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Design of an Interconnection Architecture and Sizing of Two (2) EPC Core Networks: The Case of Orange-Guinea

Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 59-70页

作者： Mamadou Sadigou dia.lo kadiatou Aissatou Barry Amadou Lamarana Bah Mamadou Sanoussy Camara Janvier Fotsing Amadou Barry Amadou Oury Bah Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry(UGANC) P.O.BOX 1147Conakry 001BP 1147Republic of Guinea National Advanced School of Engineering University of Yaoundé1Yaoundé1001BP 337Republic of Cameroon

With the arrival of the 4G and 5G,the telecommunications networks have experienced a large expansion of these *** enabled the integration of many services and adequate flow,thus enabling the operators to respond to the growing demand of *** rapid evolution has given the operators to adapt,their methods to the new technologies that *** complexity becomes more important,when these networks include several technologies to access different from the heterogeneous network like in the 4G *** dimensional new challenges tell the application and the considerable increase in demand for services and the compatibility with existing networks,the management of mobility intercellular of users and it offers a better quality of ***,the proposed solution to meet these new requirements is the sizing of the EPC(Evolved Packet Core)core network to support the 5G access *** the case of Orange Guinea,this involves setting up an architecture for interconnecting the core networks of Sonfonia and *** objectives of our work are of two orders:(1)to propose these solutions and recommendations for the heart network EPC sizing and the deployment to be adopted;(2)supply and architectural interconnection in the heart network EPC and an existing heart *** our work,the model of traffic in communication that we use to calculate the traffic generated with each technology has link in the network of the heart.

关键词： 5G network 4G network(EPS(evolved packet system)) 3G network(UMTS:Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) EPC network of the heart architecture dimensional Orange Guinea technology service

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Oesophageal Mycosis: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects and Risk Factors for Occurrence in the Digestive Endoscopy Unit of the Donka National Hospital, Conakry CHU

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第2期14卷 31-40页

作者： dia.lo Mamadou Sarifou Youssouf Oumarou Yaogo Abdoulatif dia.lo kadiatou dia.lo Djéinabou Wann Thierno Amadou Bah Mamadou Lamine Yaya diakhaby Mamadou Kanté Mamadou Aliou Sylla Djibril Hepato-Gastroenterology Department of the Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques Gamal Abdel Nasser University Conakry Guinea Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Communautaire de Bangui Internal Medicine Department Bangui République Centrafricaine Hepato-Gastroenterology Department Angré University Hospital Abidjan Ivory Coast Department of Internal Medicine Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Oesophageal mycosis (OM) is one of the most common opportunistic infections in patients infected with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). However, this condition is increasingly observed in immunocompetent subjects. The aim of this study was to determine the endoscopic prevalence, clinical characteristics and risk factors for the occurrence of oesophageal mycosis in our department. Patients and Method: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of all patients who underwent oeso-gastroduodenal fibroscopy during the period from 1st January to 31st December 2022, i.e. one year, at the digestive endoscopy unit of the hepato-gastroenterology department of the Donka CHU national hospital in Conakry. All patients found to have oesophageal mycosis by FOGD were included. The endoscopy was performed using appropriate equipment: A Fujinon 4400 video endoscopy column;Three Fujinon EG 590 video gastroscopes;A hoover;Data were collected using a pre-established survey form and analysed using Epi info software version 6.0.4;Pearson’s Chi2 test as a test of independence and the exact 5% threshold ficher test. Results: Out of 1343 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies performed, 107 cases of oesophageal mycosis were found, representing a prevalence of 7.96%. The mean age was 40 years, with a male predominance of 55.42%. The sex ratio M/F was 1.24. The 45 and over age group was the most affected, with a prevalence of 40.43%, followed by the [35 - 45] age group, with a prevalence of 22.43%. Clinical symptoms were dominated by epigastralgia in 74.76% of cases, followed by odynophagia in 37.38% of cases, nausea and vomiting in 28.03% of cases, and pyrosis in 26.16% of cases. Oesophageal mycosis without oesophagitis was the most common endoscopic finding in 70% of cases. The main associated endoscopic lesions were erythemato-erosive and congestive gastropathy in 28.03% of cases, peptic oesophagitis (9.34%) and gastric ulcer (5.60%). The main risk factor

