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Geotechnical investigations and remediation design for failure of tunnel portal section： a case study in northern Turkey

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第6期14卷 1140-1160页

作者： Ayberk KAYA kadir karaman Fikri BULUT Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Engineering Department of Geological Engineering 53100 Rize Turkey Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Engineering Department of Mining Engineering 61080 Trabzon Turkey Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Engineering Department of Geological Engineering 61080 Trabzon Turkey

Mass movements are very common problems in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey due to its climate conditions, geological, and geomorphological characteristics. High slope angle, weathering, dense rainfalls, and anthropogenic impacts are generally reported as the most important triggering factors in the region. Following the portal slope excavations in the entrance section of Cankurtaran tunnel, located in the region, where the highly weathered andesitic tuff crops out, a circular toe failure occurred. The main target of the present study is to investigate the causes and occurrence mechanism of this failure and to determine the feasible remedial measures against it using finite element method(FEM) in four stages. These stages are slope stability analyses for pre-and postexcavation cases, and remediation design assessments for slope and tunnel. The results of the FEM-SSR analyses indicated that the insufficient initial support design and weathering of the andesitic tuffs are the main factors that caused the portal failure. After installing a rock retaining wall with jet grout columns and reinforced slope benching applications, the factor of safety increased from 0.83 to 2.80. In addition toslope stability evaluation, the Rock Mass Rating(RMR), Rock Mass Quality(Q) and New Austrian Tunneling Method(NATM) systems were also utilized as empirical methods to characterize the tunnel ground and to determine the tunnel support design. The performance of the suggested empirical support design, induced stress distributions and deformations were analyzed by means of numerical modelling. Finally, it was concluded that the recommended stabilization technique was essential for the dynamic long-term stability and prevents the effects of failure. Additionally, the FEM method gives useful and reasonably reliable results in evaluating the stability of cut slopes and tunnels excavated both in continuous and discontinuous rock masses.

关键词： Portal failure Stability analysis Finite element method Tunnel support design Remedial measures Rock Mass Rating(RMR) Rock Mass Quality(Q) New Austrian Tunneling Method(NATM)

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A comparative assessment of rock mass deformation modulus

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2015年第5期25卷 735-740页

作者： kadir karaman Ferdi Cihangir Ayhan Kesimal Department of Mining Engineering Karadeniz Technical University

Deformation modulus of a rock mass(E_m) is one of the most important design parameters in construction of rock engineering projects such as underground ***,difficulties are frequently encountered during in-situ tests which are also time-consuming and expensive for determining this *** E_m is often estimated indirectly from proposed equations by different researchers,many of these equations cannot be used in case of problematic rock conditions(thinly bedded,highly jointed rock masses,etc.) as high quality core samples are *** study aims to explore more practical and useful equation for E_m estimation using Rock Quality Designation(RQD) and point load index *** were made between available empirical equations and the proposed E_m equation in terms of the estimation *** comparison tests(ANOVA) showed that E_m can be reliably estimated using proposed equation especially at the preliminary stages of projects.

关键词： Rock mass deformation modulus RQD RMR Q RMi Point load index

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