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Chinese Medicine 2024年第3期15卷 35-48页

作者： kam ming ko Hoi Yan Leung Division of Life Science Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Hong Kong SAR China

Aging and death are unavoidable in life. While immortality may be impossible, many people dream of living a long and healthy life. Throughout history, humans have searched for ways to stay young, but have not found an effective way. This may be because the methods used do not target the causes of aging directly. To address this, we investigated how to delay aging using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine approaches. In this article, we will explain the causes of aging in the context of TCM and Western medicine and suggest methods to delay it. By integrating TCM and Western medicine, I hope to help everyone age healthily and enjoy a long life.

关键词： Aging Traditional Chinese Medicine Zang Xiang System Zheng Qi Western Medicine Mitochondria Mitophagy Senolytics Glutathione Antioxidant Response

How Schisandrae Fructus Benefits the Body: Mechanisms in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Modern Medicine

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Chinese Medicine 2024年第3期15卷 75-81页

作者： kam ming ko Hoi Yan Leung Division of Life Science Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Hong Kong SAR China

Schisandrae chinensis Fructus (SF) is a commonly used herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). According to TCM theory, SF can invigorate Qi in the liver and other visceral organs through the meridian system. Furthermore, the liver’s pivotal role in regulating the functions of various visceral organs helps explain how SF can promote holistic health benefits. The main active ingredient of SF, schisandrin B (Sch B), has been found to improve mitochondrial ATP production and enhance glutathione redox status in multiple organs. This could account for the overall protective effects of Sch B on organs. Due to its stronger impact on liver function, the positive influence of Sch B on different organs may be facilitated by signal molecules originating from the liver.

关键词： Schisandrae chinensis Fructus Schisandrin B Mitochondrial Glutathione Redox Status Liver

The Essential Role of Zheng Qi in Promoting Health: From the Perspective of Chinese Medicine and Modern Medicine

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Chinese Medicine 2024年第2期15卷 27-33页

作者： kam ming ko Hoi Yan Leung Division of Life Science Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Hong Kong SAR China

The concept of Zheng Qi in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) refers to the vital energy produced by the interaction of Yin and Yang forces in the body. Zheng Qi performs two main functions: Wei Qi (defensive Qi), which shields the body from external pathogens, and Ying Qi (nutritive Qi), which sustains the internal organs and enhances their functionality. In TCM, Chinese tonifying herbs can help restore the balance of Yin/Yang and Qi/Blood function in visceral organs (i.e., optimal physiological functions), thereby fostering the efficient production of Zheng Qi and enhancing health. To ensure the quality of Chinese herbal products, functional assays to measure Yin/Yang, Qi/Blood functions, and Zheng Qi production should be implemented. The efficacy of Yang and Qi herbs can be evaluated by their ability to increase mitochondrial ATP in cultured mouse cardiomyocytes, while Yin and Blood herbs are tested through their immunostimulatory effects on antigen-induced T/B cell proliferation in mouse splenocytes and the production of erythropoietin/nitric oxide in hepatocytes/vascular endothelial cells, respectively. Additionally, Zheng Qi’s effect can be gauged by examining natural killer cell activity and antigen-induced T/B cell proliferation in mice ex vivo. These assays act as biomarkers for assessing the quality and effectiveness of herbal health products within TCM theory.

关键词： Traditional Chinese Medicine Zheng Qi Immunity Biomarkers Functional Assays

Pharmacological Investigation on the Qi-Invigorating Action of Schisandrin B: Effects on Mitochondrial ATP Generation in Multiple Tissues and Innate/Adaptive Immunity in Mice

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Chinese Medicine 2024年第2期15卷 15-26页

作者： Hoi Yan Leung Suen Chit Sze kam ming ko Division of Life Science Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Hong Kong SAR China

Schisandrae Fructus, containing schisandrin B (Sch B) as its main active component, is recognized in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for its Qi-invigorating properties in the five visceral organs. Our laboratory has shown that the Qi-invigorating action of Chinese tonifying herbs is linked to increased mitochondrial ATP generation and an enhancement in mitochondrial glutathione redox status. To explore whether Sch B can exert Qi-invigorating actions across various tissues, we investigated the effects of Sch B treatment on mitochondrial ATP generation and glutathione redox status in multiple mouse tissues ex vivo. In line with TCM theory, which posits that Zheng Qi generation relies on the Qi function of the visceral organs, we also examined Sch B’s impact on natural killer cell activity and antigen-induced splenocyte proliferation, both serving as indirect measures of Zheng Qi. Our findings revealed that Sch B treatment consistently enhanced mitochondrial ATP generation and improved mitochondrial glutathione redox status in mouse tissues. This boost in mitochondrial function was associated with stimulated innate and adaptive immune responses, marked by increased natural killer cell activity and antigen-induced T/B cell proliferation, potentially through the increased generation of Zheng Qi.