关键词： Endoscopy CHU Conakry Risk Factors Immunosuppression Oesophageal Mycosis

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Spontaneous Infection of Ascites Fluid at the National and University Hospital Hubert Koutoukou Maga in Cotonou: Prevalence and Associated Factors

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第1期14卷 1-10页

作者： Aboudou Raïmi Kpossou Comlan N’dehougbèa Martin Sokpon Chloé Andréa Obekandon Opè Mahouton Jacques Tovizounkou kadiatou dia.lo Rodolph Koffi Vignon Jean Séhonou University Clinic of Hepato-Gastroenterology National and University Hospital Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM) Cotonou Benin University Clinic of Internal Medicine CNHU-HKM Cotonou Benin Department of Internal Medicine Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea

Background: Spontaneous ascites fluid infection (SAFI) is an extremely serious and frequently encountered complication in cirrhotic patients. We aimed to determine the prevalence of SAFI and the factors associated with it in the largest hospital in Cotonou. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive and analytical study conducted from January 2013 to July 2019, at the National and University Hospital Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM) in Cotonou, Benin. All patients followed in the University Clinic of Hepato-Gastroenterology and diagnosed with SAFI were included. Results: Eighty-two patients were included, predominantly males (69.5%), with a mean age of 51.5 ± 14.5 years. Among them, 32 had SAFI, i.e., a prevalence of 39%. Of the 32 cases of SAFI, the culture of ascites fluid was positive in 6 cases (18.7%). The most frequent germ found in SAFI was Escherichia coli (5 patients, 83.3%). The factors associated with SAFI in this study were: abdominal pain (p = 0.004), increased bilirubinemia (p = 0.009), decreased prothrombin level 20 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: SAFI was common in cirrhotic patients in the department. Certain clinical and paraclinical factors were associated with it, as was the severity of cirrhosis. Early diagnosis and aetiological management of cirrhosis could reduce its frequency.

关键词： Ascites Infection Cirrhosis Cotonou

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Evaluation of the “Helicobacter pylori” Eradication Rate by Bismuth Quadritherapy or Concomitant Quadritherapy in Black Africans

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第3期14卷 69-79页

作者： dia.lo Mamadou Sarifou Youssouf Oumarou Yaogo Abdoulatif dia.lo kadiatou dia.lo Djenabou Wann Thierno Amadou Bah Mamadou Lamine Yaya dia.lo Ahmed Tidiane diakhaby Mamadou Kanté Mamadou Aliou Sylla Djibril Hepato-Gastroenterology Department of the Donka National Hospital CHU Conakry Guinea Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques Gamal Abdel Nasser University Conakry Guinea Internal Medicine Department Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Communautaire de Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Hepato Gastroenterology Department Angré University Hospital Abidjan Ivory Coast Department of Internal Medicine Donka National Hospital CHU Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Gastric infection by “Helicobacter pylori” remains a topical issue due to the evolving scientific data concerning its pathophysiology, the diseases and pathologies concerned, which now extend beyond the gastric or digestive sphere, and the treatment methods faced with the development of antibiotic resistance. diagnosis of infection involves two inseparable aspects: identification of the bacterium itself and identification of the endoscopic and histological lesions caused by the bacterium. Objective: To evaluate the rate of eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection by bismuth quadruple therapy and concomitant treatment. Patients and methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, analytical study of all outpatients in the hepato-gastroenterology department during the study period from 1 January 2022 to 30 November 2023. All patients had undergone oeso-gastroduodenal fibroscopy and the diagnosis was made by histological examination of the gastric biopsy. Results: Our 113 patients comprised 68 men and 46 women. The sex ratio was 1.48 in favour of men. The mean age of our patients was 40.28 years, with extremes of 13 and 80 years. The clinical signs that prompted oeso-gastroduodenal fibroscopy were as follows: epigastralgia (69.91%), dyspepsia (14.16%), vomiting (7.08%), gastro-oesophageal reflux (6.19%) and altered general condition with weight loss (2.65%). The endoscopic lesions were: gastropathy (antral, fundic and diffuse: antro-fundial) (69.02%), bulbar ulcer (6.19%), gastric ulcer (5.31%). Helicobacter pylori infection was associated with chronic gastritis in all our patients;it was mild in 50%, moderate in 41% and severe in 9%. The eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori according to the treatment protocol used was 92.30% for bismuth quadruple therapy and 94.12% for concomitant quadruple therapy. Conclusion: The eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori in our study was 92.30% and 94.12% respectively for bismuth quadritherapy and concomitant the

