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Antimicrobial Drug Resistance and Plasmid Profiles of <i>Salmonella</i>Isolates from Humans and Foods of Animal Origin in Uganda

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2012年第4期2卷 151-155页

作者： kalule j. bosco Deogratius H. Kaddu-Mulindwa Benon B. Asiimwe Department of Medical Microbiology College of Health Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Microbiology College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity Makerere University Kampala Uganda

Salmonella organisms are among the most common causes of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and food animals are important reservoirs of these bacteria. A further danger lies in the development of drug resistance in these organisms, primarily driven by non-prudent overuse of antiinfectives. The current study compared the plasmid profiles and drug susceptibility patterns of Salmonella isolates from man and foods of animal origin in Uganda. A total of 92 Salmonella isolates (58 from man and 34 from foods of animal origin) were analyzed. Identification was done by using biochemical tests;plasmid profiling by agarose gel electrophoresis while susceptibility testing to tetracycline, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and tetracycline were done by the Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion method. Among the human isolates, 57/58 (98.3%, 95% CI, 91.8% - 99.9%) were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin compared to 32/34 (94.1%, 95% CI, 81.9% - 91%) of animal-derived isolates. On the other hand, 48/58 (82.7%, 95% CI, 71.4% - 91%) human-derived isolates were resistant to Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole compared to 29/34(85.3%) of the animal-derived isolates. Fifty four percent (n = 50) of the all the isolates were resistant to at least three antibiotics whereas only 2.2% (n = 2) were susceptible to all the seven drugs tested. Most worrying, however, was the fact that only 45% percent of the isolates were sensitive to all the three drugs (chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin) commonly used in the treatment of salmonellosis in this setting. The risk of ampicillin resistance was three times more likely to occur in animal-derived as compared to human-derived isolates (Odds Ratio = 2.705, 95% CI, 1.3 - 5.8) as was that to nalidixic acid (Odds Ratio = 2.895, 95% CI, 1.17 - 7.2). Plasmid profile analysis showed eight clusters comprising of 68.7% (46/67) of the isolates. In five of the eight clusters, there were both

关键词： Salmonella Antimicrobial Resistance Plasmid Profiling Uganda

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Traditional Healer’s Medicinal Practice Survey and Clinical Evidence Assessment of “YIKI”: An Antimalarial Phytomedicine Recipe from Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2024年第7期15卷 248-267页

作者： Zachari Kabre Rakiswende Serge Yerbanga Aminata Fofana Roland Nâg-Tiero Meda Anyirekun Fabrice Some Alassane Haro Natacha A. j. A. Boro Fazhira B. Ye Benj.min Kouliga Koama Sami Eric Kam Eliasse Zongo Hadidj.tou Belèm Windmi Kagambèga Florence Fournet Georges A. Ouedraogo j.an-bosco Ouedraogo Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant Direction Rgionale de lOuest Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Recherche et dEnseignement en Sant et Biotechnologies Animales Universit Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institut des Sciences et Techniques Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Recherche en Bactriologie INSP/Centre MURAZ Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Maladies Infectueuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie Gntique Evolution et Contrle (MIVEGEC) Institut de Recherche pour le Dveloppement Universit de Monpellier Montpellier France

YIKI is an antimalarial phytomedicine used by a traditional healer to treat malaria in Bobo-Dioulasso. However, there is no scientific evidence to support its use by local populations. The aim of this study was to identify the medicinal practices of the healer holder of YIKI and assess the clinical evidence of its phytomedicine in the uncomplicated malaria treatment. Ethnomedical survey based on a semi-structured and open questionnaire was conducted from October to December 2019 with the healer. Malaria knowledge and diagnosis methods, patient treatment and monitoring, and recipe formulation steps were surveyed. Moreover, thick and thin blood smears were taken, haemoglobin levels and temperature of consenting patients were measured before treatment, mid-treatment and at the end of treatment. The survey revealed that the healer has a good knowledge of malaria symptoms and his diagnosis is based on observation and physical examination of patients. The healer’s malaria diagnosis was rudimentary and had accuracy problems, with only 62.79% of malaria cases confirmed by microscopy. The formulation of YIKI and its use to treat malaria follow a standard process for plant harvesting, powder quantities and posology, but do not use any reproducible parameters for dose adj.stment. Forty-three patients diagnosed and treated by the healer participated in the study. Laboratory results revealed 27 Plasmodium falciparum infection cases, including 2 with parasitaemia ≥ 200,000 p/µl blood. 25 patients were selected for therapeutic evidence assessment. There was a 48% elimination of parasites, a 28% parasitaemia decrease without complete cure, with gametocytogenesis in some patients, and a 24% parasitaemia increase. Haemoglobin and temperature results suggested that YIKI was not cytotoxic and reduced fever. Encouraging preliminary results have been obtained, but in view of the low number of patients, further YIKI efficacy and toxicity studies will be necessary for patient safety.

