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Measuring the agricultural sustainability of India:An application of Pressure-State-Response(PSR)model

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区域可持续发展(英文) 2023年第3期4卷 218-234页

作者： Surendra Singh JATAV kalu NAIK Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow226025India India Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-National Institute of Agricultural Economics and Policy Research New Delhi110012India

Analyzing agricultural sustainability is essential for designing and assessing rural development ***,accurately measuring agricultural sustainability is complicated since it involves so many different *** study provides a new suite of quantitative indicators for assessing agricultural sustainability at regional and district levels,involving environmental sustainability,social security,and economic *** the PressureState-Response(PSR)model and indicator approach,this study creates a composite agricultural sustainability index for the 14 mainstream agro-climatic regions of *** results of this study show that the Trans-gengatic Plain Region(TgPR)ranks first in agricultural sustainability among India's 14 mainstream agro-climatic regions,while the Eastern Himalayan Region(EHR)ranks *** livestock ownership,cropping intensity,per capita income,irrigation intensity,share of institutional credit,food grain productivity,crop diversification,awareness of minimum support price,knowledge sharing with fellow farmers,and young and working population,as well as better transportation facilities and membership of agricultural credit societies are influencing indicators responsible for higher agricultural sustainability in TgPR compared with ***,the scores of environmental sustainability indicators of EHR are quite good,its scores of social and economic security indicators are fairly low,putting it at the bottom of the rank of agricultural sustainability index among the 14 mainstream agroclimatic regions in *** demonstrates the need of understanding agricultural sustainability in relation to social and economic *** a nation as diverse and complicated as India,it is the social structure that determines the health of the economy and *** but not least,the sustainability assessment methodology may be used in a variety of India's agro-climatic regions.

关键词： Indicator approach Agro-climatic region Sustainable Development goals(SDgs) Pressure-State-Response(PSR)model Environmental sustainability index Economic security index Social security index Agricultural sustainability index

Hypochlorous Acid Induces Caspase Dependent Apoptosis in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2021年第4期9卷 42-53页

作者： Nur kaluç Pinar B. Thomas Department of Medical Biology and genetics Faculty of Medicine Maltepe University Istanbul Turkey

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a strong oxidant produced by activated neutrophils via the myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme in order to fight against infections. Because of their antimicrobial and antiviral properties, stabilized HOCl solutions were produced to be used as a disinfectant and became a recommended disinfectant against COVID-19 by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Aberrant MPO enzyme activity results in abundant HOCl production which is related to the development and/or progression of several diseases including atherosclerosis, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies investigating the effect of HOCl on the mode of cell death in different cell types reported that HOCl induces both apoptosis and necrosis depending on its concentration. However, the data on the apoptotic pathway triggered by HOCl is controversial. In this study, we investigated the mode of cell death induced by different concentrations of HOCl in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our data revealed that HOCl leads to cell death within 1 minute at 170 μM and above. At 340 μM, HOCl causes a rapid necrosis, while 170 μM HOCl leads to apoptosis. HOCl-induced apoptosis is mostly caspase dependent and Aif1 doesn’t have a significant role.

关键词： Hypochlorous Acid Saccharomyces cerevisiae Viability Apoptosis

Integrated Approach to Pore Pressure and Fracture Pressure Prediction Using Well Logs: Case Study of Onshore Niger-Delta Sedimentary Basin

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Open Journal of geology 2016年第10期6卷 1279-1295页

作者： Cyril Ngozi Nwankwo Stephen Onoh kalu Department of Physics University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

This study investigated the cause of identified zones of overpressure in some selected wells in a field in the Niger Delta sedimentary basin. Two models were used each for predicting pore pressure and the corresponding fracture pressure using well log and drilling data. Shale lithology in Niger Delta is massive and characterized by high pore pressure;hence shale compaction theory is utilized in this study. The petrophysical data were evaluated using Ikon’s Science Rokdoc software. The two major pore pressure prediction techniques employed are the Eaton’s and Bowers’ models while the Eaton’s fracture pressure model and the Hubbert and Willis fracture pressure prediction models were utilized for fracture prediction. The density and sonic logs were used respectively to generate the shale trend and the shale normal compaction trend used for the prediction. The wells studied showed disequilibrium compaction of sediment to be the major mechanism that gave rise to overpressure in the Niger Delta. Clay diagenesis and fluid expansion were also observed as the secondary overpressure generation mechanism in well X-1. This secondary overpressure mechanism was observed to start approximately at depths of 10,000 ft (TVD). The top of overpressure and the pressure range in the wells studied varied from 6000 to 11,017 ft (TVD) and 1796.70 to 5297.00 psi respectively. The Eaton’s model under-predicts pore pressure at the depth interval where unloading mechanism is witnessed. Since the study revealed presence of secondary overpressure generation mechanism, Bowers model was observed to be the most reliable pore pressure prediction model in the area.

