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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第2期10卷 371-377页

作者： Pohan Chen Kai Sun Chenghui Zhang Bo sun the Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina the School of Control Science and Engineering Shandong UniversityJinanChina

Heat exchanger systems(HXSs)or heat recovery steam generators(HRSGs)are commonly used in 100 kW to 50 MW combined cooling,heating,and power(CCHP)systems.Power flow coupling(PFC)is found in HXSs and is complex for researchers to quantify.This could possibly mislead the dispatch schedule and result in the inaccurate dispatch.PFC is caused by the inlet and outlet temperatures of each component,gas flow pressure variation,conductive medium flow rate,and atmosphere condition variation.In this paper,the expression of PFC is built by using quadratic functions to fit the non!inearit>of thermal dynamics.While fitting the model,the environmental condition needs prediction,which is calculated using phase space reconstruction(PSR)Kalman filter.In order to solve the complex quadratic dispatch model,a hybrid following electricity load(FEL)and following thermal load(FTL)mode for reducing the dimension of dispatch model,and a feasible zone analysis(FZA)method are proposed.As a result,the PFC problem of CCHP system is solved,and the dispatch cost,investment cost,and the maximum power requirements are optimized.In this paper,a case in Jinan,China is studied.The PFC model is proven to be more precise and accurate compared with traditional models.

关键词： Combined cooling heating and power(CCHP)system renewable energy source(RES) load prediction operation strategy exergy and energy analysis power flow coupling(PFC)model.

Alkaline earth metal-based minerals/wastes-catalyzed pyrolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(butylene terephthalate)for benzenes-enriched oil production

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第3期5卷 269-282页

作者： Kai Sun Zhenyu Lin Qunxing Huang College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China Xizi Clean Energy Equipment Manufacturing Co. Ltd.Hangzhou310021China State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China

The pyrolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)/poly(butylene terephthalate)(PBT)catalyzed by five alkaline earth metal-based minerals/wastes,namely calcined dolomite,calcite,magnesite,calcium carbide slag(CCS),and ophicalcitum,was conducted by a pyrolyzer-gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(Py-GC-MS)with the objective of recovering benzenes-enriched oil.Compared with magnesium-based catalysts and pure CaO,the calcium-based catalysts with calcium hydroxide as the main component performed better catalytic effect,which could simultaneously promote the hydrolysis of ester products and the decarboxylation of aromatic acids after hydrolysis.For PET,the addition of solid base catalysts at 600℃promoted the complete degradation of aromatic acids and aryl esters,which accounted for 32.6%and 30.7%of the pyrolysis oil,respectively.The content of benzene in oil increased from 8.8%to 31.7%–78.8%.For PBT,the addition of solid base catalysts at 600℃completely decomposed the aromatic acids,which accounted for 67.1%of the pyrolysis oil,and the content of benzene in oil increased from 12.3%to 34.5%–81.0%.During the deoxygenation of polyester pyrolysis products,increasing temperature was more effective for the decomposition/conversion of acetone and tetrahydrofuran,while increasing the alkalinity of the reaction environment contributed to the rapid decrease in acetaldehyde and aryl ketone contents.

关键词： Pyrolysis Benzene Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Poly(butylene terephthalate) Decarboxylation Py-GC-MS

Performance Analysis for Mobility Management of Dual Connectivity in HetNet

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Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology 2022年第5期31卷 505-512页

作者： Wei Huang Lin Guo Kai Sun College of Electronic Engineering Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China.

Dual connectivity(DC)is regarded as a promising technology to increase users’throughput,provide radio link robustness,and improve load-balancing among base stations(BSs).However,since the introduction of DC makes the mobility of network more complex and diversified,especially the mobility management of heterogeneous networks(HetNets)based on DC faces great challenges.Taking event-A3-based measurement report as the trigger condition for handover(HO),this paper compares and evaluates the influences of HO of master nodes(MNs)and secondary nodes(SNs)on link reliability in different bearing modes.Particularly,hybrid automatic repeat request(HARQ),throughput,channel quality indicators(CQIs),and data packets queuing time are taken as link reliability analysis indicators.Besides,we study how DC utilizes the traffic split ratio between MNs and SNs to maximize the superiority of throughput.Simulation results show that DC can effectively reduce the impact of HO on the number of HARQ and increase the throughput of users.When the data traffic is tilted to the secondary nodes,the superiority of throughput is more obvious.