关键词： Antimalarial-Phytomedicine Efficacy Traditional Practices Bobo-Dioulasso

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Modeling and Control of Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using Sea-Lion Optimization

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第2期35卷 1441-1454页

作者： j.Leon bosco Raj.M.Marsaline Beno Department of EEE St.Xavier’s Catholic College of EngineeringChunkankadaiAnna UniversityChennaiIndia St.Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering ChunkankadaiAnna UniversityChennaiIndia

This paper develops a parallel hybrid electric vehicle(PHEV)propor-tional integral controller with driving *** improve fuel efﬁciency and reduce hazardous emissions in hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs)combine an electric motor(EM),a battery and an internal combustion engine(ICE).The electric motor assists the engine when accelerating,driving longer highways or climbing *** enables the use of a smaller,more efﬁcient *** also makes use of the concept of regenerative braking to maximize energy efﬁ*** a Hybrid Electric Vehicle(HEV),energy dissipated while braking is utilized to charge the *** proportional integral controller was used in this paper to analyze engine,motor performance and the New European Driving Cycle(NEDC)was used in the vehicle driving test using Matlab/*** proportional integral controllers were designed to track the desired vehicle speed and manage the vehi-cle’s energyﬂ*** Sea Lion Optimization(SLnO)methods were created to reduce fuel consumption in a parallel hybrid electric vehicle and the results were obtained for the New European Driving Cycle.

关键词： Hybrid electric vehicle(HEV) proportional integral controller parallel HEV fuel efﬁciency new European driving cycle(NEDC) sea lion optimization(SLnO)

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Watershed management index based on the village watershed model (VWM) approach towards sustainability

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2020年第1期8卷 35-46页

作者： Ignatius Sriyana j.G.De Gij. Sri Kumala Parahyangsari j.hn bosco Niyomukiza Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringDiponegoro UniversitySemarangIndonesia Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Flood Risk Delft University of Technology TUNetherlands Member of the Watershed Coordination Forum in Central j.va Province Central JavaIndonesia Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringNdejje UniversityUganda

In the current study,we examine the Indonesian government's watershed management program,which was established in *** 2005,the Coordination Team for Rescue of Water Resources(CTRWR)was established to execute the program on a national ***,at the time,field implementation was a sectoral interest due to the lack of program *** this end,the Indonesian government pro-moted integrated watershed management in 2009,which since then has been implemented by all stakeholders(in Top-Down management form),with application limited to preparing and planning *** is mainly driven by the stakeholders'lack of understanding with regard to watershed systems as integrated management *** implementation results have not yet been realized,including the promotion of community-based watershed management(through Bottom-Up manage-ment).The purpose of our research was to determine the index numbers by measuring the level of cooperation between watershed management workers based on the Village Watershed Model(VWM)specifically surface water which includes six variables:planning,participation,institutional,fund sharing,gender,and management *** method used was an ordinal measure with the Likert *** data showed successful watershed management,in which five of the six VWM varia-bles—planning,participation,institutional,fund sharing,and management systems—were in the"good"category with indices ranging from 73.08 to *** gender variable index(69.12)was in the"me-dium"category.

关键词： Management Index Village watershed Model Sustainability

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Beyond monogenetic rare variants:tackling the low rate of genetic diagnoses in predominantly antibody deficiency

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第3期18卷 588-603页

作者： Emily S.j.Edwards j.lian j.bosco Samar Oj.imi Robyn E.O’Hehir Menno C.van Zelm Department of Immunology and Pathology Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia The j.ffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies MelbourneVICAustralia Department of Allergy Immunology and Respiratory MedicineCentral Clinical SchoolMonash University and AllergyAsthma and Clinical Immunology ServiceAlfred HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia Department of Infectious Diseases Monash HealthClaytonVICAustralia Centre for Inflammatory Diseases Monash HealthClaytonVICAustralia Department of Allergy and Immunology Monash HealthClaytonVICAustralia

