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Distribution and conservation of the Indo–Pacific humpback dolphin in China

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第2期4卷 240-247页

作者： Bingyao CHEN Dongmei ZHENG Guang YANG Xinrong XU kaiya zhou Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina College of Oceanography and Environmental Science Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina

The Indo–Pacific humpback dolphin(Sousa chinensis Osbeck,1765)is a threatened species inhabiting the waters of *** being of conservation concern,the distribution and abundance of this species has not been comprehensively *** 1994 to 2008 we performed over 14000 km of line-transect surveys and adminis-tered over 700 questionnaires to collect basic information on the geographic range and likely abundance of Indo–Pacific humpback dolphins along the southern and eastern coasts of *** our study we were able to establish a reporting network of stranding and incidental catches for this *** quantitative data suggests that only 76 animals remain around Xiamen,39 in the Hepu Nature Reserve and 114 in the estuary of the Dafengjiang *** data from local fishing people and government officials suggests that dolphins may exist year-round in waters off Ningde and *** found that wild populations of Sousa chinensis in this important region are clearly being affected by human disturbance and habitat deterioration,including underwater blasting,vessel collision,fishing,aquaculture and water *** some protected areas have been established and this species is protected under Chinese law,there remains virtually no protection for this animal.

关键词： China conservation Indo–Pacific humpback dolphin Sousa chinensis survey.

Molecular Evolution of Visual Opsin Genes during the Behavioral Shifts between Different Photic Environments in Geckos

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Asian Herpetological Research 2021年第3期12卷 280-288页

作者： Yao CAI Yuefen FAN Youxia YUE Peng LI Jie YAN kaiya zhou Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023JiangsuChina School of Food Science Nanjing Xiaozhuang UniversityNanjing 211171JiangsuChina

Reptiles are the most morphologically and physiologically diverse tetrapods,with the squamates having the most diverse *** is an important model system for understanding the role of visual ecology,phylogeny and behavior on the structure of visual *** this study,we compared three opsin genes(RH2,LWS and SWS1)among 49 reptile species to detect positively selected genes as well as amino acid *** results indicated that visual opsin genes have undergone divergent selection pressures in all lizards and RH2 and LWS suffered stronger positive selection than *** positively selected sites were picked out for RH2 and ***,many diagnostic sites were found between geckos and non-gecko lizards,most of which were located near the positively selected sites and some of them have already been reported to be responsible for significant shifts of the wavelength of maximum absorption(λ_(max)).The results indicated that the gecko lineage accelerated the evolution of these genes to adapt to the dim-light environment or nocturnality as well as the switch between nocturnality and diurnality.

关键词： Gecko diurnality molecular evolution nocturnality opsin gene

中国鹅5个品种遗传多样性的随机扩增多态DNA分析

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南京农业大学学报 2000年第1期23卷 58-62页

作者：郝家胜周开亚安徽师范大学生物学系芜湖241000 南京师范大学生物多样性与分子进化研究室南京210097

用 40个 10 寡核苷酸随机引物对中国鹅的 5个品种———狮头鹅、皖西白鹅、太湖鹅、浙东白鹅和四川白鹅进行了随机扩增多态DNA (RAPD)分析。结果表明 ,用筛选出的 14个引物共扩增出 174个DNA片段 ,其中的 48个 (占2 8 2 % )在 5个品种... 详细信息

用 40个 10 寡核苷酸随机引物对中国鹅的 5个品种———狮头鹅、皖西白鹅、太湖鹅、浙东白鹅和四川白鹅进行了随机扩增多态DNA (RAPD)分析。结果表明 ,用筛选出的 14个引物共扩增出 174个DNA片段 ,其中的 48个 (占2 8 2 % )在 5个品种间表现为多态性。根据扩增DNA片段的异同 ,计算了各品种和个体间的遗传多样性指数和遗传距离指数。同时 ,用分子进化遗传分析软件 (MEGA)以UPGMA法和NJ法对遗传距离指数进行了聚类分析。结果显示 ,中国鹅 5品种间的遗传分化可能与人工选择密切相关 ,而和地理分布没有明显的关联。

关键词：中国鹅品种遗传多样性 RAPD分析保存选育

应激大鼠脾脏内诱导型一氧化氮合酶活性变化及其意义

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应用与环境生物学报 2005年第4期11卷 474-476页

