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评估人为活动的生态影响 ——以加纳埃勒梅勒区的城市化和采矿业为案例研究

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评估人为活动的生态影响 ——以加纳 ...

作者： Dawuda Usman kaku 东北师范大学

学位级别：硕士

水体、湿地等生态资源对人类和整个环境的发展发挥着至关重要、不可替代的作用。然而,随着人类活动的增加,尤其是资源开发等活动对生态系统造成了极大的影响,使其生产力不断下降。城市化和采矿是造成全球生态和环境问题的两种重要的人... 详细信息

水体、湿地等生态资源对人类和整个环境的发展发挥着至关重要、不可替代的作用。然而,随着人类活动的增加,尤其是资源开发等活动对生态系统造成了极大的影响,使其生产力不断下降。城市化和采矿是造成全球生态和环境问题的两种重要的人类活动,产生的问题包括湿地丧失、空气和水污染加剧、气候变化以及自然植被覆盖率显著下降等。城市化引起的湿地丧失一直是发展中国家所面临的全球性问题。同样,能给国家发展带来巨大财富的矿产开采也会直接损害矿区的生态环境。因此,本研究以非洲加纳的大阿曼苏勒湿地和加纳埃勒梅勒区大规模金矿开采为案例,进行人类活动的生态影响评估,旨在评估发展中国家城市化和采矿活动的生态后果。该研究采用田野调查及生态模型（GIS＆RS,归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI）和栖息地质量（Habitant Quality,HQ））组成的双相混合方法,分析了从2000至2020年,因城市化造成的湿地损失以及采矿对环境的影响。城市化对加纳埃勒梅勒区该地区湿地生态系统产生负面影响的因素分为两种,即工业化和社区扩张（经济和人口因素）。在土地利用和土地覆盖（Land-Use Land-Cover,LULC）分类中,工业化和社区扩张进一步分为社区建设用地和工业用地。研究结果表明,2000年至2015年,社区建设用地和工业用地面积分别为59.02公顷和4.71公顷,造成湿地减少39.64公顷,占湿地总面积的31.10%。2015年至2020年,社区建设用地增加至78.65公顷,工业用地略减至2.54公顷,造成湿地减少69.06公顷,占比42.53%。大部分湿地损失是由社区建设用地而不是工业用地造成的。在采矿对加纳埃勒梅勒区湿地的生态影响研究中,将LULC分为四类:农业用地、森林保护区、居住用地和裸地。结果表明,2008年至2015年期间,农业用地减少了0.98%,而裸露面积增加了5.21%。2015年至2020年,森林保护区和裸露面积分别减少了4.99%和29%,而居民区增加了28.17%。GAW地区的栖息地质量不断下降（1-0.97-0.93）。而大型矿区则不稳定（0.93-1.00-0.91）。此外,通过实地调查发现,该地区的大规模采矿活动对植被、土地、空气和水质均造成了严重威胁。鉴于以上结果,该研究提出了详细的监管措施,包括制定和实施有效政策以遏制社区土地使用和工业活动对湿地的侵占,加强可持续采矿,确保该地区及其他地区的环境可持续性。

关键词：城市化采矿湿地损失 GIS RS 归一化植被指数(NDVI) 土地利用土地覆盖(LULC) 栖息地质量

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日本的大学汉语教育问题

世界汉语教学 2005年第4期19卷 91-97页

作者：郭春贵日本广岛市西区己斐东2—21—19 733-0081

日本汉语教育是国际汉语教学重要的一部分。每年日本大学学汉语的学生近30万人,可是考HSK的仅有3千多人,而且真正掌握好汉语的也寥寥无几。问题出在日本大学汉语教育的环境不很理想。大学方面过分重研究轻教学,重学问轻语言。教学目标... 详细信息

日本汉语教育是国际汉语教学重要的一部分。每年日本大学学汉语的学生近30万人,可是考HSK的仅有3千多人,而且真正掌握好汉语的也寥寥无几。问题出在日本大学汉语教育的环境不很理想。大学方面过分重研究轻教学,重学问轻语言。教学目标不明确,缺乏专业师资。本文建议在环境无法即时改善的情况下,为适应时代要求,应制定一定的教学目标,以形成重视教学的风气,同时尽量提高师资水平与教学意识。

