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Variability and trends of near-surface wind speed over the Tibetan Plateau:The role played by the westerly and Asian monsoon

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 525-536页

作者： Gang-Feng ZHANG Cesar AZORIN-MOLINA Deliang CHEN Tim RMCVICAR Jose AGUIJARRO kai-qiang.deng.lorenzo minola Jaeyeon LEE Seok-Woo SON Heng MA Pei-Jun SHI State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Engineering Center of Desertification and Blown-Sand Control of Ministry of Education Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster of Ministry of Education Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Desertificaci'on Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı'ficas(CIDECSIC-UV-Generalitat alenciana)ClimateAtmosphere and Ocean Laboratory(Climatoc-Lab)Moncada 46113Spain Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden CSIRO Environment CanberraACT 2600Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes CanberraACT 2600Australia State Meteorological Agency Balearic Islands OfficePalma de Mallorca 07015Spain School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Interuniversity Department of Regional and Urban Studies and Planning(DIST) Politecnico and University of TurinTurin 10125Italy School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program Princeton UniversityPrinceton NJ 08544USA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAAPrinceton NJ 08544USA

Near-surface wind speed exerts profound impacts on many environmental issues,while the long-term(≥60 years)trend and multidecadal variability in the wind speed and its underlying causes in global high-elevation and mountainous areas(e.g.,Tibetan Plateau)remain largely ***,by examining homogenized wind speed data from 104 meteorological stations over the Tibetan Plateau for 1961-2020 and ERA5 reanalysis datasets,we investigated the variability and long-term trend in the near-surface wind speed and revealed the role played by the westerly and Asian *** results show that the homogenized annual wind speed displays a decreasing trend(-0.091 m s^(−1)per decade,p<0.05),with the strongest in spring(-0.131 m s^(−1)per decade,p<0.05),and the weakest in autumn(-0.071 m s^(−1)per decade,p<0.05).There is a distinct multidecadal variability of wind speed,which manifested in an prominent increase in 1961-1970,a sustained decrease in 1970-2002,and a consistent increase in *** observed decadal variations are likely linked to large-scale atmospheric circulation,and the correlation analysis unveiled a more important role of westerly and East Asian winter monsoon in modulating near-surface wind changes over the Tibetan *** potential physical processes associated with westerly and Asian monsoon changes are in concordance with wind speed change,in terms of overall weakened horizontal air flow(i.e.,geostrophic wind speed),declined vertical thermal and dynamic momentum transfer(i.e.,atmospheric stratification thermal instability and vertical wind shear),and varied Tibetan Plateau *** indicates that to varying degrees these processes may have contributed to the changes in near-surface wind speed over the Tibetan *** study has implications for wind power production and soil wind erosion prevention in the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Wind speed Decadal change Atmospheric circulation Physical processes

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Integrating host biological and ecological variables to predict probability of haemosporidian infection in raptors

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 255-264页

作者： kai Gao Xuemei Yang Xi Huang Wenhong deng Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China

Variations in host traits that influence their exposure and susceptibility may impact probability of vector-transmitted ***,identifying the predictors of infection probability is necessary to understand the risk of disease outbreaks during expanding environmental ***,we conducted a large survey based on microscopic examination and molecular analysis of haemosporidian parasite infection in raptors rescued at the Beijing Raptor Rescue *** these data with biological and ecological variables of the raptors,we determined predictors that affect the probability of haemosporidian infection using generalized linear mixed models and multimodel *** results showed that infection probability exhibited considerable variation across host species in raptors,and body mass,sex,and evolutionary history played relatively weaker roles in driving infection ***,activity pattern,age,geographic range size,migration distance,and nest type were important predictors of the probability of haemosporidian infection,and the role of each predictor differed in the three main haemosporidian genera(Plasmodium,Haemoproteus,and Leucocytozoon).This macro-ecological analysis will add to our understanding of host traits that influence the probability of avian haemosporidian infection and will help inform risk of emerging diseases.