关键词： Zheng Qi Schisandrin B Mitochondria ATP Generation Glutathione Redox Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity Natural Killer Cell Activity Splenocyte Proliferation

High doses of bifendate elevate serum and hepatic triglyceride levels in rabbits and mice: animal models of acute hypertriglyceridemia

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2006年第6期27卷 673-678页

作者： kam-ming ko China Clear Water Bay Department of Biochemistry Hong kong University of Science & Technology

Aim:To investigate the effects of bifendate on serum and hepatic lipids level inrabbits and ***:Animals were administered bifendate[powdered pillsuspended in 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose(CMC)]at increasing doses(0.25-1 g/kg,ig).Blood lipid and apolipoprotein levels were measured usingcommercially available assay ***:The treatment of rabbits with a singledose of bifendate(0.3 g/kg)caused a time-dependent and biphasic change inserum triglyceride(TG)levels,with the value reaching a maximum(3-fold increasecompared to the baseline value)between 24 and 36 h *** micewere orally treated with bifendate(0.25-1 g/kg),serum TG levels increased by39%-76% and 14%-39% at 24 and 48 h post-dosing,*** given atdaily doses of 0.25 and 1 g/kg for 4d,bifendate increased serum TG levels(56%-79%),with concomitant elevations in apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein Blevels at 24 h after the last *** levels were also increased(11%—43%)inliver samples of mice receiving single or multiple doses of ***,bifendate treatment caused slight reductions in serum and hepatic total choles-terol levels(9%-13%).The hypertriglyceridemia induced by bifendate was ame-liorated by fenofibrate but not inositol nicotinate treatment in ***:The findings suggest that bifendate treatment at high oral doses can cause anacute elevation in serum and hepatic TG levels.

关键词： bifendate fenofibrate inositol nicotinate triglycerides total cholesterol acute hypertriglyceridemia

Schisandrin B decreases the sensitivity of mitochondria to calcium ioninduced permeability transition and protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat hearts

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第10期28卷 1559-1565页

作者： Po-yee CHIU Hoi-yan LEUNG Ada HL SIU Michel KTPOON kam-ming ko Department of Biochemistry Hong kong University of Science and Technology Hong kong SAR China

Aim:In order to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the cardioprotectionafforded by schisandrin B （Sch B）,the effect of Sch B treatment on the sensitivityof mitochondria to Ca2+-stimulated permeability transition （PT） was investigatedin rat hearts under normal and ischemia-reperfusion （I-R） ***:Myocardial I-R injury caused an increase in the sensitivity of mitochondria toCa2+-stimulated PT in *** enhanced sensitivity to mitochondrial PT wasassociated with increases in mitochondrial Ca2+content as well as the extent ofreactive oxidant species production in vitro and cytochrome c release in *** cardioprotection afforded by Sch B pretreatment against I-R-induced injurywas paralleled by the decrease in the sensitivity of myocardial mitochondria toCa2+-stimulated PT,particularly under I-R ***:The resultssuggest that Sch B treatment increases the resistance of myocardial mitochondriato Ca2+-stimulated PT and protects against I-R-induced tissue injury.

关键词： schisandrin B mitochondria permeability transition calcium myocardial ischemiareperfusion

Differential Effects of Yin- and Yang-Chinese Tonifying Herbs on Innate and Adaptive Immunity

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Chinese Medicine 2023年第2期14卷 68-78页

作者： Hoi Yan Leung kam ming ko Division of Life Science Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Hong Kong China

The present study investigated the effect of treatment with methanolic extracts of Yin- and Yang-Chinese tonifying herbs on concanavalin A (Con A)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated splenocyte proliferation (adaptive immunity) and natural killer (NK) cell activity (innate immunity) in an ex vivo mouse model. The results indicated that while treatment with most Yin herbal extracts potentiated the Con A/LPS-stimulated splenocyte proliferation, only Yang (but not Yin) herbal extracts stimulated NK cell activity. The differential effects of Yin- and Yang-Chinese tonifying herbs on innate and adaptive immunity are consistent with the Chinese medicine theory which depicts the Yin and Yang functional components of Zheng Qi (vital energy), with the Yang component being responsible for the first line of defense against invading microorganisms (i.e., innate immunity) and the Yin oner serving as a follow-up defensive response (adaptive immunity).