关键词：日本大学汉语教育师资教学目标

Delays to Large Construction Projects in Ghana： A Risk Overview

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2014年第3期8卷 367-377页

作者： Joseph Ignatius Teye Buertey Augustine kaku Miezah Theophilus Adjei Kumi Faculty of Engineering & Computing Pentecost University College Kaneshie # KN 1739 Ghana Takoradi Thermal Power Station Volta River Authority Takoradi # TD237 Ghana Oepartment of Building Technology Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi # UPO 000 Ghana

Delay to large scale projects, which is as a result of actions or inactions of some project stakeholders, is becoming a global phenomena and Ghana is no exception. The objective of the research is to identify, rate and rank the most significant risk factors that causes delay on projects and examine the social impact of these delays to recommend modalities to help mitigate these risk factors. The study adopted quantitative methods with the distribution of 144 questionnaires to built environment professionals receiving a response rate of 75.7%. The instrument listed 58 common factors under eight categories that contribute to the causes of delay for respondents to rate. Analysis of data non-parametric test revealed that client, contractor, material and finance category factors significantly resulted in the schedule delay of large infrastructural projects. The survey analysis revealed that micro-factors that result in delays to large construction projects are time constraint, cost overrun, payment problems, dispute and litigation. The research recommended the following modalities to minimize such delays： availability of resources, improved communication and coordination, proper scope definition and feasibilities, utilization of modern technology, appropriate application of technologically based systems and competent project management＇s structures.

关键词： Cost overruns delayed payment disputes risk and social impact.

Current status of the geological disposal programme and an overview of the safety case at the pre-siting stage in Japan

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Rock Mechanics Bulletin 2023年第3期2卷 78-92页

作者： Tetsuo Fujiyama Kenichi kaku Nuclear Waste Management Organization of Japan(NUMO) Tokyo1080014Japan

In Japan,high-level radioactive waste and specific low-level radioactive waste which includes long-lived radionuclides are planned to be disposed of in the geological formations at depths greater than 300 *** disposal site will be selected through a stepwise site investigation process that consists of a Literature Survey,Preliminary Investigation,and Detailed Investigation *** October 2020 a Literature Survey was launched in Japan at two municipalities in Hokkaido for the first time since NUMO initiated a nationwide call for volunteer municipalities in 2002,and the outcomes are currently being *** enhance the public’s understanding of how to implement safe geological disposal in Japan based on the latest scientific knowledge and technology,NUMO,as the implementing organisation,developed and published a safety case for geological disposal at the pre-siting *** safety case provides multiple lines of arguments and evidence to demonstrate the feasibility of the geological disposal and a basic structure for a safety case that will be applicable to any potential sites in *** safety case also presented some R&D challenges to enhance the technical confidence of the project,including the R&D topics related to rock *** report presents the current status of the geological disposal programme in Japan,together with the status of the Literature Survey phase and an overview of the NUMO safety case.

关键词： High-level radioactive waste TRU waste Geological disposal Site selection process Literature survey Safety case

Appropriateness of Reduced Modified Three-Parameter Weibull Distribution Function for Predicting Gold Production in Ghana

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Open Journal of Statistics 2023年第4期13卷 534-566页

作者： Samuel Kwaku Obeng Christiana C. Nyarko Lewis Brew kaku Sagary Nokoe Research and Statistics Unit Minerals Commission of Ghana Accra Ghana Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Mines and Technology Tarkwa Ghana Department of Economics Catholic University of Ghana Sunyani Ghana