Predominantly antibody deficiency(PAD)is the most prevalent form of primary immunodeficiency,and is characterized by broad clinical,immunological and genetic *** the current gold standard of whole exome sequencing for diagnosis,pathogenic gene variants are only identified in less than 20% of *** elucidation of the causal genes underlying PAD has provided many insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning disease pathogenesis,many other genes may remain as yet undefined to enable definitive diagnosis,prognostic monitoring and targeted therapy of *** that many patients display a relatively late onset of disease presentation in their 2^(nd) or 3^(rd) decade of life,it is questionable whether a single genetic lesion underlies disease in all ***,combined effects of other gene variants and/or non-genetic factors,including specific infections can drive disease *** this review,we define(1)the clinical and immunological variability of PAD,(2)consider how genetic defects identified in PAD have given insight into B-cell immunobiology,(3)address recent technological advances in genomics and the challenges associated with identifying causal variants,and(4)discuss how functional validation of variants of unknown significance could potentially be translated into increased diagnostic rates,improved prognostic monitoring and personalized medicine for PAD patients.A multidisciplinary approach will be the key to curtailing the early mortality and high morbidity rates in this immune disorder.

关键词： Predominantly antibody deficiency Genetic diagnosis Genomics Functional validation

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Contribution of j.int experiments on small tokamaks in the framework of IAEA coordinated research proj.cts to mainstream fusion research

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Plasma Science and Technology 2020年第5期22卷 25-34页

作者： M GRYAZNEVICH j.SToCKEL G VAN OOST E DEL bosco V SVOBODA A MELNIKOV R KAMENDj. A MALAQUIAS G MANK R MIKLASZEWSKI the IAEA CRP j.s Teams Tokamak Energy Ltd Milton ParkOxon OX144SDUnited Kingdom Faculty of Nuclear Phys.and Phys.Eng. Czech Technical University11519 Prague 1Czech Republic Dep.of Applied Physics Ghent University9000 GhentBelgium INPE São Josédos Campos 12227-010Brazil National Research Centre‘Kurchatov Institute’ 123182 MoscowRussia National Research Nuclear University(MEPhI) 115409 MoscowRussia EUROfusion 85748 GarchingGermany Dep.Physics Instituto Superior TécnicoUniv.de Lisboa1049-001 LisbonPortugal National Research University‘Moscow Power Eng.Institute'(MPEI) 111250 MoscowRussia j.N j.licher Entsorgungsgesellschaft für Nuklearanlagen mbH 116052412 JülichGermany Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion 01-497 WarsawPoland IAEA NAPS Physics Section VIC P.O.Box 100 A-1400 ViennaAustria

j.int experiments(j.s)on small tokamaks have been regularly performed between 2005 and 2015 under the framework of the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)coordinated research proj.cts(CRPs).This paper describes the background and the rationale for these experiments,how they were organized and executed,main areas of research covered during these experiments,main results,contributions to mainstream fusion research,and discusses lessons learned and outcomes from these *** underline several of the most important scientific outputs and also specific outputs in the education of young scientists and scientists from developing countries and their importance.

关键词： small tokamaks j.int experiments IAEA CRP education and training turbulence geodesic acoustic mode

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Versus—A tool for evaluating visualizations and image quality using a 2AFC methodology

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Visual Informatics 2018年第4期2卷 225-234页

作者： j.nny Vuong Sandeep Kaur j.lian Heinrich bosco K.Ho Christopher j.Hammang Benedetta F.Baldi Seán I.O’Donoghue CSIRO Data61Australia Garvan Institute of Medical Research Australia University of New South Wales Australia University of Tübingen Germany University of Sydney Australia

Novel visualization methods and strategies are necessary to cope with the deluge of datasets present in any scientific field to make discoveries and find answers to previously unanswered *** methods and strategies should not only present scientific findings as images in a concise way but also need to be effective and expressive,which often remain ***,we present Versus,a tool to enable easy image quality assessment and image ranking,utilizing a two-alternative forced choice methodology(2AFC)and an efficient ranking algorithm based on a binary *** tool provides a systematic way of setting up evaluation experiments via the web without the necessity to install any additional software or require any programming ***,Versus can easily interface with crowdsourcing platforms,such as Amazon’s Mechanical Turk,or can be used as a stand-alone system to carry out evaluations with *** demonstrate the use of Versus by means of an image evaluation study,aiming to determine if hue,saturation,brightness,and texture are good indicators of uncertainty in three-dimensional protein *** from the power of crowdsourcing,we argue that there is demand and also great potential for this tool to become a standard for simple and fast image evaluations,with the aim to test the effectiveness and expressiveness of scientific visualizations.