关键词： Yin Yang Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity Natural Killer Cell Activity Splenocyte Proliferation

Cell-Based Biological Markers for Blood-Enriching Chinese Herbs: Erythropoietin Production in HepG2 Cells and Nitric Oxide Release in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs)

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Chinese Medicine 2023年第2期14卷 57-67页

作者： Hoi Yan Leung kam ming ko Division of Life Science Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Hong Kong China

Chinese tonifying herbs, which are classified into four functional categories (namely, Yang, Qi, Yin, Blood) are commonly used for restoring normal body function and the prevention of diseases. To explore cell-based biological markers for Blood-enriching Chinese herbs, we investigate the effect of 11 commonly used Blood-enriching herbs on erythropoietin (EPO) production in HepG2 cells. Herbs for nourishing Yin were tested for determining the specificity of Blood-enriching herbs in inducing EPO production. In addition, the effects of Blood-enriching herbs on nitric oxide (NO) production in both HepG2 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were also investigated. The results indicated that methanolic extracts of Blood-enriching herbs (but not Yin-nourishing herbs) showed characteristic pharmacological activity in inducing EPO production in HepG2 cells and NO release in HUVECs. The experimental findings, therefore, support the use of cell-based EPO production and NO release as biological markers for Blood-enriching Chinese tonifying herbs.

关键词： Blood-Enriching Chinese Herbs Erythropoietin Nitric Oxide

A novel mouse model of combined hyperlipidemia associated with fatty liver and steatohepatitis generated by schisandrin B/cholesterol/bile salt suspended in olive oil

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A novel mouse model of combined hyperlipidemia associated wi...

Spleen Function and Anxiety in Chinese Medicine: A Western Medicine Perspective

第二届世界天然药物和传统药物药理学学术会议

作者： kam-ming ko Division of Life Science Hong Kong University of Science & Technology

AIM To create a novel mouse model of combined hyperlipidemia using a modeling agent(MA) made of a mixture of schisandrin B,cholesterol and bile salt(1,2 and 0.5 g·kg ) suspended in olive oil 20 ml·*** Mice were given a single dose of MA via intragastric *** biomarkers and hepatic lipids as well as hepatic weight were determined at 12,24, 48,72,96,or 120 h following the administration of *** Results showed that MA treatment increased serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol(TC)(up to 422 and 100%at 12 -96 h post-treatment,respectively) and hepatic TG and TC(up to 220 and 26%at 12 - 120 h post-treatment,respectively) in a time- and dose-dependent ***,MA treatment elevated the serum high density lipoprotein and low density ***,serum alanine/aspartate aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity was elevated(up to 198 and 64%,respectively) at 48 and 72 h post-MA *** index,were increased(up to 66%) at 24 - 120 h post-MA *** pretreatment(0.1 g·kg for 4 d) reduced serum TG and TC levels as well as hepatic TG content in MA-treated ***,the combined treatment with MA and fenofibrate showed an increase in liver weight(up to 139%) in an additive *** Oral administration of a mixture of schisandrin B,cholesterol and bile salt could generate an interesting mouse model of combined hyperlipidemia associated with hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis.

关键词： hyerlipidemia fatty liver hepatomegaly steatohepatitis Schisandrin B fenofibrate

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Chinese Medicine 2016年第3期7卷 110-123页

作者： Yin Kwan Chung Jihang Chen kam ming ko Division of Life Science Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong China

This article aims to illustrate the function of the Spleen in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in the context of modern medicine. TCM has been practiced since ancient times in China for the prevention and/or treatment of diseases. Yet, the complete understanding of its theoretical basis in relation to clinical practice from the modern medicine perspective is still lacking. According to TCM theory, the Spleen, as one of the five Zang (i.e., visceral organs), plays an important role in various physiological functions, including digestion and absorption of nutrients, regulation of water retention and excretion, facilitation of blood perfusion to skeletal muscle and on the optimal functioning of the immune system. Clinical applications of herbal formulations for the treatment of Spleen dysfunction (i.e., Spleen deficiency—a decline in Spleen function) and their pharmacological activities are described. The view point of TCM on how emotions (or Qing Zhi) can influence the body function is introduced. The relationship between anxiety and Spleen function has been analyzed by reviewing relevant research studies in modern medicine. These findings suggest that the cause/consequence relationship between anxiety and Spleen function may be bi-directional.

关键词： TCM Theory Spleen Function Anxiety