关键词： Activity pattern Emerging infectious diseases Infection probability Interspecific variation Migratory exposure

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Design of a Bio-inspired,Two-winged,Flapping-wing Micro Air Vehicle with High-lift Performance

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第3期21卷 1191-1207页

作者： kai Hu Huichao deng Shengjie Xiao Gongyu Yang Yuhong Sun Space Robot Laboratory The School of Mechanical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing100191China

In this paper,we present the development of our latest flapping-wing micro air vehicle(FW-MAV),named Explobird,which features two wings with a wingspan of 195 mm and weighs a mere 25.2 g,enabling it to accomplish vertical take-off and hover *** devised a novel gear-based mechanism for the flapping system to achieve high lift capability and reliability and conducted extensive testing and analysis on the wings to optimise power matching and lift *** Explobird can deliver a peak lift-to-weight ratio of 1.472 and an endurance time of 259 s during hover flight powered by a single-cell LiPo *** the inherent instability of the prototype,we discuss the derivatives of its longitudinal system,underscoring the importance of feedback control,position of the centre of gravity,and increased *** demonstrate the effect of damping enhancement on stability,we also designed a passive stable ***,the vehicle is actively stabilised in roll by adjusting the wing root bars and in pitch through high-authority tail control,whereas yaw is passively *** a series of flight tests,we successfully demonstrate that our prototype can perform vertical take-off and hover flight under wireless *** promising results position the Explobird as a robust vehicle with high lift capability,paving the way towards the use of FW-MAVs for carrying load equipment in multiple tasks.

关键词： Flapping wing Biologically inspired robots Mechanical design Flight dynamics Damping enhancement

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Triggering triplet excitons of carbon nanodots through nanospace domain confinement for multicolor phosphorescence in aqueous solution

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Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 6534-6543页

作者： Ya-Chuan Liang Qing Cao Yuan deng Yong Wang kai-kai Liu Chong-Xin Shan School of Electronics and Information Zhengzhou University of Light IndustryZhengzhou 450002China Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Material and Devices Key Laboratory of Material PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Academy for Quantum Science and Technology Zhengzhou University of Light IndustryZhengzhou 450002China Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics Henan Academy of SciencesZhengzhou 450046China

Easy non-radiative decay property of long-lived triplet excitons in aqueous solution obstructs their applications in aquatic *** reported phosphorescence phenomena in aqueous solution have excited researchers enormously but achieving full-color water-soluble phosphorescent carbon nanodots(CNDs)is still a challenging ***,full-color phosphorescence of water-soluble CNDs has been demonstrated by triggering their triplet excitons through nanospace domain confinement,and Förster energy resonance transfer is used for further tuning phosphorescence *** phosphorescence spans across most of the visible spectrum,ranging from 400 to 700 *** an aqueous solution,the CNDs exhibits blue,green,and red phosphorescence,lasting for approximately 6,10,and 7 s,***,the phosphorescence quantum yields are 11.85%,8.6%and 3.56%,making them readily discernible to the naked eyes and laying a solid foundation for practical ***,phosphorescence flexible optical display and bioimaging have been demonstrated by using the multicolor CNDs-based nanomaterials,showing distinct superiority for accuracy and complete display and imaging in complex emission background.

关键词： carbon nanodots triplet excitons multicolor aqueous solution

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Design of quasi-zero-stiffness elastic diodes for low-frequency nonreciprocity through machine learning

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2024年第7期40卷 137-151页

作者： Junsen He Jiaxi Zhou kai Wang qiang Wang College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Department of Mechanical Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

Elastic diodes with nonreciprocity have the potential to enable unidirectional modulation of elastic ***,it is a challenge to achieve nonreciprocity at low frequencies(<100 Hz)using existing elastic *** paper proposes a quasizero-stiffness(QZS)elastic diode to resolve such a tough issue and fulfill high-quality low-frequency *** proposed elastic diode is invented by combining a QZS locally resonant metamaterial with a linear one,where the beneficial nonlinearity of the QZS metamaterial facilitates opening an amplitude-dependent band gap at very low ***,the dispersion relation of the QZS metamaterial is derived theoretically based on the harmonic balance method(HBM).Then,the transmissibility of the QZS elastic diode in both the forward and backward directions is calculated through theoretical analyses and numerical ***,the influences of system parameters on the low-frequency nonreciprocal effect are *** results indicate that considerable nonreciprocity is observed at a quite low frequency(e.g.,9 Hz),which is achieved by amplitude-dependent local resonance combined with interface ***,a machine learning-based design optimization is introduced to evaluate and enhance the nonreciprocal effect of the QZS elastic *** the aid of machine learning(ML),the computational cost of predicting nonreciprocal effects during design optimization can be significantly *** design optimization,the nonreciprocal frequency bandwidth can be broadened while maintaining considerable isolation quality at low frequencies.

