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教育博士招生制度的现状、困境与出路

黑龙江高教研究 2025年第1期43卷 98-103页

作者：韦卫起航李祥贵州交通职业大学贵州贵阳551400 西北师范大学甘肃兰州730070 贵州师范大学贵州贵阳550025

教育博士高质量发展是教育强国的战略机遇和教育博士招生规模扩大的时代诉求,完善教育博士招生制度是把好教育博士人才培养“入口关”的重要问题,是提升教育博士人才培养质量的开端。基于2024年31所高校教育博士的招生文本分析可以发现... 详细信息

教育博士高质量发展是教育强国的战略机遇和教育博士招生规模扩大的时代诉求,完善教育博士招生制度是把好教育博士人才培养“入口关”的重要问题,是提升教育博士人才培养质量的开端。基于2024年31所高校教育博士的招生文本分析可以发现,当前教育博士招生制度设计从实质正义和程序公平两个方面体现正义属性,但还存在选拔标准学博趋同、招生指标分配不均、类型特征不够凸显等问题。教育博士招生制度改革,要扣准教育博士类别要求和人才规格定位,从选拔标准应差异化、招生指标应动态化、评价标准应科学化等方面,进一步回应满足面向2035的卓越教师和教育家型教师培养需要。

关键词：教育博士招生制度程序公平实质正义内容分析法

基于优化重油加工路线的炼油转型升级实践与探讨

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石油炼制与化工 2025年第1期56卷 107-116页

作者：王伟中韩(武汉)石油化工有限公司武汉430082

以“小炼油、大乙烯”配置的炼化企业为例,从炼油总流程出发,分析其炼油盈利能力差的主要原因是重油加工路线不优化、催化重整(简称重整)装置和催化裂化装置加工能力偏低、焦化装置加工能力偏高、天然气制氢成本高。提出炼油转型升级的... 详细信息

以“小炼油、大乙烯”配置的炼化企业为例,从炼油总流程出发,分析其炼油盈利能力差的主要原因是重油加工路线不优化、催化重整(简称重整)装置和催化裂化装置加工能力偏低、焦化装置加工能力偏高、天然气制氢成本高。提出炼油转型升级的两步走思路,讨论了高掺渣催化裂化工艺在炼油转型升级中的效果与不足。在此基础上,利用炼油化工全流程模型,探讨了建设直馏柴油中压加氢改质装置和连续重整装置的必要性,并对建设溶剂脱沥青装置与固定床重油加氢装置进行了比选,为企业的下一步发展提供思路和方向。

关键词：炼油转型升级重油加工路线优化乙烯原料

基于扎根理论的民办高校教师组织认同的影响因素研究

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黑龙江高教研究 2025年第1期43卷 124-134页

作者：范伟西安翻译学院陕西西安710105

组织认同反映的是教师个体对其所在学校的支持度和认同度,对减少教师流失、强化教师队伍建设具有重要现实意义。运用扎根理论方法,对19名民办高校教师的访谈资料进行编码分析,探究了影响民办高校教师组织认同的影响因素。研究表明,工作... 详细信息

组织认同反映的是教师个体对其所在学校的支持度和认同度,对减少教师流失、强化教师队伍建设具有重要现实意义。运用扎根理论方法,对19名民办高校教师的访谈资料进行编码分析,探究了影响民办高校教师组织认同的影响因素。研究表明,工作压力、组织声誉、组织支持、感知到的领导力等外部刺激因素,加剧了民办高校教师个体的工作不安全感、相对剥夺感和身心耗竭,进而影响了民办高校教师的组织认同水平。建议从政府、学校和教师等三个层面,不断优化政策供给,构建优良校园生态,培育教育情怀,以提升民办高校教师组织认同。

关键词：民办高校教师组织认同扎根理论刺激-有机体-反应(S-O-R)理论

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人不是物:社会认知的稽古维新

心理学报 2025年第1期57卷 173-189页

作者：董达陈巍绍兴文理学院心理学系大脑、心智与教育研究中心浙江绍兴312000 中国人民大学哲学与认知科学交叉平台北京100080

当代社会认知的理论版图可分为经典概念工具箱与正在与之对抗的新概念工具两部分。经考证,理论论和模拟论等经典概念工具集中诞生于1980年代的美国认知科学界,可以被视为1956认知革命蔓延至社会心理学领域的产物,而新概念工具可以被视... 详细信息