关键词： “Helicobacter pylori” Eradication Quadritherapy Antibiotics Conakry

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Petrographic and Structural Studies of the Guintéguéla Formations (Northwest of Côte d’Ivoire)

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第1期14卷 29-49页

作者： Mohamed Samuel Moriah Conte N’guessan Nestor Houssou Oumar Barou Kaba Mohamed Lamine Timite Abdoulaye kadiatou dia.lo Aly Soumah Mohamed Camara Mohamed Fofana Djibril M’Mamy Camara Applied Research Laboratory Fundamental Geology and Prospecting Research Unit Emergent Centre Mines and Society Higher Institute of Mines and Geology of Boké Boké Republic of Guinea Laboratory of Geology and Energy Resources (LGRME) UFR of Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources University Felix Houphouet Boigny Abidjan Republic of Ivory Coast Applicated Research Laboratory Mining and Resource Development Research Unit Emergent Centre for Mines and Society Higher Institute of Mines and Geology of Boké Boké Republic of Guinea

Côte d’Ivoire is currently experiencing strong growth in the mining sector. Identifying the formations present in our subsoil is therefore essential for mining recovery. It is in this context that we conducted studies on the formations present in the locality of Guintéguéla. It is located in the northwest of Côte d’Ivoire in the bafing region. The aim of this work was to determine the petrographic and structural characteristics of the formations of the area. The methodology began with documentation and then followed petrography and structural analysis work on the macroscopic and microscopic levels. We observed six groups of rocks: granitoids, amphibolites, orthogneiss, quartzites (poor and rich in magnetites), volcano-sediments and filonian rocks. Metamorphism is of amphibolite to granulite facies. However, volcano-sediments must be associated with the green schist facies. With regard to the structural, structures and microstructures such as foliation;fractures;sigmoidal figures reveal that the studied area was affected by ductile and also brittle tectonics whose main directions are oriented along the shear corridor, so N-S to NNW-SSE.

关键词： Mining Petrography Structural Metamorphism

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Evaluation of Hepatic Fibrosis and Hepatic Steatosis by Pulse Elastography (FIBROSCAN/CAP) in Asymptomatic Patients about 170 Cases at the Donka CHU National Hospital in Conakry

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第4期14卷 125-138页

作者： Mamadou Sarifou dia.lo Oumarou Youssouf Abdoulatif Yaogo Djenabou dia.lo kadiatou dia.lo Thierno Amadou Wann Ahmed Tidiane dia.lo Mamadou Lamine Yaya Bah Mamdou diakhaby Mamadou Aliou Kanté Djibril Sylla Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology The Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques Gamal Abdel Nasser University Conakry Guinea Internal Medicine Department Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Communautaire de Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Department of Hepato Gastroenterology Angr&#233 University Hospital Abidjan Ivory Coast Department of Internal Medicine Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Fibroscan is a recent, non-invasive and non-irradiating diagnostic method. It is based on the principle of ultrasound, which enables liver tissue elasticity to be quantified using a probe, and fibrosis to be assessed. Fibroscan measures both elasticity correlated with hepatic fibrosis and CAP correlated with steatosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate hepatic fibrosis and steatosis using pulse elastometry (Fibroscan/CAP). Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study in which 170 patients were included. It was conducted from October 1 2021 to December 31 2023, i.e. 27 months, in an outpatient clinic in the hepato-gastroenterology department of the Donka national hospital of the CHU Conakry. Results: Of the 170 patients identified, 87 were male (51%) and 83 female (49%), giving a M/F sex ratio of 1.04. The average age of our patients was 40. The 30 - 50 age group was the most affected, with a frequency of 58.23% (n = 99), followed by the 50 age group with a frequency of 29.41% (n = 50). Hepatomegaly, steatotic liver on ultrasonography, transaminase elevation and obesity were the main indications, respectively: (21.76%), (17.65%), (14.71%), and (13.53%). The examinations were requested by hepatogastroenterologists (47.06%), diabetologists (35.88%) and general practitioners (29%). Of the 170 patients, 100 patients (58.82%) had no significant fibrosis F0F1, 39 (22.94%) had moderate fibrosis F2, 20 patients (11.76%) had severe fibrosis F3 and 11 patients (6.47%) had fibrosis F4. Hepatic steatosis: 62 patients (36.47%) had no S0 steatosis;29.41% had S1 steatosis, 20% had S2 steatosis and 24 patients (14.11%) had S3 steatosis. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a normal liver in 67.05% of patients, hepatic steatosis in 29.41% and non-decompensated cirrhosis in 6 cases. Thus, 108 patients had the parameters required to calculate the Fatty Liver Index (FLI), steatosis was present in 20% of our patients, while 29.41% had an undetermined st

