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New insight into the role of exosomes in idiopathic membrane nephropathy

BIOCELL 2024年第1期48卷 21-32页

作者： JIANHONG LIU kai he HAN WANG XIAOHONG CheNG Department of Nephrology Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineXian710000China School of BasicMedical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu611137China Department of Pathophysiology West China College of Basic Medical Sciences&Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China

Exosomes,nanoscale extracellular vesicles(EVs)derived from the invagination of the endosomal membrane,are secreted by a majority of cell types.As carriers of DNA,mRNA,proteins,and microRNAs,exosomes are implicated in regulating biological activities under physiological and pathological conditions.Kidney-derived exosomes,which vary in origin and function,may either contribute to the pathogenesis of disease or represent a potential therapeutic resource.Membranous nephropathy(MN),an autoimmune kidney disease characterized by glomerular damage,is a predominant cause of nephrotic syndrome.Notably,MN,especially idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN),often results in end-stage renal disease(ESRD),affecting approximately 30%of patients and posing a considerable economic challenge to healthcare systems.Despite substantial research,therapeutic options remain ineffective at halting IMN progression,underscoring the urgent need for innovative strategies.Emerging evidence has implicated exosomes in IMN’s pathophysiology;Providing a fresh perspective for the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies.This review aims to scrutinize recent developments in exosome-related mechanisms in IMN and evaluate their potential as promising therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers,with the hope of catalyzing further investigations into the utility of exosomes in MN,particularly IMN,ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes in these challenging disease settings.

关键词： Exosomes Biomarkers Membranous nephropathy Therapeutic targets

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Adsorption,in vitro digestion and human gut microbiota regulation characteristics of three Poria cocos polysaccharides

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1685-1697页

作者： Fangming Zhang Hui Zheng Tao Zheng Pan Xu Yao Xu Yuxin Cao Fan Jia Yiqiong Zeng Yubing Fan kai he Xinwen Dai Fengfei Hou Yong Yang College of Pharmacy Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangsha 410208China School of Pharmaceutical Science Hunan University of MedicineHuaihua 418000China Hunan Fuling Engineering Technology Research Center Huaihua 418100China

Poria cocos(PC)is a famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and a widely used healthcare ingredient,which has antiobesity,enhancing immunity and improving sleep effects.Traditionally,only water-soluble poria polysaccharide(WSP)is extracted and applied for clinical application,while insoluble polysaccharide(alkali-soluble poria polysaccharide,ASP)is discarded as herb residue.However,the whole PC has also been historically utilized as functional herbal food.Considering the beneficial role of dietary fiber and the traditional use of PC,ASP may also contribute substantially to the therapy function of PC.Compared to WSP,little attention has been paid to ASP and ASP modified product carboxymethyl poria polysaccharide(CMP)which has been used as an antitumor adjuvant drug.In this study,the oil,cholesterol,metal ions and polyphenols adsorption ability,in vitro simulated digestive and the gut microbiota fermentation characteristics of WSP,ASP and CMP were studied to evaluate the functional values of three P.cocos polysaccharides(PCPs).The results showed that all three PCPs had good adsorption capacity on cholesterol,polyphenols and metal ions(Cd^(2+)/Zn^(2+)/Mg^(2+)),among which ASP showed the highest capacity than WSP and CMP.The adsorption capacity of all three PCPs on heavy metal ions(Cd^(2+)/Zn^(2+))was stronger than that of non-heavy metal ions(Mg^(2+));The in vitro digestibility of all three PCPs was very low,but WSP was slightly higher than ASP and CMP;Moreover,the indigestible residue of all three PCPs could improve the richness and diversity of gut microbiota,among which ASP had the greatest influence.In general,ASP and CMP could significantly promote the proliferation of some probiotics and inhibit the growth of some harmful bacteria.The gut microbiota diversity of CMP was reduced,but the richness of probiotics,especially Parabacteroides distasonis was significantly enhanced compared with the ASP group,and the growth of harmful bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae was inhibited after CMP treatment.The short-chain fatty

关键词： Poria cocos polysaccharides Alkali-soluble poria polysaccharide Carboxymethyl poria polysaccharide Adsorption characteristics In vitro simulated digestion In vitro simulated gut microbiota fermentation

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Intelligent diagnostic model for pterygium by combining attention mechanism and MobileNetV2

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第7期17卷 1184-1192页

作者： Mao-Nian Wu kai he Yi-Bei Yu Bo Zheng Shao-Jun Zhu Xiang-Qian Hong Wen-Qun Xi Zhe Zhang School of Information Engineering Huzhou UniversityHuzhou 313000Zhejiang ProvinceChina Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Smart Management and Application of Modern Agricultural Resources Huzhou UniversityHuzhou 313000Zhejiang ProvinceChina School of Mathematical Information Shaoxing UniversityShaoxing 312000Zhejiang ProvinceChina Shenzhen Eye Institute Shenzhen Eye HospitalJinan UniversityShenzhen 518040Guangdong ProvinceChina