当代社会认知的理论版图可分为经典概念工具箱与正在与之对抗的新概念工具两部分。经考证,理论论和模拟论等经典概念工具集中诞生于1980年代的美国认知科学界,可以被视为1956认知革命蔓延至社会心理学领域的产物,而新概念工具可以被视为与第二代认知革命相适合的替代理论。历史上,社会心理学接受了认知主义的“物”的抽象认知原理,也全盘接受了它带来的理论负荷,即对“人”的感知被还原为对“物”的感知,并且隶属于后者。然而,基于“物”的抽象认知原理始终无法与社会认知的以“人”为本的实践经验相结合,也未能实现该领域的自治。事实上,这一理论困难并非一直存在于“社会认知”的历史路径中,至少在以Heider为标志性人物的1950年代早期社会认知中便不是这样。Heider“人不是物”理论体系在个体层面上包括知觉实在论、事件归因和生命性−非生命性范畴区分三个部分,但是第三个理论部件彼时囿于作者主题侧重、证据不足、技术匮乏等多种原因未能完成。结合当代来自演化和比较的、行为和发展的以及神经通路假设的新证据,通过重新发掘并最终完整构建了“人不是物”论题,尝试为当代社会认知理论困难提供一个建设性意见。

关键词：社会认知人的感知认知革命生命性主体间性

Relationship between longitudinal changes in lipid composition and ischemic stroke among hypertensive patients

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第4期13卷 18-27页

作者： Cheng-Cheng wei Yu-Qing Huang Cheng-Hong Yu Department of Cardiology Tongxiang First People's HospitalTongxiang 314500Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Cardiology Guangdong Cardiovascular InstituteGuangzhou 510080Guangdong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia was strongly linked to stroke,however the relationship between dyslipidemia and its components and ischemic stroke remained *** To investigate the link between longitudinal changes in lipid profiles and dyslipidemia and ischemic stroke in a hypertensive *** Between 2013 and 2014,6094 hypertension individuals were included in this,and ischemic stroke cases were documented to the end of *** changes of lipid were stratified into four groups:(1)Normal was transformed into normal group;(2)Abnormal was transformed into normal group;(3)Normal was transformed into abnormal group;and(4)Abnormal was transformed into abnormal *** examine the link between longitudinal changes in dyslipidemia along with its components and the risk of ischemic stroke,we utilized multivariate Cox proportional hazards models with hazard ratio(HR)and 95%*** The average age of the participants was 62.32 years±13.00 years,with 329 women making up 54.0%of the *** the course of a mean follow-up of 4.8 years,143 ischemic strokes *** normal was transformed into normal group was used as a reference,after full adjustments,the HR for dyslipidemia and ischemic stroke among abnormal was transformed into normal group,normal was transformed into abnormal group and abnormal was transformed into abnormal wei CC et *** changed and ischemic stroke WJCC https://*** 2 February 6,2025 Volume 13 Issue 4 group were 1.089(95%CI:0.598-1.982;P=0.779),2.369(95%CI:1.424-3.941;P<0.001)and 1.448(95%CI:1.002-2.298;P=0.047)(P for trend was 0.233),*** In individuals with hypertension,longitudinal shifts from normal to abnormal in dyslipidemia-particularly in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-were significantly associated with the risk of ischemic stroke.

关键词： Longitudinal change Hypertension Dyslipidemia Lipid profile Ischemic stroke

[Evaluation of the toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid toward human colorectal cancer cells using multi-dimensional approaches]

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Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography 2025年第1期43卷 96-103页

作者： Rui-Jia Zhang Ying-Shi Lin Lan-Yin Tu Zi-Tong Chen wei-wei Zhang Tian-Gang Luan Bao-wei Chen School of Life and Health Sciences Hainan University Haikou 570228 China. School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China. School of Artificial Intelligence Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519082 China. Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention Guangzhou 510440 China. School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519082 China.

While human exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) can lead to ulcerative colitis, the molecular mechanisms responsible for PFOA-induced intestinal toxicity are unclear. Herein, we examined the toxicity of PFOA toward human colorectal cancer cells (HCT116) from three dimensions: the cytotoxic phenotype, cell respiration, and transcription levels of metabolism-related genes. Formazan was used to assess how PFOA exposure affects HCT116-cell relative viability, after which the mitochondrial respiratory activities of these cells were determined by analyzing extracellular flux. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method was used to detect metabolism-related gene expression levels. The cytotoxicity assay revealed that the HCT116 showed significantly inhibited relative activities compared to those of the control when exposed to 300 μmol/L PFOA for 48 h (<0.01), with most cells retained at the G0/G1 stage. In contrast, the mitochondrial respiratory activities of the HCT116 were promoted by concentrations of PFOA as low as 50 μmol/L. Two genes related to cellular metabolism (dipeptidase 1 () and sphingosine kinase 1 ()) were found to be related to the PFOA-promoted formation of ulcerative colitis using our self-developed Metabolic Gene and Pathway Query software and Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). The qPCR studies revealed that and expression levels were enhanced by 8-10 times in HCT116 exposed to 300 μmol/L PFOA relative to the control, whereas this trend was not observed for HCT116 exposed to 50 μmol/L PFOA. Collectively, these results suggest that the respiratory activity of cellular mitochondria may serve as an index for determining the interference effects associated with PFOA and that metabolic pathways mediated by and may be involved in the development of PFOA-induced ulcerative colitis. Future studies should investigate the relationships between changes in metabolism-related genes ( and ) and the mitochondrial respiratory act