关键词： Cirrhosis Fibrosis Fibroscan/CAP Non-Alcoholic Hepatic Steatosis Steatosis CHU Conakry

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Serological Profile of Hepatitis D Virus (Hepatitis Delta) in the Hepato-Gastro-Enterology Department of Chu Gabriel Toure

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第3期14卷 93-98页

作者： Sanra Déborah Sanogo kadiatou Doumbia Hourouma Sow Moussa Younoussou Dicko Youssouf Oumarou Abdoulaye Berthé Sabine Drabo Luc Sidibé Makan Siré Tounkara Abdoulaye Maiga Ouatou Mallé Ganda Soumaré Anselme Konaté Moussa Tièmoko diarra Hepato-Gastroenterology Department CHU Point G Bamako Mali Hepato-Gastroenterology Department CHU Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali Department of Internal Medicine Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Communautaire de Bangui Bangui Central African Republic

Infection with the defective hepatitis D virus (HDV) co-infects or superinfects a patient carrying hepatitis B virus (HBV). Delta virus infection is relatively common. The seriousness of infection with the hepatitis D virus (HDV), a virus defective in a patient carrying the hepatitis B virus (HBV), lies in its aggravating effect on the associated viral hepatitis B. Our aim was to study the serological profile of HDV in HBsAg-positive patients. As this study was fragmentary, we initiated this study with the aim of investigating the serological profile of HDV in HBsAg-positive patients. This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study that ran from March 2019 to February 2020, a 12-month period. It focused on the population of patients seen and screened positive for HBsAg. We obtained a frequency of 10%. The mean age of our patients was 41.8 ± 13.09 years. The sex ratio was 4.5. VHD RNA was detected in 50% of patients. In 100% of cases, the presence of VHD RNA was associated with advanced fibrosis according to the APRI score, but without any statistically significant link. All HBV-infected patients should be screened for anti-HDV Ac. HDV infection leads to rapid progression to complications of liver disease.

关键词： HBsAg VHD RNA Liver Disease

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Causes and Prognosis of Cases of Acute Obstructive Renal Failure Managed at the Donka National Hemodialysis Center

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2024年第2期14卷 136-146页

作者： Amadou Yaya dia.lo Mamadou Mouctar dia.lo Mamadou dian Barry kadiatou Mamadou Bobo Barry Saikou Oumar dia.lo Djenabou dia.lo Soriba Bangoura Mamadou Malal dia.lo Thierno Mamadou Oury dia.lo Mohamed Lamine Kaba Alpha Oumar Bah Department of Nephrology-Hemodialysis CHU Donka Conakry Guinea Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques Gamal Abdel Nasser University of the Republic of Guinea Conakry Guinea Department of Urology-Andrology CHU Ignace Deen Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Acute obstructive renal failure (AORF) is a frequent clinical situation, secondary to obstruction of the urinary excretory tract. Whatever the cause, urinary tract obstruction suddenly opposes glomerular filtration and is responsible for tubulointerstitial lesions. It accounts for 10% of acute renal failure (ARF). The aim of this study was to identify the causes and prognosis of cases of acute obstructive renal failure managed at the Centre National d’hémodialyse Donka. Material and Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study lasting 6 months, from September 1, 2022 to February 29, 2023. All patients undergoing haemodialysis for acute obstructive renal failure who agreed to participate in the study and whose medical records were complete were included. Results: During the course of the study, we registered 97 haemodialysis patients, including 20 cases (20.62%) of acute obstructive renal failure. The mean age of the patients was 57.8 ± 10.54 years, with a male predominance of 11 cases (55%) and a sex ratio of 1.22. The reasons for consultation were dominated by physical asthenia 11 cases (55%), lumbar pain 9 cases (50%), vomiting 6 cases (30%) and acute urine retention 6 cases (30%). Arterial hypertension 16 cases (80%) and urinary tract infection 10 cases (50%) were the most common antecedents. The etiologies of RAOI were dominated by lithiasis 10 cases (50%), neoplasia 6 cases (30%) and benign prostatic hypertrophy 3 cases (15%). mean creatinine was 1267.60 ± 710.76 μmol/l with extremes of 243 μmol/l and 2822 μmol/l, mean urea was 39.56 ± 18.36, hyperkalemia in 14 cases (70%) and hyponatremia in 8 cases (40%). After hemodialysis, 9 cases (45%) recovered renal function, 4 cases (20%) became chronic and 7 cases (35%) died. Conclusion: The frequency of AKI remains non-negligible in our department, and early detection and prompt management would considerably reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this pathology.

