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Starchy and fibrous feedstuffs differ in their in vitro digestibility and fermentation characteristics and differently modulate gut microbiota of swine

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第5期13卷 1402-1412页

作者： Utsav P.Tiwari Rabindra K.Mandal kabi raj neupane Birendra Mishra rajesh Jha Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal SciencesUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa1955 East-West RdHonoluluHI 96822USA Indiana University School of Medicine IndianaUSA Math and Sciences Division Leeward community collegePearl CityHI 96782USA

Background:Alternative feedstuffs may contribute to reducing feed costs of pig production.But these feedstuffs are typically rich in fiber and resistant starch(RS).Dietary fibers and RS are fermented in the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)and modulate the microbial community.Certain microbes in the GIT can promote host health,depending on the type of fermentation substrates available.In this study,six alternative feedstuffs(three starchy:Okinawan sweet potato,OSP;yam,and taro,and three fibrous:wheat millrun,WMR;barley brewers grain,BBG;and macadamia nut cake,MNC)were evaluated for their in vitro digestibility and fermentation characteristics and their effects on pig’s hindgut microbial profile.After 2 steps of enzymatic digestion assay,residues were fermented using fresh pig feces as microbial inoculum,and gas production was recorded periodically for 72 h and modeled for fermentation kinetics.After fermentation,the residual liquid phase was analyzed for short-chain fatty acid(SCFA),and the solid phase was used to determine the nutrient’s digestibility and microbial community.Results:In vitro ileal digestibility of dry matter and gross energy was higher in starchy than fibrous feedstuffs.Total gas and SCFA production were significantly higher(P<0.001)in starchy feedstuffs than fibrous feedstuffs.Both acetate and propionate production was significantly higher(P<0.001)in all starchy feedstuffs than BBG and MNC;WMR was in between.Overall alpha diversity was not significantly different within and between starchy and fibrous feedstuffs.Beta diversity(measured using bray Curtis dissimilarity distance)of starchy feedstuffs was significantly different(P<0.005)than fibrous feedstuffs.Conclusion:Starchy feedstuffs acted as a substrate to similar types of microbes,whereas fibrous feedstuffs resulted in a more diverse microbial population.Such alternative feedstuffs may exert comparable beneficial effects,thus may be included in swine diets to improve gut health.

关键词： Fermentation Fiber Gut health Microbial diversity Starch Swine

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Seasonal variations and health risk assessment of trace elements in the Badigad River,lesser Himalayas,Nepal

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Acta Geochimica 2023年第4期42卷 689-703页

作者： Ramesh raj Pant Kiran Bishwakarma Kshitiz Kandel Sudip Poudel Jharana Nepal Bhanu Bhakta neupane Virendra Bahadur Singh Central Department of Environmental Science Institute of Science and TechnologyTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Central Department of Chemistry Institute of Science and TechnologyTribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Department of Environmental Studies Ram Lal Anand CollegeUniversity of DelhiNew Delhi 110021India

The consumption of contaminated river water can have severe effects on human health.This study aims to investigate the trace elements(TEs)content and their health risk assessment in the Badigad River Basin in the lesser Himalayas of Nepal.In total,44 water samples were collected from 22 different sites during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons,and 25 TEs were analyzed.Correlation matrix and principal component analysis(PCA)were used to analyze the potential relationship between the measured TEs and their source tracking.Furthermore,the water quality index(WQI),metal index(MI),and cancer index(CI)were evaluated.The TEs content in all samples were found to be within the WHO recommended guideline for drinking and domestic purposes.The dominancy order of the TEs was observed as Sr>Ba>Li>Rb>Zn>Cr>Sc>Mn>Ti>Cu>As>Ni>Co>U>V>Pb>Cs>Ga>Y>Tl>Th>Zr>Bi>Cd>Nb.The PCA analysis suggested that TEs could have natural,anthropogenic,and mixed origins.The WQI indicated that the river water is safe from a human health perspective.The MI suggested that Badigad River can be considered safer for drinking purposes,and the cancer index(CI)showed that all the reported TEs are at low-risk levels.The findings of this study could be useful for government agencies in developing more sustainable water management policies in the region.However,it is suggested that further investigations should be conducted in terms of other hydrogeochemical variables,including major ions,at spatiotemporal levels for the sustainability of the river basin.

