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Different Asian Monsoon Rainfall Responses to Idealized Orography Sensitivity Experiments in the HadGEM3-GA6 and FGOALS-FAMIL Global Climate Models

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第8期35卷 153-166页

作者： kai chi wong Senfeng LIU Andrew G. TURNER Reinhard K. SchiEMANN Department of Meteorology University of Reading Reading RG6 6BB United Kingdom State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Recent work has shown the dominance of the Himalaya in supporting the Indian summer monsoon （ISM）, perhaps by surface sensible heating along its southern slope and by mechanical blocking acting to separate moist tropical flow from drier midlatitnde air. Previous studies have also shown that Indian snmmer rainfall is largely unaffected in sensitivity experiments that remove only the Tibetan Plateau. However, given the large biases in simulating the monsoon in CMIP5 models, such results may be model dependent. This study investigates the impact of orographic forcing from the Tibetan Plateau, Himalaya and Iranian Plateau on the ISM and East Asian snmmer monsoon （EASM） in the UK Met Office＇s HadGEM3-GA6 and china＇s Institute of Atmospheric Physics FGOALS-FAMIL global climate models. The models chosen featnre oppositesigned biases in their simulation of the ISM rainfall and circulation climatology. The changes to ISM and EASM circulation across the sensitivity experiments are similar in both models and consistent with previous studies. However, considerable differences exist in the rainfall responses over India and china, and in the detailed aspects such as onset and retreat dates. In particular, the models show opposing changes in Indian monsoon rainfall when the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau orography are removed. Our results show that a multi-model approach, as suggested in the forthcoming Global Monsoon Model Intercomparison Project （GMMIP） associated with CMIP6, is needed to clarify the impact of orographic forcing on the Asian monsoon and to fully understand the implications of model systematic error.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau East Asian summer monsoon Indian summer monsoon model bias Global Monsoon Model Intercompaxison Project (GMMIP)

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Comparison of a Manual and an Automated Tracking Method for Tibetan Plateau Vortices

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第8期35卷 69-84页

作者： Julia CURIO Yongren CHEN Reinhard SchiEMANN Andrew G. TURNER kai chi wong Kevin HODGES Yueqing LI NCAS-Climate University of Reading Reading RG6 6BB UK Department of Meteorology University of Reading Reading RG6 6BB UK Institute of Plateau Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Chengdu 610072 China Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu 610072 China

Tibetan Plateau vortices （TPVs） are mesoscale cyclones originating over the Tibetan Plateau （TP） dnring the extended summer season （April-September）. Most TPVs stay on the TP, but a small number can move off the TP to the east. TPVs are known to be one of the main precipitation-bearing systems on the TP and moving-off TPVs have been associated with heavy precipitation and flooding downstream of the TP （e.g., in Sichuan province or over the Yangtze River Valley）. Identifying and tracking TPVs is difficult because of their comparatively small horizontal extent （400-800 kin） and the limited availability of soundings over the TP, which in turn constitutes a challenge for short-term predictions of TPV-related impacts and for the climatological study of TPVs. In this study, （i） manual tracking （MT） results using radiosonde data from a network over and downstream of the TP are compared with （ii） results obtained by an automated tracking （AT） algorithm applied to ERA-Interim data. Ten MT-TPV cases are selected based on method （i） and matched to and compared with the corresponding AT-TPVs identified with method （ii）. Conversely, ten AT-TPVs are selected and compared with the corresponding MT-TPVs. In general, the comparison shows good results in cases where the underlying data are in good agreement, but considerable differences are also seen in some cases and explained in terms of differences in the tracking methods, data availability/coverage and disagreement between sounding and ERA-Interim data. Recommendations are given for future efforts in TPV detection and tracking, including in an operational weather forecasting context.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Vortices Yearbook of TPVs TRACK mesoscale cyclones manual tracking automated tracking

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Autophagy modulates CD4^(+) T-cell lineage recommitment upon pathogen infection

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第7期17卷 682-683页

作者： kai Yang Hongbo chi Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Microbiology and Immunology Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Immunology St.Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA

The thymus provides specialized signals that support and guide the development of precursor cells into various T-cell lineages,including conventionalαβT cells comprising the CD4^(+) and CD8^(+) T-cell subsets that are key mediators of adaptive *** the thymus,a complex network of persistent T-cell receptor(TCR)activation,cytokine signals,and transcription factors dictates the development of CD4^(+) and CD8^(+) T cells.1 The fate commitment of CD4^(+) and CD8^(+) T-cell lineages is reciprocally orchestrated by the ThPOK-and Runx3-dependent transcriptome.2,3 In the periphery,mature CD4^(+) or CD8^(+) T cells are activated by specific antigens bound to major histocompatibility complex class II(MHC-II)or I(MHC-I),respectively,which facilitates their clonal expansion and effector function in defense against pathogen *** the dichotomy of CD4 and CD8 lineage decisions is considered to be stable in mature T cells,whether and how pathogens reprogram lineage commitment during an immune response remain *** this issue of Cellular and Molecular Immunology,4 Robins et *** that Vps34/Atg7-dependent autophagy inhibits the generation of MHC-II-restricted CD4−CD8^(+) T cells by restraining Runx3 expression in effector CD4^(+) T cells upon pathogen infection(Fig.1).

