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Characterization and Propagation of Historical and Projected Droughts in the Umatilla River Basin, Oregon, USA

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 247-262,I0020-I0028页

作者： Sudip GAUTAM Alok samantaray Meghna BABBAR-SEBENS Meenu RAMADAS School of Civil and Construction Engineering Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA School of Infrastructure Indian Institute of TechnologyBhubaneswarOdisha 752050India

Climate change is expected to have long-term impacts on drought and wildfire risks in Oregon as summers continue to become warmer and drier. This paper investigates the projected changes in drought characteristics and drought propagation in the Umatilla River Basin in northeastern Oregon for mid-century(2030–2059) and late-century(2070–2099) climate scenarios. Drought characteristics for projected climates were determined using downscaled CMIP5 climate datasets from ten climate models and Soil and Water Assessment Tool to simulate effects on hydrologic processes. Short-term(three months) drought characteristics(frequency, duration, and severity) were analyzed using four drought indices, including the Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI-3), Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI-3), Standardized Streamflow Index(SSI-3), and the Standardized Soil Moisture Index(SSMI-3). Results indicate that short-term meteorological droughts are projected to become more prevalent, with up to a 20% increase in the frequency of SPI-3drought events. Short-term hydrological droughts are projected to become more frequent(average increase of 11% in frequency of SSI-3 drought events), more severe, and longer in duration(average increase of 8% for short-term droughts).Similarly, short-term agricultural droughts are projected to become more frequent(average increase of 28% in frequency of SSMI-3 drought events) but slightly shorter in duration(average decrease of 4%) in the future. Historically, drought propagation time from meteorological to hydrological drought is shorter than from meteorological to agricultural drought in most sub-basins. For the projected climate scenarios, the decrease in drought propagation time will likely stress the timing and capacity of water supply in the basin for irrigation and other uses.

关键词： Umatilla drought SPI SPEI SSI SSMI

Optimized protoplast isolation and transfection with a breakpoint:accelerating Cas9/sgRNA cleavage efficiency validation in monocot and dicot

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aBIOTECH 2024年第2期5卷 151-168页

作者： Debasmita Panda Subhasis Karmakar Manaswini Dash Swagat Kumar Tripathy Priya Das Sagar Banerjee Yiping Qi Sanghamitra samantaray Pradipta Kumar Mohapatra Mirza J.Baig Kutubuddin A.Molla ICAR National Rice Research Institute CuttackOdisha 753006India Department of Botany Ravenshaw UniversityCuttackOdisha 753003India Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA

The CRISPR-Cas genome editing tools are revolutionizing agriculture and basic biology with their simplicity and precision ability to modify target genomic ***-predicted guide RNAs(gRNAs)often fail to induce efficient cleavage at target *** target loci are inaccessible due to complex chromatin ***,there is no suitable tool available to predict the architecture of genomic target sites and their ***,significant time and resources are spent on performing editing experiments with inefficient *** in vitro-cleavage assay could provide a rough assessment of gRNA efficiency,it largely excludes the interference of native genomic *** in-vivo testing gives a proper assessment of the cleavage ability of editing reagents in a native genomic ***,we developed a modified protocol that offers highly efficient protoplast isolation from rice,Arabidopsis,and chickpea,using a sucrose gradient,transfection using PEG(polyethylene glycol),and validation of single guide RNAs(sgRNAs)cleavage efficiency of *** have optimized various parameters for PEG-mediated protoplast transfection and achieved high transfection efficiency using our protocol in both monocots and *** introduced plasmid vectors containing Cas9 and sgRNAs targeting genes in rice,Arabidopsis,and chickpea *** dual sgRNAs,our CRISPRdeletion strategy offers straightforward detection of genome editing success by simple agarose gel *** sequencing of PCR products confirmed the editing efficiency of specific ***,we demonstrated that isolated protoplasts can be stored for up to 24/48 h with little loss of viability,allowing a pause between isolation and *** high-efficiency protocol for protoplast isolation and transfection enables rapid(less than 7 days)validation of sgRNA cleavage efficiency before proceeding with stable *** isolation and transfection method can als

关键词： Protoplast Genome editing Transgene-free edited plants Rice Chickpea

Efficient WENO-Based Prolongation Strategies for Divergence-Preserving Vector Fields

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2023年第1期5卷 428-484页

作者： Dinshaw S.Balsara Saurav samantaray Sethupathy Subramanian Department of Physics University of Notre DameNotre DameINUSA Department of ACMS University of Notre DameNotre DameINUSA

Adaptive mesh refinement(AMR)is the art of solving PDEs on a mesh hierarchy with increasing mesh refinement at each level of the *** treatment on AMR hierarchies requires accurate prolongation of the solution from a coarse mesh to a newly defined finer *** scalar variables,suitably high-order finite volume WENO methods can carry out such a ***,classes of PDEs,such as computational electrodynamics(CED)and magnetohydrodynamics(MHD),require that vector fields preserve a divergence *** primal variables in such schemes consist of normal components of the vector field that are collocated at the faces of the *** a result,the reconstruction and prolongation strategies for divergence constraint-preserving vector fields are necessarily more *** this paper we present a fourth-order divergence constraint-preserving prolongation strategy that is analytically *** to higher orders using analytically exact methods is very *** overcome that challenge,a novel WENO-like reconstruction strategy is invented that matches the moments of the vector field in the faces,where the vector field components are *** approach is almost divergence constraint-preserving,therefore,we call it *** make it exactly divergence constraint-preserving,a touch-up procedure is developed that is based on a constrained least squares(CLSQ)method for restoring the divergence constraint up to machine *** the touch-up,it is called *** is shown that refinement ratios of two and higher can be *** item of broader interest in this work is that we have also been able to invent very efficient finite volume WENO methods,where the coefficients are very easily obtained and the multidimensional smoothness indicators can be expressed as perfect *** demonstrate that the divergence constraint-preserving strategy works at several high orders for divergence-free vector fields as well as vecto