AIM:To evaluate the application of an intelligent diagnostic model for pterygium.METHODS:For intelligent diagnosis of pterygium,the attention mechanisms—SENet,ECANet,CBAM,and Self-Attention—were fused with the lightweight MobileNetV2 model structure to construct a tri-classification model.The study used 1220 images of three types of anterior ocular segments of the pterygium provided by the Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.Conventional classification models—VGG16,ResNet50,MobileNetV2,and EfficientNetB7—were trained on the same dataset for comparison.To evaluate model performance in terms of accuracy,Kappa value,test time,sensitivity,specificity,the area under curve(AUC),and visual heat map,470 test images of the anterior segment of the pterygium were used.RESULTS:The accuracy of the MobileNetV2+Self-Attention model with 281 MB in model size was 92.77%,and the Kappa value of the model was 88.92%.The testing time using the model was 9ms/image in the server and 138ms/image in the local computer.The sensitivity,specificity,and AUC for the diagnosis of pterygium using normal anterior segment images were 99.47%,100%,and 100%,respectively;using anterior segment images in the observation period were 88.30%,95.32%,and 96.70%,respectively;and using the anterior segment images in the surgery period were 88.18%,94.44%,and 97.30%,respectively.CONCLUSION:The developed model is lightweight and can be used not only for detection but also for assessing the severity of pterygium.

关键词： deep learning attention mechanism pterygium intelligent diagnosis

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Hydrologic Response to Future Climate Change in the Dulong-Irra-waddy River Basin Based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第2期34卷 294-310页

作者： XU Ziyue MA kai YUAN Xu he Daming Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security Kunming 650500China

Within the context of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor(CMEC),the Dulong-Ir-rawaddy(Ayeyarwady)River,an international river among China,India and Myanmar,plays a significant role as both a valuable hydro-power resource and an essential ecological passageway.However,the water resources and security exhibit a high degree of vulnerabil-ity to climate change impacts.This research evaluates climate impacts on the hydrology of the Dulong-Irrawaddy River Basin(DIRB)by using a physical-based hydrologic model.We crafted future climate scenarios using the three latest global climate models(GCMs)from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6(CMIP6)under two shared socioeconomic pathways(SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5)for the near(2025-2049),mid(2050-2074),and far future(2075-2099).The regional model using MIKE She based on historical hydrologic processes was developed to further project future streamflow,demonstrating reliable performance in streamflow simulations with a val-idation Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency(NSE)of 0.72.Results showed that climate change projections showed increases in the annual precip-itation and potential evapotranspiration(PET),with precipitation increasing by 11.3%and 26.1%,and PET increasing by 3.2%and 4.9%,respectively,by the end of the century under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5.These changes are projected to result in increased annual streamflow at all stations,notably at the basin’s outlet(Pyay station)compared to the baseline period(with an increase of 16.1%and 37.0%at the end of the 21st century under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5,respectively).Seasonal analysis for Pyay station forecasts an in-crease in dry-season streamflow by 31.3%-48.9%and 22.5%-76.3%under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5,respectively,and an increase in wet-season streamflow by 5.8%-12.6%and 2.8%-33.3%,respectively.Moreover,the magnitude and frequency of flood events are pre-dicted to escalate,potentially impacting hydropower production and food security significantly.This research outlines the hydrological response to futu

关键词： climate change hydrologic response Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6(CMIP6) MIKE She(Système Hydrologique Europeén) Dulong-Irrawaddy River Basin

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Predicting Rock Burst in Underground Engineering Leveraging a Novel Metaheuristic-Based LightGBM Model

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第7期140卷 229-253页

作者： kai Wang Biao he Pijush Samui Jian Zhou No.Three Engineering Co. Ltd.CCCC First Highway Engineering CompanyBeijing101102China Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology PatnaBihar800005India School of Resources and Safety Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha410083China

Rock bursts represent a formidable challenge in underground engineering,posing substantial risks to both infrastructure and human safety.These sudden and violent failures of rock masses are characterized by the rapid release of accumulated stress within the rock,leading to severe seismic events and structural damage.Therefore,the development of reliable prediction models for rock bursts is paramount to mitigating these hazards.This study aims to propose a tree-based model—a Light Gradient Boosting Machine(LightGBM)—to predict the intensity of rock bursts in underground engineering.322 actual rock burst cases are collected to constitute an exhaustive rock burst dataset,which serves to train the LightGBMmodel.Two population-basedmetaheuristic algorithms are used to optimize the hyperparameters of the LightGBM model.Finally,the sensitivity analysis is used to identify the predominant factors that may incur the occurrence of rock bursts.The results show that the population-based metaheuristic algorithms have a good ability to search out the optimal hyperparameters of the LightGBM model.The developed LightGBM model yields promising performance in predicting the intensity of rock bursts,with which accuracy on training and testing sets are 0.972 and 0.944,respectively.The sensitivity analysis discloses that the risk of occurring rock burst is significantly sensitive to three factors:uniaxial compressive strength(σc),stress concentration factor(SCF),and elastic strain energy index(Wet).Moreover,this study clarifies the particular impact of these three factors on the intensity of rock bursts through the partial dependence plot.