关键词： Runx3 lineage infection

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MHC class I-LILRB3 delivers a punch to eliminate precancerous cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第6期19卷 655-656页

作者： chi Chun wong Jun Yu Institute of Digestive Disease Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsState Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseaseLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

In the study by Ayukawa et al.[1],the authors presented an innate defense mechanism whereby normal epithelial cells actively remove precancerous cells from the epithelium via mechanical extrusion(Fig.1).

关键词： precancerous epithelium

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Changes in segment coordination variability and the impacts of the lower limb across running mileages in half marathons:Implications for running injuries

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 67-74页

作者： Tony Lin-Wei Chen Duo Wai-chi wong Yan Wang Qitao Tan Wing-kai Lam Ming Zhang Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringHong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SAR 999077China Li Ning Sports Science Research Center Li Ning(China)Sports Goods Co.LtdBeijing 101111China Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057China Department of Kinesiology Shenyang Sports InstituteShenyang 110102China

Background:Segment coordination variability(CV)is a movement pattern associated with running-related *** can also be adversely affected by a prolonged ***,research on this topic is currently *** purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a prolonged run on segment CV and vertical loading rates during a treadmill half ***:Fifteen healthy runners ran a half marathon on an instrumental treadmill in a biomechanical *** kinematic and kinetic data were collected every 2 km(from 2 km until 20 km),and the data were processed by musculoskeletal *** CVs were computed from the angle-angle plots of selected pelvis-thigh,thigh-shank,and shank-rearfoot couplings using a modified vector coding *** loading rate of vertical ground reaction force was also calculated.A one-way MANOVA with repeated measures was performed on each of the outcome variables to examine the main effect of running ***:Significant effects of running mileage were found on segment CVs(p≤0.010)but not on loading rate(p=0.881).Notably,during the early stance phase,the CV of pelvis frontal thigh frontal was significantly increased at 20 km compared with the CV at 8 km(g=0.59,p=0.022).The CV of shank transverse *** frontal decreased from 2 km to 8 km(g=0.30,p=0.020)but then significantly increased at both 18 km(g=0.05,p<0.001)and 20 km(g=0.36,p<0.001).Conclusion:At the early stance,runners maintained stable CVs on the sagittal plane,which could explain the unchanged loading rate throughout the half ***,increased CVs on the frontal/transverse plane may be an early sign of fatigue and indicative of possible injury *** studies are necessary for conclusive statements in this regard.

关键词： Coupling angle Endurance running Motion capture analysis Musculoskeletal modeling Vector coding technique

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Pyrimidine-containing covalent organic frameworks for efficient photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide via one-step two electron oxygen reduction process

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Nano Research 2024年第11期17卷 9498-9506页

作者： Hongyu Chen Hao Zhang kai chi Yan Zhao Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital Beijing 100853 China Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China

The photocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), particularly the one-step two-electron (2e−) pathway, is a highly promising strategy for efficient and selective hydrogen peroxide (H_(2)O_(2)) synthesis. However, constructing efficient photocatalysts to achieve a one-step 2e− ORR process remains a significant challenge. Herein, we developed an efficient photocatalyst by incorporating pyrimidine units into benzotrithiophene-based covalent organic framework (BTT-MD-COF), enabling the photosynthesis of H_(2)O_(2) via the one-step 2e− ORR pathway with O_(2) and water. Under visible-light irradiation, BTT-MD-COF exhibited a high H_(2)O_(2) production rate of up to 5691.2 µmol·h^(−1)·g^(−1). Further experimental results and theoretical studies revealed that the introduction of pyrimidine units accelerates the separation of photoinduced electron–hole pairs and promotes Yeager-type O_(2) adsorption, which alters the two-step 2e− ORR process to the direct one-step 2e− process. This work offers a new avenue to create metal-free catalysts for efficient photosynthesis of H_(2)O_(2).