关键词： Evaluation Visualization Visual analytics Image comparison Crowdsourcing Evaluation methods 2AFC Image evaluation Tool Visualization evaluation

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Optimization of Process Conditions for the Development of Tomato Foam by Box-Behnken Design

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第7期3卷 925-930页

作者： S. Balasubramanian G. Paridhi j. D. bosco D. M. Kadam Central University Pondicherry Pudu-cherry-605014 India Central University Pondicherry Puducherry-605014 India Principal Scientist Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering Bhopal-462 038 India Senior Scientist Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology Ludhiana-141 004 India

The present work aims to optimize the foaming conditions for tomato j.ice using three level Box-Behnken Experimental Design of Response surface Methodology. In the following study three process parameters namely concentration of egg albumin (EA) as foaming agent, Carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) as foam stabilizer and whipping time (WT) was optimized. The levels for various input variables were EA: 5% - 15%, CMC: 0.10% - 0.60% & WT: 3 - 7 min. The responses measured were expansion volume (EV), foam density (FD) and drainage volume (DV) which are an indication of foaming ability and foam stability. The predicted levels of responses as generated by software were EV: 91.49%, FD: 0.558 g/cc & DV: 10 ml, which on validation was found closer to experimental value.

关键词： Foaming Tomato j.ice Response Surface Methodology Box Behnken Design Expansion Volume Foam Density

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Genotype-environment interaction in Cordia trichotoma(Vell.)Arrá*** *** in two different soil conditions

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j.urnal of Forestry Research 2022年第1期33卷 309-319页

作者： Wanderley dos Santos Bruno Marchetti de Souza Daniele Fernanda Zulian Gilberto Terra Ribeiro Alves j.ão bosco Vasconcellos Gomes Mário Luiz Teixeira de Moraes Valderês Aparecida de Sousa Ananda Virginia de Aguiar Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira Universidade Estadual Paulista“Júlio Mesquita Filho”Ilha Solteira 15385-000Brazil Sucupira Agroflorestas Fazenda SucupiraValença 45400-000Brazil EMBRAPA Florestas Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa AgropecuáriaColombo 83411-000Brazil

Investment in silvicultural techniques is noticeably lacking,especially in breeding programs for non-conventional wood *** genotype×environment interaction(G×E)is essential to the development of breeding ***,this study aimed to estimate genetic diversity of and the effects of G×E interaction on two progeny tests of Cordia trichotoma,including the estimation of genetic gain and genetic diversity after *** the experiment,30 progenies of *** were tested at two sites with differing soil *** at breast height(1.30 m above soil surface,dbh-cm),total height,diameter at 30 cm from the soil,first branch height,and survival were all monitored for four *** deviance,best linear unbiased estimator,and harmonic mean of relative performance of genetic values(MHPRVG)were all calculated to predict breeding values,estimate genetic parameters,and analyze *** quantified traits varied significantly among progenies by soil type,with greatest variation recorded for genetic *** of the progenies led to predictions of genetic gain,ranging from 7.73 to 15.45%,for dbh at four years of *** calculated decrease in genetic diversity after selection showed that this parameter should be monitored in subsequent breeding cycles.G×E was low for all *** best-performing progenies proved most stable and best adapted to the different environmental conditions tested.

关键词： Effective population number Native species Productivity Stability and adaptability Tree improvement

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Cenozoic diatreme field in Chubut （Argentina） as evidence of phreatomagmatic volcanism accompanied with extensive Patagonian plateau basalt volcanism？

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Episodes 2007年第3期30卷 217-223页

作者： Karoly Nemeth Ulrike Martin Miguel j. Haller Viviana I. Alric Institute of Natural Resources Volcanic Risk Solutions M_asse_y Uniyer_sity Palmerston North New Zealand. Department of Mapping Geological Institute of Hungary Stefainia 14 Budapest H- 1143 Hungary. Geo-Zentrum an der KTB Am Bohrturm 2 92670 Windischeschenbach Germany. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonea San j.an bosco Bvard Brown 3700 （9120） Puerto Ma.dryn Argentina. Centro Nacional Patagenico-CONICET Bvard. Brown 3500 （9120） Puerto Madryn Argentina.

In Patagonia, Argentina, at the northern border of the Patagonian Cenozoic mafic plateau lava fields, newly discovered diatremes stand about I00 m above the sur- rounding plain. These diatremes document phreato- magmatic episodes associated with the formation of the volcanic fields. The identified pyroclastic and intrusive rocks are exposed lower diatremes of former phreato- magmatic volcanoes and their feeding dyke systems. These remotely located erosional remnants cut through Paleozoic granitoids and j.rassic/Cretaceous alternating siliciclastic continental successions that are rela-

关键词：新生界火山地下水湿生植物玄武岩

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