关键词： Rock burst prediction LightGBM coati optimization algorithm pelican optimization algorithm partial dependence plot

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Efflcient machining of a complex blisk channel using a disc cutter

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第1期37卷 414-437页

作者： Xiangyu LI Zhaoyu LI Dong he Junxue REN Qian FENG kai TANG Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China Key Laboratory of High Performance Manufacturing for Aero Engine(Northwestern Polytechnical University) Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyXi’an 710072China Xi’an Sanhang Power Technology Co. LtdXi’an 710000China HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute FutianShenzhen 518057China HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057China

For rough machining of a complex narrow cavity,e.g.,a complex blisk channel on an aero-engine,the typically used cutting tools are the slender cylindrical cutter and conical cutter.Nevertheless,as neither of the two is particularly suited for rough machining,wherein the main purpose is to remove a large volume as quickly as possible,the machining efficiency is low,especially when the part materials are of hard-to-cut types(e.g.,Titanium-alloy)for which it often takes days to rough machine a blisk.Fortunately,disc machining provides a new and efficient roughing solution,since a disc cutter with a large radius enables a much larger cutting speed and thus a larger material removal rate.However,due to the large radius of the disc cutter,its potential collision with narrow and twisted channels becomes a serious concern.In this paper,we propose a novel twophase approach for efficiently machining a complex narrow cavity workpiece using a disc-shaped cutter,i.e.,3+2-axis disc-slotting of the channel by multiple layers(rough machining)+five-axis disc-milling of the freeform channel side surfaces(semi-finish machining).Both simulation and physical cutting experiments are conducted to assess the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method.The experimental results show that,with respect to a same cusp-height threshold on the channel side surfaces,the total machining time of the tested part by the proposed method is about only 36%of that by the conventional approach of plunging-milling(for roughing)plus milling by a slender cylindrical cutter(for semi-finishing).

关键词： Blisk channel CNC machining Disc cutter Roughing efficiency Tool path planning

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Stress relaxation properties of calcium silicate hydrate:a molecular dynamics study

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2024年第2期25卷 97-115页

作者： Zhicheng GENG Shengwen TANG Yang WANG Hubao A Zhen he kai WU Lei WANG State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management Wuhan UniversityWuhan430072China Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai200092China College of Materials Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an710055China

The time-dependent viscoelastic response of cement-based materials to applied deformation is far from fully understood at the atomic level.Calcium silicate hydrate(C-S-H),the main hydration product of Portland cement,is responsible for the viscoelastic mechanism of cement-based materials.In this study,a molecular model of C-S-H was developed to explain the stress relaxation characteristics of C-S-H at different initial deformation states,Ca/Si ratios,temperatures,and water contents,which cannot be accessed experimentally.The stress relaxation of C-S-H occurs regardless of whether it is subjected to initial shear,tensile,or compressive deformation,and shows a heterogeneous characteristic.Water plays a crucial role in the stress relaxation process.A large Ca/Si ratio and high temperature reduce the cohesion between the calcium-silicate layer and the interlayer region,and the viscosity of the interlayer region,thereby accelerating the stress relaxation of C-S-H.The effect of the hydrogen bond network and the morphology of C-S-H on the evolution of the stress relaxation characteristics of C-S-H at different water contents was elucidated by nonaffine mean squared displacement.Our results shed light on the stress relaxation characteristics of C-S-H from a microscopic perspective,bridging the gap between the microscopic phenomena and the underlying atomic-level mechanisms.

关键词： Calcium silicate hydrate(C-S-H) Stress relaxation Ca/Si ratio Temperature Water content Atomic simulation

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RsaL is a self-regulatory switch that controls alternative biosynthesis of two AHL-type quorum sensing signals in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA1201