关键词： covalent organic frameworks photocatalysis hydrogen peroxide oxygen reduction reaction pyrimidine units

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Anatomic and technical skill factor of gastroduodenal complication in post-transarterial embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: A retrospective study of 280 cases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第10期11卷 1554-1557页

作者： Ting-kai Leung chi-Ming Lee Hsin-chi Chen Department of Diagnostic Radiology

AIM: To reduce the possibility of gastroduodenal complications. The purpose of this retrospective study was to survey the literature and compare and discuss the incidence of post-transarterial embolization (TAE)gastroduodenal ***: We found reports describing 280 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma with TAE procedures done during the past 4 years and selected all of them for our *** these cases, 86 were suspected of suffering gastroduodenal complications within one month of postTAE treatment. Fifteen of these cases were proved by pan-endoscopy to have gastroduodenal erosions or ulcerations. We reviewed the angiographic pictures in patient records to evaluate the possibility that anatomic and technical skill factors could explain the ***: Amongst the 15 cases, 9 were primary lesions of the antrum and prepylorus; 4 had duodenal ulcer or erosions; 2 had mid-body lesions; none showed a lesion at the fundus or cardia region. Three cases had not received TAEs using our ideal method, and may be associated with possible regurgitation of gel-foam pieces into the right or left gastric arteries. Two cases involved sub-selective embolization at a distal point on the hepatic artery; one case was found by angiography to have complete occlusion of the celiac ***: Comparing our results with past cases of post-TAE gastroduodenal complications, we surmise that our relatively low incidence (5.3%) of gastric complications might be explained by our concerted efforts to improve our technical skills in multi-sequential, selective and superselective approaches to the embolization of tumor vessels.

关键词： Post-TAE complication Transarterial embolization Gastroduodenal complication

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Need of integrated dietary therapy for persons with diabetes mellitus and “unhealthy” body constitution presentations

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2016年第4期14卷 255-268页

作者： Yee chi Peggy wong Dietetic Department Tuen Mun Hospital

From a perspective of chinese medicine （CM）, persons with unregulated ＂unhealthy＂ body constitution （BC） will further develop chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus （DM）. Conventional dietary therapy with nutrition component has its limitations in the regulation of ＂unhealthy＂ BC. However, empirical evidence supports that ＂unhealthy＂ BC can be regulated with food natures and flavors from a perspective of CM. Presentations of ＂unhealthy＂ BC types, such as Yin-deficiency, Yang-deficiency and Yin-Yangdeficiency were found in persons with DM. It would be necessary to regulate the ＂unhealthy＂ BC presentations with integration of conventional dietary therapy and chinese food therapy. The ultimate goal is to either stabilize glycaemic control or prevent the development of other chronic diseases leading to reduction of disease burden, such as disease-related poor quality of life, stress of healthcare professionals and the rising of healthcare cost.

关键词： body constitution diabetes mellitus Yin deficiency Yang deficiency dietary therapy

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Fatal thrombotic complications of hepatic cystic compression of the inferior vena: A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第11期11卷 1728-1729页

作者： Ting-kai Leung chi-Ming Lee Hsin-chi Chen Department of Diagnostic Radiology

Of 5% of patients who develop liver cysts, only 10-15%of them come for medical attention, typically because of dull right upper quadrant pain, abdominal bloating or early satiety. We treated a 77-year-old female with a rare complication of inferior vena cava thrombosis. The patient expired due to septic shock and multiple organ failure.

关键词： Liver cyst Inferior vena cava thrombosis Non-parasitic cyst Cellulitis IVC compression Sepsis

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Clinical significance of exosomes as potential biomarkers in cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第2期7卷 171-190页

作者： chi-Hin wong Yang-Chao Chen School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong Kong

BACKGROUND Exosomes are microvesicles, measuring 30-100 nm in diameter. They are widely distributed in body fluids, including blood, bile, urine and saliva. Cancer-derived exosomes carry a wide variety of DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids, and may serve as novel biomarkers in *** To summarize the performance of exosomal biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and *** Relevant publications in the literature were identified by search of the "PubMed"database up to September 11, 2018. The quality of the included studies was assessed by QUADAS-2 and REMARK. For assessment of diagnostic biomarkers,47 biomarkers and 2240 patients from 30 studies were *** Our results suggested that these exosomal biomarkers had excellent diagnostic ability in various types of cancer, with good sensitivity and specificity. For assessment of prognostic markers, 50 biomarkers and 4797 patients from 42 studies were included. We observed that exosomal biomarkers had prognostic values in overall survival, disease-free survival and recurrence-free *** Exosomes can function as potential biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

关键词： Exosome Biomarker Cancer Diagnosis Prognosis

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