Forecasting mine production is pertinent to gold mining as it serves as production goals for investors. It is therefore important to identify the exact distribution that gold production as a response variable naturally follows. It is even more appropriate to have a model(s) with few predictor variables. This paper seeks to identify appropriate statistical distribution functions for fitting gold production in Ghana. The empirical paper relied mainly on quarterly secondary datasets on gold production between the years 2009 and 2022 secured from the Minerals Commission of Ghana, Accra. Several known statistical distributions including Weibull, Log-Normal, Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) were explored with Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) and evaluated using model selection criteria as AIC, AICc and BIC. Goodness of Fits were evaluated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test (K-S), Cramer-Von Mises Statistic and Anderson-Darling Statistic. Based on the analysis conducted, the reduced modified 3-parameter Weibull distribution provided the best fit for gold production in Ghana. Though the reduced modified Weibull function is proposed, it is important however to recognize that other external factors can influence production levels. Also, the average quarterly fitted gold production is 1000334.8918 ± 75,327.080 (±7.5%) [i.e., 925,007.812 – 1,075,661.972]. This indicates that the average annually fitted gold production lies between 3700031.248 and 4302647.888 ounces at 99.9% confidence level. Therefore, the predicted gold production for the year 2022 is 3.7million ounces at 99.9% confidence level.

关键词： Gold Production Statistical Distribution Functions Goodness of Fit Statistics

The increase in surface CXCR4 expression on lung extravascular neutrophils and its effects on neutrophils during endotoxin-induced lung injury

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第4期8卷 305-314页

作者： Mitsuhiro Yamada Hiroshi Kubo Seiichi Kobayashi Kota Ishizawa Mei He Takaya Suzuki Naoya Fujino Hiroyuki Kunishima Masamitsu Hatta Katsushi Nishimaki Tetsuji Aoyagi Kouichi Tokuda Miho Kitagawa Hisakazu Yano Hirokazu Tamamura Nobutaka Fujii Mitsuo kaku Department of Regional Cooperation for Infectious Diseases Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiMiyagiJapan Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiMiyagiJapan Department of Respiratory Medicine Japanese Red-Cross Ishinomaki HospitalIshinomakiMiyagiJapan Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiMiyagiJapan Department of Clinical Microbiology with Epidemiological Research&Management and Analysis of Infectious Diseases Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiMiyagiJapan Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityChiyoda-kuTokyoJapan Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan

Inflammatory stimuli,such as a microbes or lipopolysaccharides,induce a rapid release of neutrophils from the bone marrow and promote neutrophil migration into inflamed sites to promote host ***,an excess accumulation and retention of neutrophils in inflamed tissue can cause severe tissue injuries in the later stages of *** studies have reported that both CXCL12 levels in injured lungs and its receptor,CXCR4,on accumulated neutrophils in injured lungs,increased;furthermore,these studies showed that the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway participated in neutrophil accumulation in the later stages of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced lung ***,the mechanisms underlying this increase in surface CXCR4 expression in neutrophils remain *** this study,we found that surface CXCR4 expression increased in extravascular,but not intravascular,neutrophils in the lungs of LPS-induced lung injury model ***,ex vivo studies revealed that CXCL12 acted not only as a chemoattractant,but also as a suppressor of cell death for the lung neutrophils expressing ***,one of the native ligands for L-selectin,induced the increase of surface CXCR4 expression on isolated circulating neutrophils,suggesting that the activation of L-selectin may be involved in the increase in surface *** findings show that surface CXCR4 levels on neutrophils increase after extravasation into injured lungs,possibly through the activation of *** CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway plays an important role in the modulation of neutrophil activity during acute lung injury,not only by promoting chemotaxis but also by suppressing cell death.

关键词： CXCL12 CXCR4 lipopolysaccharides lung injury neutrophils

Approach of Driving Skill Evaluation System Based on Vehicle Performance Optimization

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Approach of Driving Skill Evaluation System Based on Vehicle...

Generalized Additive Mixed Modelling of River Discharge in the Black Volta River

2023中国汽车工程学会年会暨展览会

作者： Gong Chaofan Zong Changfu Dai Changhua Lu Ye kaku Chuyo Zhang Dong Jilin University SAIC MOTOR Co Ltd. Jiangsu Chaoli Electric Co Ltd. Brunel University London