关键词： Pore Pressure Fracture gradient Overpressure Models Niger Delta

Cardiovascular Risk Factors in South-Eastern Nigeria: A Community Based Survey

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2020年第7期10卷 417-424页

作者： Chukwuemeka O. Eze Uma A. kalu Thomas Nnaji Internal Medicine Department Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA) Ebonyi State Nigeria

Background: Cardiovascular risk factors play a major role in cardiovascular disease burden worldwide. The prevalence is known to be in the increase especially in the developing countries. There is need for timely comm... 详细信息

g>Background: g>Cardiovascular risk factors play a major role in cardiovascular disease burden worldwide. The prevalence is known to be in the increase especially in the developing countries. There is need for timely community based studies in order to keep tab with the current scope. It is against this background that we embarked on this cross-sectional community based study of the prevalence of selected cardiovascular risk factors in semi-urban community in Abakaliki Southeastern part of Nigeria in October 2016. Method: The consecutive consenting persons of 18 years and above were screened for selected cardiovascular risk factors in October 2016. Results: A total of 1074 adults were seen (males-567, females-507) with age range of 18 - 80 years and mean age of 35.63 ± 12.45 years. They were predominantly farmers, petty traders and artisans. The identified CVD risk factors were hypertension 285 (26.4%), alcohol abuse 131 (12.1%), obesity 122 (11.3%), d

关键词： Cardiovascular Risk Factors Community Based Study South-Eastern Nigeria

Smart grid Concept and Developments： The Relevance to South Africa

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2014年第11期8卷 1952-1963页

作者： Onwunta Emea kalu Onwunta Mohamed Tariq Ekaramodien Kahn Center for Distributed Power and Electronic Systems Cape Peninsula University of Technology Cape Town 7535 South Africa

Smart grid is a concept and not a computer system or some sort of hardware. Therefore, smart grids can have multiple shapes because there is no single unified concept of what constitutes a ＂Smart grid＂. Smart grid is considered a core concept in sustainable electricity generation and consumption while being projected as a silver-bullet to electric power system challenges. South Africa＇s dwindling reserve margin, high CO_2 emissions and future energy mix are outstanding reasons for her smart grid deployment. Who receives the credit for smart grid neology is contentious and smart grid definition is diverse. However, there is a consensus on its attributes or benefits. The establishment of SASgI （South Africa Smart grid Initiative） and Eskom＇s commencement of deploying a hybrid smart grid model are proofs of the country＇s commitment towards smart grid concept and developments. Having recognized the relevance of smart grid concept and its developments, South Africa is presented with the opportunity to ＂leap-frog＂ and enhance the relevant proven applicable smart grid solutions.

关键词： Smart grid development energy carbon emission.

Effects of Counselling on In-School Adolescents＇ about HIVIAIDS in Malaysia

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Journal of Life Sciences 2012年第2期6卷 233-242页

作者： Christopher kalu Okwun Saedah Siraj Evelyn Ada Okwun Department of Psychology and Counseling Faculty of Education University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia

The study examined the effects of counselling on in-school adolescents about HIV/AIDS in Malaysia. A total of 100 male and female students were randomly chosen from three residential commercial areas located in Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia. A questionnaire on HIV/AIDS symptoms was administered. The findings of the study indicated that two thirds of the interviewed adolescents have high desires to live longer on the earth. Also, adolescents do not associate high death rates of youths with HIV/AIDS symptoms. This report has implications for HIV/AIDS counselling in the Malaysian school system. This is supported by the fact that with the success of retrovirus therapy, many of the infected now live healthier lives and are pursuing a wider range of activities. Many HIV/AIDS infected people today can participate in undergoing their daily life activities, with a significant chance of living longer on the earth. The authors conclude that collaborative partnership between HIV/AIDS services and HIV counselling as part of the integrated system will provide early intervention services to boast relief of anxiety for the young people in Malaysia who already live with HIV/AIDS.

关键词： Adolescents in-school counselling HIV/AIDS.

geoelectrical Investigation of a Proposed Dam Site in a Sedimentary Terrain: Case Study of Aba River at Amapu-Ideobia, Akanu Ngwa Southeastern Nigeria

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International Journal of geosciences 2013年第10期4卷 1376-1381页

作者： Sabinus Ikechukwu Ibeneme kalu kalu Ibe Alexander Olusegun Selemo Johnbosco Okechukwu Nwagbara Young Ezenwa Obioha Kingsley Obi Echendu Bridget Odochi Ubechu Department of geosciences Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria Department of Physics Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria

The geoelectrical investigation of the proposed Aba River dam at Amapu-Ideobia, Akanu Ngwa Southeastern Nigeria has been carried out. The objective of this study is to determine the downward and lateral trends of the rock layers or units along and near the proposed dam axis and deduce the possible structures that may enhance workable design of the dam. ABEM Terrameter SAS 4000 model was used and the symmetrical Schlumberger configuration was adopted. Twelve (12) Vertical Electrical Sounding stations were located and fully occupied along the dam axis. Preliminary input data from the field were fed into Zohdy software to generate real resistivities and depths to geoelectric layers. Five geoelectric layers were interpreted as Loamy Top soil, Alluvial matter, Pebble bed, Sandy lateritic and gravely sand. Layer 1 (the top loamy soil) was encountered in VES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11 and 12 locations with maximum thickness of 1.5 m in VES 3 and 4. Resistivity values ranged from 216 to 519 Ohm-m. The second layer (lateritic matter) had a maximum lower depth of 5 m in VES 3 and 4 points. This was not encountered in VES 6 point being replaced by alluvium. Resistivity values ranged from 101 to 6190 Ohm-m. Layer 3 was interpreted as a restricted pebble bed which occurred only at VES 6, 7 and 8 locations flanking the river course with thickness of about 3.5 m and resistivity values range of 182 415 Ohm-m. The fourth layer was modeled as the alluvial matter and restricted to the river course (VES 6, 7, 8) locations with base at between 12.5 m in VES 8 and 8 m in VES 6. The last modeled layer (Layer 5) was composed of gravely sandstone that underlined the whole study area apart from the restricted pebble bed at the NE crestal portion (VES 12). No structures like fractures, lineaments and faults that would be of deleterious effect were observed in all the VES points down to about 40 m. However, it was observed that the axial length had overriding sandy matter with high porosity and

关键词： Aba River Amapu-Ideobia Dam Axis Electrical Resistivity geoelectric

A Review of the Current Status of Bamboo Usage with Special Emphasis on Orthopedic Rehabilitation

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2020年第7期11卷 415-430页

作者： Aruoture Egoh Kischa S. Reed Peter N. kalu Department of Mechanical Engineering FAMU-FSU College of Engineering Tallahassee FL USA Division of Physical Therapy Florida A&M University Tallahassee FL USA

It was found that bamboo has been extensively used as infrastructure material in Asia and Africa due to its exceptional properties. Its usage has ranged from simple fence construction to bridges. Bamboo, as a biodegradable and renewable material, has been used for construction purposes. Both the natural and engineered form of the Bamboo has become a center of focus for most research scientists, materials experts and most important research and development aspects of Industries. The physical and mechanical properties of Bamboo culm in its dry and green state have shown promising prospects and this has further established the need to put together a regulatory body that will help to monitor and create standards for testing and utilizing Bamboo. This paper considered the various applications of Bamboo culm both in the past and present. An area the authors considered in this paper is the use of Bamboo in orthopedics. The number of people with gait dysfunction is fast growing due to population growth, war, ageing and accidents. The cost of orthopedic devices essential to restore function and improve quality of life is not affordable for many. Earlier research in this area suggests that bamboo is a suitable material for orthopedic appliances, especially exoskeleton. Bamboo use in applications such as orthopedic rehabilitation is common in developing countries where traditional bonesetters (TBS) use splints to treat fracture. In spite of the innovative discovery made by researchers in the use of Bamboo, standardization is a major challenge especially in orthopedic application. The focus of our work revealed varieties of Bamboo application.

关键词： Bamboo Orthopedic Device Construction Rehabilitation Exoskeleton

Radioprotective Potencies of Allium Cepa Extract (ACE) against Radiation-Induced Hepatoxicity in Wistar Rats

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2023年第3期12卷 59-83页

作者： Sylvester Kelechi Kenneth Okeke Francisca Nneka Agwu Kenneth kalu Attah Okwudili Joseph Deparrtment of Radiation and Clinical Oncology University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Medical Radiography Faculty of Health Science University of Nigeria Enugu Campus Enugu Nigeria

Background and Purpose: All types of ionizing radiations generate ions which can lead to the formation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excess production of free radicals or decrease in antioxidants level leads to oxidative stress. It is a harmful process that induces damage to cell structures, lipids, proteins, RNA and DNA which leads to a number of diseases. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of plant extract (Allium Cepa Extract (ACE)) on the kidney of wistar rats exposed to radiation using and assaying some biochemical enzymes. Material and Method: 60 wistar rats weighing 170 ± 20 g were equally divided into six groups for the study. group 1 (control): neither received ACE nor irradiation. group 2 (ACE): received 1000 mg/Kg *** of ACE. group 3 (4 gy-Irradiated): were exposed to 4 gy TBI on day 14. group 4 (6 gy-Irradiated): were exposed to 6 gy TBI on day 14. group 5 (ACE + 4 gy): were treated with 1000 mg/Kg *** of ACE once daily for twenty-eight days but exposed to 4 gy TBI on day 14. group 6 (ACE + 6 gy): were treated with 1000 mg/Kg *** of ACE once daily for twenty-eight days but exposed to 6 gy TBI on day 14. All the groups received distilled water and feed ad libitum during the acclimatization and experimental periods. Four animals in each group were sacrificed 24 h after irradiation and the 4 remaining animals were sacrificed on day 29 for biochemical assay and histopathological evaluation, the statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the data editor SPSS version 28. Results: From the biochemical enzymes, the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in group 2 when compared to group 1 was almost the same, which was not statically significant with (p > 0.05), but groups 3 and 4 show a significant increase in the level of MDA with (p group 5 and 6 showed no significant increase in MAD with (p > 0.05). The other enzymes like SOD, CAT, gST, and gSH followed suit. Conclusion: From the res

关键词： Allium Cepa Winstar RAT MDA SOD Hepatoxicity