关键词： Nonreciprocity Low-frequency Elastic diode Quasi-zero-stiffness Nonlinear elastic metamaterials Machine learning

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Effect of Ti_(p) Content on the Work Hardening and Softening Behavior of Mg-Zn-Ca Alloy

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第3期37卷 551-560页

作者： Jin-kai Zhang Cui-Ju Wang Yi-Dan Fan Chao Xu kai-Bo Nie Kun-Kun deng Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Magnesium-Based Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

The Ti_(p)/ZX60 composites with different Ti_(p) contents were prepared by semi-solid stirring *** extrusion,the microstructure,work hardening and softening behavior of the Ti_(p)/ZX60 composites were analyzed compared with the ZX60(Mg-6Zn-0.2Ca)*** results showed that the addition of Ti_(p) could not only promote the nucleation of dynamic recrystallized(DRXed)grains,but also be propitious to the refinement of DRXed *** increasing Ti_(p) content,the size of DRXed grains decreased accompanied with increasing volume fraction of DRXed *** the Ti_(p) content increased to 15 vol.%,the average size and volume fraction of DRXed grains reached to~0.32μm and 93.2%,***,both the strength and elongation were improved by the addition of Ti_(p).With increasing content of Ti_(p),a substantial increase in the strength was achieved with little change in the ***,the elongation decreased sharply when the Ti_(p) content further increased to 15 vol.%.The addition of Ti_(p) led to an increase in the work hardening rate,which gradually increased with increasing Ti_(p) ***,the softening rate did not demonstrate the same tendency with increasing Ti_(p) *** the conventional ceramic particles,the Ti_(p) can be deformed in coordination with the matrix alloy,which imparted a higher softening rate to the matrix *** though the softening rate improved as the Ti_(p) content increased from 5 to 10 vol.%,it dropped deeply as the Ti_(p) content increased to 15 vol.%owing to the fracture of Ti_(p) during extrusion.

关键词： Titanium particle content Particle reinforced magnesium matrix composites Work hardening Softening behavior Mechanical properties

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Role of Stokes Drift in Ocean Dynamics Under Typhoon Conditions in the Bohai Sea

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第1期23卷 33-45页

作者： LI Haoqian WAN kai WANG Menghan deng Zeng’an CAO Yu North China Sea Marine Forecasting Center Qingdao 266061China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment&Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Qingdao 266061China North China Sea Offshore Engineering Survey Institute Qingdao 266061China School of Marine Science and Technology Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China South China Sea Marine Forecasting Center Guangzhou 510006China

The effect of Stokes drift production(SDP),which includes Coriolis-Stokes forcing,Langmuir circulation,and Craik-Lei-bovich vortexes,on the upper ocean during typhoon passage in the Bohai Sea(BS),China,is investigated by using a coupled wave-current *** role of SDP in turbulent mixing and the further dynamics during the entire typhoon period are comprehensively *** results show that SDP greatly increases turbulent mixing at all depths under typhoon conditions by up to seven times that under normal weather *** generally strengthens sea surface cooling by more than 0.4℃,with the maximum reduction in sea surface temperature(SST)at the during-typhoon stage exceeding 2℃,which is approximately seven times larger than that under normal weather *** SDP-induced decrease in current speed can exceed 0.2ms^(-1),and the change in current direction is generally opposite the wind *** results suggest that Stokes drift depresses the effect of strong winds on currents by intensifying turbulent *** layer depth(MLD)is distinctly increased by O(1)during typhoons due to SDP and can deepen by more than *** addition,the continuous effects of SDP on SST,current,and MLD at the after-typhoon stage indi-cate a hysteretic response between SDP and typhoon actions.