关键词： dual connectivity heterogeneous network(HetNet) mobility management traffic split ratio

Trifluoromethoxylation/trifluoromethylthiolation/trifluoromethylselenolation strategy for the construction of heterocycles

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第5期34卷 3-15页

作者： Xin Wang Zhichuan Wang Zhenjian Li Kai Sun College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yantai UniversityYantai 264005China State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Research Institute of ForestryChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China

The XCF_(3)groups(X=O,S,Se)play an increasingly important role in modern organic chemistry due to their unique electronegativity,lipophilic nature,metabolic stability,and bioavailability.Heterocyclic compounds are important scaffolds in many bioactive compounds and drugs.The incorporation of XCF_(3)groups into heterocyclic compounds can change their physicochemical and biological properties,which injects new vitality into the application of heterocyclic compounds in many fields such as organic chemistry,the pharmaceutical chemistry,and life sciences.In this paper,the recent progress in the synthesis of F_(3)CX-containing heterocycles is reviewed,and the application scope and mechanism of some reactions are discussed.

关键词： Trifluoromethoxylation Trifluoromethylthiolation Trifluoromethylselenolation Cyclization

Engineered biocontainable RNA virus vectors for non-transgenic genome editing across crop species and genotypes

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Molecular Plant 2023年第3期16卷 616-631页

作者： Qian Liu Chenglu Zhao Kai Sun Yinlu Deng Zhenghe Li State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology Institute of BiotechnologyZhejang UniversityHangzhouChina Ministry of Agricutture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejang Province Zhejang UniversityHangzhouChina

CRISPR/Cas genome-editing tools provide unprecedented opportunities for basic plant biology research and crop breeding.However,the lack of robust delivery methods has limited the widespread adoption of these revolutionary technologies in plant science.Here,we report an efficient,non-transgenic CRISPR/Cas delivery platform based on the engineered tomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV),an RNA virus with a host range of over 1000 plant species.We eliminated viral elements essential for insect transmission to liberate genome space for accommodating large genetic cargoes without sacrificing the ability to infect plant hosts.The resulting non-insect-transmissible viral vectors enabled effective and stable in planta delivery of Cas12a and Cas9 nucleases as well as adenine and cytosine base editors.In systemically infected plant tissues,the deconstructed TSWV-derived vectors induced efficient somatic gene mutations and base conversions in multiple crop species with little genotype dependency.Plants with heritable,bi-allelic mutations could be readily regenerated by culturing the virus-infected tissues in vitro without antibiotic selection.Moreover,we showed that antiviral treatment with ribavirin during tissue culture cleared the viral vectors in 100%of regenerated plants and further augmented the recovery of heritable mutations.Because many plants are recalcitrant to stable transformation,the viral delivery system developed in this work provides a promising tool to overcome gene delivery bottlenecks for genome editing in various crop species and elite varieties.

关键词： genome editing CRISPR-Cas base editor RNA virus vector tomato spotted wilt virus bunyavirus delivery non-transgenic

Probing the interlayer mechanical coupling of 2D layered materials-A review

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2022年第5期32卷 528-537页

作者： Yinghui sun Yufei sun Rongming Wang kai Liu Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science School of Mathematics and Physics University of Science and Technology Beijing State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University

Two-dimensional(2D) layered materials are assembled through the intralayer covalent bonds and interlayer van der Waals(vdWs) interactions. The relatively weak interlayer vdWs interactions result in the weak interlayer mechanical coupling between layers, which strongly impacts the overall mechanical properties of multilayer 2D materials or heterostructures. Experimentally probing the interlayer mechanical coupling is of vital importance on the accumulation of fundamental parameters for their applications in flexible and stretchable devices, yet there are hardly comprehensive reviews in this research field. In this review, we firstly introduce the probing methods of interlayer mechanical coupling, including high-frequency and ultralow-frequency Raman characterizations,nanoindentation of multilayer 2D materials or heterostructures, surface indentation, pressurized blister test,characterization of spontaneously formed nanoblisters, and nano-friction tests. Based on the analysis and comparison of the existing methods and results, we also discuss the advantages and limitations of each method.Finally, the challenges and opportunities in this promising field are discussed. This review summarizes the recent progress in the probing of interlayer mechanical coupling of 2D layered materials and will provide important reference for the rational design of flexible and stretchable devices.

