Natural Resources Sari Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources University Iran Forestry Department Faculty of Natural Resources Sari Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources University Iran Research Center in Agricultural and Natural Resources of Mazandaran Province Sari Iran Ph.D candidate Soil science of temperate and boreal ecosystems Institute Faculty of forest science and forest ecology Georg-August university of Goettingen zip code:37077 Germany

A case study was conducted in beech forests of northern Iran to determine the effect of the created gaps on some soil properties in beech stand. Changes of soil properties in small （60-150 mE）, medium （151-241 mE）, large （242-332 m^2） and very large （333-550 m^2） gaps, as well as under closed stands were studied eight years after-the gap creation. Soil samples were taken from three depths, 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm. The gaps were different from their around undisturbed stands in terms of the following soil parameters： Mg^＋2 concentration of 0-10 cm at medium gap size, bulk density of 10-20 cm at very large gap size as well as K^＋ and Ca^＋2 concentrations at 20-30 cm at small and large gap sizes, respectively. Furthermore, the size of the gaps had no effect on soil characteristics through the whole profile. Water saturation percent （Sp %） at 0-10cm as well as P and Mg^＋2 at 20--30 cm was different amongst undisturbed stands around different gap sizes. The center and the edges of the gap were different only in terms of organic carbon at the depth of 10-20 cm. Significant differences were observed between gaps and closed canopy regarding P and Ca^＋2 at depth 0--10 cm and 10-20 cm, respectively. It can be concluded that applied silvicultural system for harvesting trees which created these gaps might be suitable for conservation and forest management in the region.

关键词： gap soil Fagus orientalis single-tree selection system northern lran

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