关键词： Metabolic Gene and Pathway Query software human colorectal enterotoxicity metabolic disorder perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)

Dynamic event-triggered data-driven iterative learning bipartite tracking control for nonlinear MASs with prescribed performance

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期 292-305页

作者： Tao SHI wei-wei CHE School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Shanghai University State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Northeastern University College of Information Science and Engineering Northeastern University

This article proposes a distributed dynamic event-triggered data-driven iterative learning control(DET-DDILC)scheme under a predefined performance to tackle the bipartite tracking control problem for multiagent systems(MASs). An improved dynamic linearization technique is utilized to convert the nonlinear MASs into an iterative linear data model. First,a peer-to-peer mapping function is introduced to map the constrained distributed system output homeomorphism to an unconstrained one. In addition, a DET mechanism based on a time-iteration-varying function is devised to conserve network communication resources. Based on the unconstrained transformation and the designed DET mechanism, the DET-DDILC algorithm is devised to ensure that the bipartite tracking performance of MASs can be within the preset range. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the designed control scheme are demonstrated via a simulation case by a comparison.

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Engineering N3C vacancies in hierarchical porous carbon nitride nanosheets for room temperature ultradeep photocatalytic aerobic oxidative desulfurization

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Yina Nie weijie Yang Xin Wang Xiang Li Lele wei Xiaolin Bai Lin Liu Feng Fu Jun Wan College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Institute of Comprehensive Energy Industrial Technology Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering Yan'an University Anhui Engineering Research Center of Carbon Neutrality College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University

The production of ultra-low sulfur clean fuels holds global significance for improving energy efficiency and reducing environmental pollution. Photocatalytic aerobic oxidative desulfurization（PODS） offers an attractive approach to efficiently remove refractory heterocyclic aromatic sulfur compounds under mild conditions. However, the sluggish charge dynamics,insufficient molecule activation, and slow mass transfer within photocatalysts restrict the overall desulfurization efficiency,hindering the widespread application of this technology. Herein, we developed a defective g-C3N4（M1U3CN） photocatalyst with bridged N3Cvacancies and hierarchical porous structures to address these limitations. This catalyst not only demonstrates outstanding dibenzothiophene（DBT） removal efficiency of 99.6% for model oil with high conversion and selectivity but also achieves complete sulfur removal from gasoline as well as 96.7% sulfur removal for distilled diesel at room temperature,successfully achieving ultradeep aerobic oxidative desulfurization. The introduction of rich N3Cvacancies and abundant micromeso-macroporous distribution in M1U3CN enhances kinetic efficiencies by promoting charge carrier separation, mass transfer,and molecular activation simultaneously; resulting in exceptional PODS performance. This work provides a collaborative strategy to overcome kinetic challenges in aerobic oxidative desulfurization via defect and structural engineering of the catalyst.

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Rational design of lipid-activatable NIR-II probes for precisely imaging atherosclerotic plaque

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Xinyu Xu Yuan Ma Hui Cao Li Xu Haoming Chen Sulai Liu wei Sun Guosheng Song Xiaobing Zhang State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/Central Laboratory Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University) Department of Cardiology the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational MedicineNanjing Medical University Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University

Atherosclerosis(AS) is a prevalent condition associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, featuring lipid-laden plaque; however, the insufficient resolution and low sensitivity of traditional medical imaging techniques limit their application in lipid imaging. Currently, the second near-infrared(NIR-II) fluorescence imaging offers promising sensitivity and convenience. However, existing probes have limitations in terms of signal-to-background ratio, penetration depth, and tissue scattering. Herein, we use a molecular regulatory strategy to design a lipid-activatable probe Rh-965 with high specificity and NIR-II emission for improved imaging potential in deep tissues. The potential of Rh-965 for imaging plaque lipids in mice with AS is demonstrated by localizing carotid artery plaques using NIR-II imaging. The development of more stable lipid-activated NIR-II probes can significantly enhance atherosclerosis diagnosis and facilitate in vivo imaging in deeper tissues.

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