关键词： Acute Obstructive Renal Failure Hemodialysis Prognosis Donka

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Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Biological Parameters in Patients Treated with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第4期14卷 145-151页

作者： Sanra Déborah Sanogo Moussa Y. Dicko Lamine N’diaye Ousmane diarra Drissa Katilé Abdoulaye Maiga Ouatou Mallé Sabine Drabo Makan S. Tounkara Hourouma Sow kadiatou Doumbia Anselme Konaté Moussa T. diarra Hepato-Gastroenterology Department Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Du Point G Bamako Mali Hepato-Gastroenterology Department Gabriel Toure University Hospital Bamako Mali Hepato-Gastroenterology Unit Csref Commune V Bamako Mali

Chronic hepatitis B causes a liver disease characterized by inflammation of the liver parenchyma. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of biological parameters in patients treated with Tenofovir for chronic B infection at the Commune V referral health center in Bamako. We obtained a prevalence of 14.15%. The most represented age group was 31 - 40 years, with 36.8%. The sex ratio was 1.44 in favour of men. Viral load was undetectable after 18 months of treatment in 25 patients (42.37%). Tenofovir, the 1st-line drug in Mali, is effective on the biological parameters monitored in patients.

关键词： Viral Hepatitis B Tenofovir Biological Parameters

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Therapeutic Profile and Prognostic Factors of Patients Suffering from Upper Digestive Bleeding at Sikasso Regional Hospital

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期14卷 300-312页

作者： Oumar Traoré Abdoul Salam diarra Dramane Touré Tawfiq Abu Amadou Boubeye Maïga kadiatou Cissé Saïdon Touré Mohomedine Touré Aboudou Dolo Youana Koné Madou Traoré Mamadou Togo Kalba Péliaba Mamadou Samaké Hamadoun Sangho Service of Internal Medicine Regional Hospital Sikasso Mali National Center for Scientific and Technological Research Bamako Mali Department of Pediatric Health Referral Center of Kalaban Coro Koulikoro Mali Private Practice for Family and Emergency Medicine Casablanca Morocco Service of Nephrology Regional Hospital Sikasso Mali Department of Infectious Disease Regional Hospital Sikasso Mali Service de Mdecine Interne CHU Gabriel Tour Bamako Mali Service dHpato-Gastro-Entrologie CHU Gabriel Tour Bamako Mali Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako Bamako Mali

Introduction: Upper digestive hemorrhage is one of the main digestive emergencies and remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Mali. The aim of this study was to describe the therapeutic profile and outcome of patients suffering from upper digestive haemorrhage. Methodology: This was a prospective study carried out in the internal medicine department of the Sikasso Regional Hospital from August 2022 to July 2023. All adult patients presenting with upper digestive haemorrhage and having given their consent, were included. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. Results: Sixty-three patients were enrolled. The mean age was 49.7 ± 18.99 years, with a male-female sex ratio of 2.2. Ruptured esophageal varices (37.5%) and peptic ulcer (25%) were the main etiologies. Pharmacological treatment was dominated by proton pump inhibitors (85.7%). Hemostasis endoscopy accounted for 3.17%. The evolution was marked by hemorrhagic arrest (69.84%), recurrence of hemorrhage (11.11%) and death (19.04%), the main cause of which was hemorrhagic shock (58.3%). We found no statistically significant relationship between prognosis and etiologies (P = 0.11), and length of hospital stay (P = 0.18). Conclusion: Hemostasis endoscopy remains a challenge for Sikasso Hospital. A holistic strategy of communication and community awareness-raising, combined with adequate technical facilities, will help to improve patient care and outcomes.

关键词： Digestive Hemorrhage Digestive Endoscopy Treatment Outcome

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