Driver is a key part of the human-vehicle-road-cloud system,and the rapid development of advanced driving systems has led to the integration of more autonomous driving systems with human drivers,making the study of driver characteristics and driving skills increasingly *** this paper,we propose a novel driving skill evaluation system based on the vehicle performance optimization of the driving condition unit,which is applicable to both human drivers and intelligent driving *** approach for recognizing common vehicle driving conditions on structured roads based on coordinate system transformation is first proposed,which identifies lane keeping acceleration condition,lane keeping deceleration condition,lane changing acceleration condition and lane changing deceleration *** relationship between the ideal driver with the highest driving skill and the optimal vehicle performance based on prediction and optimization is *** the identified driving conditions,local trajectory planning based on quintic polynomials and path-following control based on model predictive control(MPC) are used to obtain the corresponding optimal vehicle *** the physiological and psychological differences between human driver and autonomous driving system,we select comprehensive evaluation indicators evaluation indicators covering handling stability,ride comfort and economy at the level of the final performance of vehicle's driving *** normalization,a driving skill evaluation formula is established *** results of the real-vehicle test show that the proposed driving condition recognition method can effectively identify vehicle driving conditions,the path tracking control model produces a good tracking effect,and the driving skill evaluation results can well distinguish professional driver,general driver and intelligent driving system, and the evaluation period is shortened, indicating strong engineering application feasibility

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Open Journal of Statistics 2017年第4期7卷 621-632页

作者： Wahab A. Iddrisu kaku S. Nokoe Albert Luguterah Eric O. Antwi Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana Department of Statistics University for Development Studies Navrongo Ghana Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana

River discharge data offer a rich source of information for reservoir management and flood control, if modelling can separate out the effects of rainfall, land use, soil type, relief, and weather conditions. In this paper, we model river discharge data from the Black Volta River, using Generalised Additive Mixed Models (GAMMs) with a space-time interaction represented via a tensor product of continuous time and discrete space. River discharge data from January 2000 to December 2009 for the four gauge stations along the Black Volta River namely, Lawra, Chache, Bui and Bamboi were obtained from the hydrological services department of Ghana and used for model fitting. Four GAMMs were explored, two with space-time interactions and two without space-time interactions. The comparison of the performance of the models with space-time interactions and those without space-time interactions based on Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) suggests that in this application, the former is better overall and in particular for modelling local variations. Further, a model with space and time main effects performed better compared with one without space and time main effects. After model selection, checking and validation, there is evidence for increasing river discharge from the most upstream gauge station to the most downstream gauge station for the study period.

关键词： River Discharge GAMM Tensor Product Smooth Space-Time Interaction Black Volta River

Human-like lane-changing trajectory planning algorithm for human-machine conflict mitigation

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Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles

Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles 2023年第1期6卷 46-63页

作者： Changhua Dai Changfu Zong Dong Zhang Gang Li kaku Chuyo Hongyu Zheng Fei Gao State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin UniversityChangchun 130022China Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Brunel University LondonUB83PHUK College of Automobile and Traffic Engineering Liaoning University of TechnologyJinzhou 121000China Jiangsu Chaoli Electric Co. Ltd.Danyang 212300China

The purpose of this paper is to alleviate the potential safety problems associated with the human driver and the automatic system competing for the right of way due to different objectives by mitigating the human-machine conflict phenomenon in human-machine shared driving(HMSD)technology from the automation ***,a basic lane-changing trajectory algorithm based on the quintic polynomial in the Frenet coordinate system is ***,in order to make the planned trajectory close to human behavior,naturalistic driving data is collected,based on which some lane-changing performance features are selected and *** are three aspects have been taken into consideration for the human-like lane-changing trajectory:vehicle dynamic stability performance,driving cost optimization,and collision ***,the HMSD experiments are conducted with the driving simulator to test the potential of the human-like lane-changing trajectory planning *** results demonstrate that the lane-changing trajectory planning algorithm with the highest degree of personalization is highly consistent with human driver behavior and consequently would potentially mitigate the human-machine conflict with the HMSD ***,it could be further employed as an empirical trajectory prediction *** algorithm employs the distribution state of the historical trajectory for human-like processing,simplifying the operational process and ensuring the credibility,integrity,and interpretability of the ***,in terms of optimization processing,the form of optimization search followed by collision avoidance detection is adopted to in principle reduce the calculation ***,a new convex polygon collision detection method,namely the vertex embedding method,is proposed for collision avoidance detection.

关键词： human-machine conflict human-machine shared driving(HMSD) human-like lane-changing trajectory planning collision avoidance trajectory prediction