作者：郭建周开亚陈泳宏刘平南京师范大学生命科学院南京210097 第二军医大学南京军医学院组织学与胚胎学教研室南京210099

在捕食压力下,大鼠脾脏诱导型一氧合酶(iNOS)明显表达,说明iNOS想到了重要的生理功能,然面,NOS的表达及在亚细胞水平的定位以及相应的差异变化等都很不明确,本试验采用捕食应激模型,利用免疫组织化学方法和生化测定,检测心理性应激对大... 详细信息

在捕食压力下,大鼠脾脏诱导型一氧合酶(iNOS)明显表达,说明iNOS想到了重要的生理功能,然面,NOS的表达及在亚细胞水平的定位以及相应的差异变化等都很不明确,本试验采用捕食应激模型,利用免疫组织化学方法和生化测定,检测心理性应激对大鼠脾脏iNOS活性的影响及探讨这种影响与应激动物免疫力下降之间的关系.结果表明:iNOS免疫阳性细胞表达部位集中于脾脏的红髓和边缘区,白髓中几乎没有.与对照组相比,在应激1～12 d的过程中, 应激组大鼠脾脏内iNOS的活性逐渐升高,至d 12最为显著(P<0.01).但在后期应激13～30 d,脾内iNOS的表达又逐渐减少.生化测定结果表明,NOS和NO的含量变化与iNOS的活性变化相似,在心理性应激早中期较高,至d 12最为显著(P<0.01), 而到中后期则逐渐降低. 结果提示,iNOS活性程度与动物心理应激程度密切相关;应激过程中大鼠脾脏内由于iNOS的活性增加导致产生过量的NO,这可能与应激导致大鼠免疫力下降有关. 图1 表2

关键词：心理性应激诱导型一氧化氮合酶一氧化氮脾

疣尾蜥虎线粒体基因组全序列及其基因组成(英文)

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南京师大学报（自然科学版） 2009年第4期32卷 77-82页

作者：严洁周建丽田超周开亚江苏省生物多样性和生物技术重点实验室南京师范大学生命科学学院江苏南京210046

测定了疣尾蜥虎(Hemidactylus frenatus)的线粒体基因组全序列.序列全长为16 891 bp,包括13个蛋白质编码基因、2个rRNA基因和22个tRNA基因.除大部分基因由重链编码外,仅1个蛋白编码基因和8个tR-NA基因由轻链编码.碱基组成的偏好与其他... 详细信息

测定了疣尾蜥虎(Hemidactylus frenatus)的线粒体基因组全序列.序列全长为16 891 bp,包括13个蛋白质编码基因、2个rRNA基因和22个tRNA基因.除大部分基因由重链编码外,仅1个蛋白编码基因和8个tR-NA基因由轻链编码.碱基组成的偏好与其他脊椎动物线粒体DNA接近.没有发现长的基因间隔区,说明该基因组的结构十分紧凑.基因组的组成与典型脊椎动物的相近,即没有发现重排、基因或控制区的重复等在其它有鳞类动物中出现过的异常特征.除单性生殖的壁虎外,现有的壁虎类线粒体基因组在基因含量和顺序上是一致的.作为蜥虎属线粒体基因组全序列的惟一代表,该序列有望在有鳞类系统发生的推断上发挥一定的作用.

关键词：疣尾蜥虎壁虎科壁虎类线粒体基因组

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江豚鼻道及其附属结构的解剖研究

兽类学报 1989年第4期9卷 275-280,318页

作者：高国富周开亚南京师范大学生物系

江豚大多有9个鼻道囊,少数有10个。即前庭囊、鼻额囊、前颌囊和犁鼻囊各1对,副囊大多单个,少数1对。各鼻道囊的大小和形状与海豚科差别很大,如江豚右侧的鼻道囊明显大于左侧,鼻道后部下段每侧有两个唇状结构——鼻道后唇和犁鼻囊与鼻额... 详细信息

江豚大多有9个鼻道囊,少数有10个。即前庭囊、鼻额囊、前颌囊和犁鼻囊各1对,副囊大多单个,少数1对。各鼻道囊的大小和形状与海豚科差别很大,如江豚右侧的鼻道囊明显大于左侧,鼻道后部下段每侧有两个唇状结构——鼻道后唇和犁鼻囊与鼻额囊后部之间的隔,对角膜不明显且无对角膜肌。鼻道底部每侧存在1对脂肪状的“背脂囊”,未见有鼻瓣。