关键词： Stokes drift production Langmuir turbulence rurbulent mixing typhoon coupled model

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Intermittent disturbance mechanical behavior and fractional deterioration mechanical model of rock under complex true triaxial stress paths

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第1期34卷 117-136页

作者： Zhi Zheng Hongyu Xu kai Zhang Guangliang Feng qiang Zhang Yufei Zhao State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of EducationCollege of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower ResearchBeijing 100080China State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China

Mechanical excavation,blasting,adjacent rockburst and fracture slip that occur during mining excavation impose dynamic loads on the rock mass,leading to further fracture of damaged surrounding rock in three-dimensional high-stress and even causing ***,a novel complex true triaxial static-dynamic combined loading method reflecting underground excavation damage and then frequent intermittent disturbance failure is *** triaxial static compression and intermittent disturbance tests are carried out on *** effects of intermediate principal stress and amplitude on the strength characteristics,deformation characteristics,failure characteristics,and precursors of monzogabbro are analyzed,intermediate principal stress and amplitude increase monzogabbro strength and tensile fracture *** increases in microseismic parameters during rock loading can be precursors for intermittent rock *** on the experimental result,the new damage fractional elements and method with considering crack initiation stress and crack unstable stress as initiation and acceleration condition of intermittent disturbance irreversible deformation are proposed.A novel three-dimensional disturbance fractional deterioration model considering the intermediate principal stress effect and intermittent disturbance damage effect is established,and the model predicted results align well with the experimental *** sensitivity of stress states and model parameters is further explored,and the intermittent disturbance behaviors at different f are *** study provides valuable theoretical bases for the stability analysis of deep mining engineering under dynamic loads.

关键词： True triaxial static and disturbance test Mechanical properties Failure mechanism and precursor Intermittent disturbance effect Fractional mechanical model

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Exploring Trade-offs in Thermal Interface Materials:The Impact of Polymer-Filler Interfaces on Thermal Conductivity and Thixotropy

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第7期42卷 916-925,I0006页

作者： Bin Zhang Zheng-Li Dou Yong-Zheng Zhang qiang Fu kai Wu College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China

Effective thermal transport across solid-solid interfaces which is essential in thermal interface materials(TIMs),necessitates both optimal thixotropy and high thermal *** role of filler surface modification,a fundamental aspect of TIM fabrication,in the influence of these properties is not fully *** study employs the use of a silane coupling agent(SCA)to modify alumina,integrating experimental approaches with molecular dynamics simulations,to elucidate the interface effects on thixotropy and thermal conductivity in polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)-based *** findings reveal that the variations of SCAs modify both interface binding energy and transition layer *** interface binding energy restricts macromolecular segmental relaxation near the interface,hindering desirable thixotropy and bond line *** the contrary,the thickness of the transition layer at the interface positively influences thermal conductivity,facilitating the transport of phonons between the polymer and ***,selecting an optimal SCA allows a balance between traditionally conflicting goals of high thermal conductivity and minimal bond line thickness,achieving an impressively low interface thermal resistance of just 2.45-4.29 K·mm^(2)·W^(-1)at275.8 kPa.

关键词： Thermal interface material Surface modification Thermal conductivity Thixotropy Interface thermal resistance

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Classification of high-ordered topological nodes towards Moiré flat bands in twisted bilayers

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第9期67卷 133-147页

作者： Fan Cui Congcong Le qiang Zhang Xianxin Wu Jiangping Hu Ching-kai Chiu Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China RIKEN Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences(iTHEMS) Wako 351-0198Japan CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Kavli Institute of Theoretical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China New Cornerstone Science Laboratory Beijing 100190China

At magic twisted angles,Dirac cones in twisted bilayer graphene(TBG)can evolve into flat bands,serving as a critical playground for the study of strongly correlated *** chiral symmetry is introduced,rigorous mathematical proof confirms that the flat bands are locked at zero energy in the entire Moiré Brillouin zone(BZ).Yet,TBG is not the sole platform that exhibits this absolute band *** to this flatness phenomenon are topological nodes and their specific locations in the *** this study,considering twisted bilayer systems that preserve chiral symmetry,we classify various ordered topological nodes in base layers and all possible node locations across different ***,we constrain the node locations to rotational centers,such as Γ and M points,to ensure the interlayer coupling retains equal strength in all *** this classification as a foundation,we systematically identify the conditions under which Moiré flat bands ***,through the extension of holomorphic functions,we provide proof that flat bands are locked at zero energy,shedding light on the origin of the band ***,beyond Dirac cones,numerous twisted bilayer nodal platforms can host flat bands with a degeneracy number of more than two,such as four-fold,six-fold,and *** multiplicity of degeneracy in flat bands might unveil more complex and enriched correlation physics.

关键词： twisted bilayer systems high-ordered topological nodes Moriéflat bands high degeneracy

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