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mLife 2024年第1期3卷 74-86页

作者： Ya-Wen he Zi-Jing Jin Ying Cui kai Song Bo Chen Lian Zhou State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental SciencesSJTU-NLBP Joint R&D Centre for Biopesticides and BiofertilizersSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Zhiyuan Innovative Research Centre Student Innovation CentreZhiyuan CollegeShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous and metabolically versatile microorganism naturally found in soil and water.It is also an opportunistic pathogen in plants,insects,animals,and humans.In response to increasing cell density,P.aeruginosa uses two acylhomoserine lactone(AHL)quorum-sensing(QS)signals(i.e.,N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl homoserine lactone[3-oxo-C12-HSL]and Nbutanoyl-homoserine lactone[C4-HsL]),which regulate the expression of hundreds of genes.However,how the biosynthesis of these two QS signals is coordinated remains unknown.We studied the regulation of these two QS signals in the rhizosphere strain PA1201.PA1201 sequentially produced 3-oxo-C12-HSL and C4-HSL at the early and late growth stages,respectively.The highest 3-oxo-C12-HSL-dependent elastase activity was observed at the early stage,while the highest C4-HSL-dependent rhamnolipid production was observed at the late stage.The atypical regulator RsaL played a pivotal role in coordinating 3-oxo-C12-HSL and C4-HSL biosynthesis and QS-associated virulence.RsaL repressed las/transcription by binding the-10 and-35 boxes of the lasl promoter.In contrast,RsaL activated rhll transcription by binding the region encoding the 5'-untranslated region of the rhll mRNA.Further,RsaL repressed its own expression by binding a nucleotide motif located in the-35 box of the rsaL promoter.Thus,RsaL acts as a molecular switch that coordinates the sequential biosynthesis of AHL QS signals and differential virulence in PA1201.Finally,C4-HSL activation by RsaL was independent of the Las and Pseudomonas quinolone signal(PQS)QS signaling systems.Therefore,we propose a new model of the QS regulatory network in PA1201,in which RsaL represents a superior player acting at the top of the hierarchy.

关键词： N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl homoserine lactone N-butanoyl-homoserine lactone Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing RsaL

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In situ transmission electron microscopy and artificial intelligence enabled data analytics for energy materials

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第5期31卷 454-493页

作者： Hongkui Zheng Xiner Lu kai he Department of Materials Science and Engineering Clemson UniversityClemson 29634USA

Energy materials are vital to energy conversion and storage devices that make renewable resources viable for electrification technologies. In situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM) is a powerful approach to characterize the dynamic evolution of material structure, morphology, and chemistry at the atomic scale in real time and in operando. In this review, recent advancements of in situ TEM techniques for studying energy materials, including catalysts, batteries, photovoltaics, and thermoelectrics, are systematically discussed and summarized. The topics include a broad range of material transformations that are in situ stimulated by heating, biasing, lighting, electron-beam illuminating, and cryocooling under vacuum, liquid, or gas environments within TEM, as well as the mechanistic understanding of the associated solid-solid, solid-liquid, and solid-gas reactions elucidated by in situ TEM examination and operando measurements. Special focus is also put on the emerging progress of artificial intelligence enabled microscopy data analytics, including machine learning enhanced tools for retrieving useful information from massive TEM imaging, diffraction, and spectroscopy datasets, highlighting its merits and potential for automated in situ TEM experimentation and analysis. Finally, the pressing challenges and future perspectives on in situ TEM study for energy-related materials are discussed.

关键词： In situ TEM Cryo-TEM Energy materials Batteries Catalysts Photovoltaic Thermoelectric Artificial intelligence Machine learning

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In-situ construction of epitaxial phase for boosting zinc nucleation on three-dimensional interface

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2024年第3期34卷 578-584页

作者： Xin he Zhe Zhu Xiaoqiao Liao kai Yang Yixue Duan Linfeng Lv Chuan Zhao Wei Zhao Jibing Chen Peng Tian Xiaoyu Liu Liang he School of Mechanical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering Sichuan University School of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of New South Wales School of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan University of Science & Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Wuhan Polytechnic University Med+X Center for Manufacturing West China Hospital Sichuan University Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University Yibin R&D Park of Sichuan University

Interface modification of zinc（Zn） metal anode with conductive three-dimensional（3D） structure is widely utilized in zinc ion batteries. However, the uniformity of zinc nucleation on surface microstructure is rarely investigated which exacerbates the tip effect and raises unstable risk. herein, a strategy via the initial copper（Cu）alloying and following sulfurization treatment is reported to accomplish boosted uniform nucleation of zinc on the modified layer with dense microstructures. This epitaxial sulfide phase not only improves the wetting area to revitalize the microstructural surface, but also forms a bifunctional zincophilic Cu2S/CuZn alloy interface layer,which combines the merits of guided local ions diffusion and improved zinc nucleation environment. As a result, a homogeneous growth of zinc on the 3D structural substrate can be realized, and cycling stability of the achieved Cu2S/CuZn electrode with a practical capacity of 1 mAh cm-2under 1 mA cm-2or amplified current density of 10 mA cm-2is significantly enhanced. This work provides an epitaxial strategy in constructing a bifunctional zincophilic interface layer for boosting zinc nucleation, and offers a new perspective on the modification of 3D surface structure for stabilization of zinc anode.

关键词： CuZn alloy Hydrophilicity Sulfide Zn anode Zn metal battery

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