关键词： van der Waals interaction Mechanical properties Indentation Heterostructures

Ameliorating effects of traditional Chinese medicine preparation, Chinese materia medica and active compounds on ischemia/reperfusion-induced cerebral microcirculatory disturbances and neuron damage

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2015年第1期5卷 8-24页

作者： Kai Sun Jingyu Fan Jingyan Han Tasly Microcirculation Research Center Peking University Health Science Center Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Key Laboratory of Microcirculation State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine for Microangiopathy

Ischemic stroke and ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury induced by thrombolytic therapy are conditions with high mortality and serious long-term physical and cognitive disabilities. They have a major impact on global public health. These disorders are associated with multiple insults to the cerebral microcirculation, including reactive oxygen species(ROS) overproduction, leukocyte adhesion and infiltration, brain blood barrier(BBB) disruption, and capillary hypoperfusion, ultimately resulting in tissue edema, hemorrhage, brain injury and delayed neuron damage. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been used in China, Korea, Japan and other Asian countries for treatment of a wide range of diseases.In China, the usage of compound TCM preparation to treat cerebrovascular diseases dates back to the Han Dynasty. Even thousands of years earlier, the medical formulary recorded many classical prescriptions for treating cerebral I/R-related diseases. This review summarizes current information and underlying mechanisms regarding the ameliorating effects of compound TCM preparation, Chinese materia medica,and active components on I/R-induced cerebral microcirculatory disturbances, brain injury and neuron damage.

关键词： Ischemia/reperfusion Antioxidant Leukocyte adhesion Hyperpermeability Brain blood barrier Neuron

Recent advances in transition-metal-free trifluoromethylation with Togni’s reagents

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Organic Chemistry Frontiers 2022年第4期9卷 1152-1164页

作者： Jin-Yang Chen Jing Huang Kai Sun Wei-Min He School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of South ChinaHengyangHunan 421001China Green Catalysis Center College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityKexue Road No.100Zhengzhou 450001China

Transition-metal-free trifluoromethylations have attracted significant research interest driven by the increasing importance of CF 3-containing compounds.Among the various trifluoromethylation reagents,Togni’s reagents exhibit exceptional reactivities,and many important organic transformations have been realized employing such reagents.

关键词： compounds reagents exceptional

Predicting Hurricane Evacuation Decisions with Interpretable Machine Learning Methods

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 134-148页

作者： Yuran sun Shih‑kai Huang Xilei Zhao Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Department of Emergency Management and Public Administration Jacksonville State UniversityJacksonvilleAL 36265USA

Facing the escalating effects of climate change,it is critical to improve the prediction and understanding of the hurricane evacuation decisions made by households in order to enhance emergency management.Current studies in this area often have relied on psychology-driven linear models,which frequently exhibited limitations in practice.The present study proposed a novel interpretable machine learning approach to predict household-level evacuation decisions by leveraging easily accessible demographic and resource-related predictors,compared to existing models that mainly rely on psychological factors.An enhanced logistic regression model(that is,an interpretable machine learning approach) was developed for accurate predictions by automatically accounting for nonlinearities and interactions(that is,univariate and bivariate threshold effects).Specifically,nonlinearity and interaction detection were enabled by low-depth decision trees,which offer transparent model structure and robustness.A survey dataset collected in the aftermath of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita,two of the most intense tropical storms of the last two decades,was employed to test the new methodology.The findings show that,when predicting the households’ evacuation decisions,the enhanced logistic regression model outperformed previous linear models in terms of both model fit and predictive capability.This outcome suggests that our proposed methodology could provide a new tool and framework for emergency management authorities to improve the prediction of evacuation traffic demands in a timely and accurate manner.

关键词： Artifcial Intelligence(AI) Decision-making modeling Hurricane evacuation Interpretable machine learning Nonlinearity and interaction detection

Direct benzylation reactions from benzyl halides enabled by transition-metal-free photocatalysis

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2022年第12期33卷 5074-5079页

作者： Panjie Xiang Kai Sun Shuang Wang Xiaolan Chen Lingbo Qu Bing Yu Green Catalysis Center College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC Zhengzhou 450001China

An SN2-based photochemical strategy using dithiocarbamate anion as catalyst was developed for the activation of benzyl halides,which are extremely challenging to be applied as radical precursors in visible light photocatalysis.With this transition-metal-free and oxidant-free protocol,the benzylation(or cyanomethylation)of various heterocycles including quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones,coumarin,2-phenyl-2H-indazole,1-methyl-5-phenylpyrazin-2(1H)-one,1-(fluoromethyl)cinnolin-4(1H)-one,and 2,4-dibenzyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione could be realized(46 examples,up to 98%yield).Importantly,some biologically relevant 3-benzylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones were also be synthesized under mild conditions.

关键词： Benzylation Photocatalysis Transition-metal-free Radical reaction N-Heterocyclics