关键词： PDEs Numerical schemes Mimetic

Recent advances on pathogenesis,diagnosis,prevention,immunological aspects,and vectors of dengue:A review

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2023年第8期13卷 325-338页

作者： Mahesh Chandra Sahu Rakesh Kumar samantaray Aditi Pal Sanghamitra Pati Division of Medical Entomology ICMR-Regional Medical Research CentreChandrasekharpurBhubaneswar-751023OdishaIndia ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre ChandrasekharpurBhubaneswar-751023OdishaIndia

Dengue is a vector-borne disease caused by the dengue virus(DENV)of family *** fever is common in both developed and developing ***,approximately 400 million cases of dengue fever are reported annually,resulting in approximately 22000 *** cases in India have progressively increased in the last *** recent years,substantial progress has been made in understanding various aspects of dengue,including its pathogenesis,diagnosis,prevention strategies,immunological responses,and the role of vectors in its *** transmission of a positive RNA virus occurs through Aedes mosquitoes,specifically Aedes aegypti and Aedes *** virus is associated with a wide spectrum of symptoms,ranging from mild undifferentiated fever to severe hemorrhagic fever and shock,posing a potential threat to human *** are 4 types of antigenically distinct dengue serotypes(DENV-1 to DENV-4)and among them,DENV-2 is more lethal and extremely *** overcome the severity of dengue,Dengvaxia is administered to children 9 to 16 years old with evidence of previous dengue *** diagnosis of dengue is carried out by ELISA-based non-structural protein(NS1)and immunoglobulin ***,there are no specific biomarkers to identify severe disease *** factors and temperature play an important role in complex interaction among host,vector,and virus to manifest the severity of *** is a need for the refinement of climate-based disease forecasting models in India to effectively control the spread of *** mosquito repellent should be used periodically to kill or repel the Aedes mosquito to prevent the spread of dengue in humans.

关键词： Dengue Aedes mosquitoes Insecticide NS1 Immunoglobulin

Realization of the first sub-shot-noise wide field microscope

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Light(Science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 737-743页

作者： Nigam samantaray Ivano Ruo-Berchera Alice Meda Marco Genovese INRIM Strada delle Cacce 91I-10135 TorinoItaly Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi24I-10129 TorinoItaly INFN Via P.Giuria 1I-10125 TorinoItaly

Recently,several proof of principle experiments have demonstrated the advantages of quantum technologies over classical *** present challenge is to surpass the limits of proof of principle demonstrations to approach real *** letter presents such an achievement in the field of quantum enhanced *** particular,we describe the realization of a sub-shot-noise wide field microscope based on spatially multi-mode non-classical photon number correlations in twin *** microscope produces realtime images of 8000 pixels at full resolution,for a 500μm2 field of view,with noise reduced to 80%of the shot noise level(for each pixel),which is suitable for absorption imaging of complex *** fast post-elaboration,specifically applying a quantum enhanced median filter,the noise can be further reduced(to o30%of the shot noise level)by setting a trade-off with the resolution,thus achieving the best sensitivity per incident photon reported in absorption microscopy.

关键词： imaging microscopy parametric down conversion sub-shot-noise

Base Pressure Plays an Important Role for Production of Plasma Blob in Argon Plasma

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Journal of Physical Science and Application 2014年第6期4卷 348-357页

作者： Gourishankar Sahoo Rita Paikaray Subrata samantaray Parthasarathi Das Joydeep Ghosh Malay Bikash Chowdhuri Amulya Kumar Sanyasi Department of Physics Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India Department of Physics Christ College Cuttack 753001 Odisha India Institute for Plasma Research Bhat Gandhinagar 382428 Odisha lndia

Magnetic confinement of fusion plasma has a wide range of issues to be addressed. Convective transport of plasma in the scrape-off layer of magnetic confinement devices is an interesting research topic for scientists and engineers. The interest in scrape-off layer convective transport has grown in last two decades because of its effect on plasma interaction with the first wall and divertor. By increasing the particle flux into the far scrape-off layer, blobs negatively affect limiters, radio frequency antennas and the first wall. Increased convective heat transport influences core plasma confinement, at least in L-mode plasmas. Here we have reported blob formation in the absent of external magnetic field. It is observed that at low pressure -0.01 rob, transport seems to be dominated by diffusive process. At pressure 〉 1 mb, we observe convective transport in high speed imaging experiments. The role of background neutrals outside plasma boundary has the befitting answer for this phenomenon. Plasma temperature is the other key player. Another interesting observation is that at diffusive transport regime plasma life time is of the order of voltage pulse duration fed to plasma source, where as at convective transport regime plasma life time is increased appreciably.

关键词： Convective transport scrape-off layer first wall divertor L-mode blob pulse duration.

STM AND XRD STUDIES ON STRUCTURE OF AMORPHOUS INDIUM SELENIDE FILMS

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STM AND XRD STUDIES ON STRUCTURE OF AMORPHOUS INDIUM SELENID...