关键词：江豚鼻道解剖附属结构

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中国沿岸小型鲸类误捕情况的调查

应用生态学报 1999年第6期10卷 713-716页

作者：杨光周开亚徐信荣 Stephen Leatherwood 南京师范大学生命科学学院南京210097

报道了１９９４～１９９５年对中国沿岸小型鲸类误捕情况的调查结果．调查表明，有误捕记录的小型鲸类主要有５种，即江豚（Ｎｅｏｐｈｏｃａｅｎａｐｈｏｃａｅｎｏｉｄｅｓ）、长喙真海豚（Ｄｅｌｐｈｉｎｕｓｃａｐｅｎｓｉ... 详细信息

报道了１９９４～１９９５年对中国沿岸小型鲸类误捕情况的调查结果．调查表明，有误捕记录的小型鲸类主要有５种，即江豚（Ｎｅｏｐｈｏｃａｅｎａｐｈｏｃａｅｎｏｉｄｅｓ）、长喙真海豚（Ｄｅｌｐｈｉｎｕｓｃａｐｅｎｓｉｓ）、瓶鼻海豚（Ｔｕｒｓｉｏｐｓｔｒｕｎｃａｔｕｓ）、点斑原海豚（Ｓｔｅｎｅｌｌａａｔｔｅｎｕａｔａ）和伪虎鲸（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｒｃａｃｒａｓｓｉｄｅｎｓ），其中以江豚的误捕率最高．１９９４年在山东、浙江、福建、广东、海南省和广西壮族自治区沿岸渔业误捕的小型鲸类约３０４５ ±２１２０头，其中江豚的误捕量约２１３２ ±１４８４头．误捕小型鲸类的渔具主要有拖网、刺网和张网．中国沿岸没有专门捕鲸的渔业方式．误捕的小型鲸类在沿岸居民的生活中不占重要地位，它们大部分被丢弃或廉价出售．目前尚不知道误捕对中国水域小型鲸种群影响的程度，但可能是造成数量下降原因之一．

关键词：中国沿岸小型鲸类误捕调查海兽管理保护

Considerable MHC diversity suggests that the functional extinction of Baiji is not related to population genetic collapse

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Considerable MHC diversity suggests that the functional exti...

第七届全国野生动物生态与资源保护学术研讨会

作者： Shixia Xu,Xuming zhou,kaiya zhou,Guang Yang Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology,College of Life Sciences,Nanjing Normal University,1 Wenyuan Road,Nanjing 210046,China

Genetic diversity at the major histocompatibility complex(MHC)classⅡDRB locus was investigated in the baiji(Lipotes vexillifer),one of the most critically endangered species in the world. Nine highly divergent DRB alleles were identified in 17 samples,with an average of 28.4(13.2%) nucleotide difference and 16.7(23.5%)amino acid difference between *** unexpectedly high levels of DRB allelic diversity in the baiji may partly be attributable to its evolutionary adaptations to the freshwater environment which is regarded to have a higher parasite diversity compared to the marine *** addition,intragenic recombination and positive selection were found to be the main mechanisms in generating sequence diversity at baiji DRB *** sequence variation at the adaptive MHC genes despite of significant loss of neutral genetic variation in baiji genome might suggest that intense selection has overpowered random genetic drift as the main evolutionary forces, which further suggested that the critically endangered or nearly extinct status of the baiji is not an outcome of genetic collapse.

关键词： Baiji MHC DRB intragenic recombination positive selection genetic diversity

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海兽分子生态学研究进展

生态学杂志 2001年第1期20卷 55-58页

作者：杨光任文华周开亚南京师范大学生命科学学院遗传资源研究所南京210097

The molecular techniques applied in the molecular ecology of marine mammals mainly include sequencing of mtDNA control region,DNA fingerprinting,mtDNA RFLP,and *** techniques have been used to document population structure and genetic diversity,social structure and migration behavior,individual identification and population size estimate,as well as food habitat analysis,etc.

关键词：海兽分子生态学群落