关键词： Trace elements Water quality Health risk assessment Multivariate analysis Badigad River

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Rainfall erosivity and sediment dynamics in the Himalaya catchment during the Melamchi flood in Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第10期20卷 2993-3009页

作者： Binod BANIYA TANG Qiu-hong Bhupati neupane XU Xi-meng HE Li Tirtha raj ADHIKARI Seyed Rashid Fallah SHAMSI Yam Prasad DHITAL Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 1oo101China Department of Environmental Science Patan Multiple CampusInstitute of Science and TechnologyTribhuvan UniversityKathmandu44613Nepal State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and ResourcesInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChine se Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Central Department of Hydrology and Meteorology Tribhuvan UniversityKathmandu 44613Nepal College of Applied Science Tribhuvan UniversityKathmandu 44613Nepal Department of Natural Resource and Environment College of AgricultureShiraz UniversityShiraz 71345Iran College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832000China

Rainfall erosivity is an indicator of rainfall potential to cause soil erosion.The Melamchi extreme flood occurred on June-15 and recurred on July-31,2021 in Nepal.During these flooding events,a large volume of sediments were eroded,transported and deposited due to the high rainfall erosivity of the basin.In this study,the temporal and the spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity within the Melamchi River Basin was estimated and further linked to sediment discharge and concentration at various sites along the river segments.The daily rainfall data for the event year 2021 of the entire basin were used.Validation was performed by post-flooding grain size sampling.The result showed that rainfall and rainfall erosivity exhibit pronounced intensity within the Melamchi River basin,particularly at Sermathang and Tarkeghang,both located in the middle section of the basin.The average annual rainfall in the Melamchi region was 3140.39 mm with an average annual erosivity of 18302.06(MJ mm)/(ha h yr).The average daily erosivity of the basin was 358.67(MJ mm)/(ha h)during the first event and 1241(MJ mm)/(ha h)for the second event.In the upper section of sampling,the sediment size ranged from 0.1 mm to>8 mm and was poorly graded.However,the lower region had smaller sediment ranging from 0.075 mm to>4.75 mm and also well graded.The smaller size(100 mm)sediments were passed relatively higher from the Kiwil(8.20%)and Ambathan(8.39%)river segments.During premonsoon and monsoon seasons,the highest sediment concentration was found to be 563.8 g/L and 344.3 g/L in Bhimtar and the lowest was 238.5 g/L and 132.1 g/L at the Ambathan,respectively.The sediment concentration during the pre-monsoon was found to be higher than the sediment concentration during the monsoon season in the Melamchi River.The more erosive regions in the basin were associated with the presence of highly fractured rock,weathered rocks and a thrust(wea

关键词： Rainfall erosivity Sediment Extreme flood Melamchi Nepal

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Cell-derived nanovesicles from mesenchymal stem cells as extracellular vesicle-mimetics in wound healing

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第5期13卷 1887-1902页

作者： Yub raj neupane Harish K.Handral Syed Abdullah Alkaff Wei Heng Chng Gopalakrishnan Venkatesan Chenyuan Huang Choon Keong Lee Jiong-Wei Wang Gopu Sriram Rhonnie Austria Dienzo Wen Feng Lu Yusuf Ali Bertrand Czarny Giorgia Pastorin Department of Pharmacy National University of SingaporeSingapore 117559Singapore Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics the University of Iowa College of PharmacyIowa CityIA 52242USA Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117575Singapore School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme NUS Graduate SchoolNational University of SingaporeSingapore 119077Singapore Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group(AMR-IRG) Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and TechnologySingapore 138602Singapore Department of Surgery National University of SingaporeSingapore 119228Singapore Cardiovascular Research Institute National University Heart CentreSingapore 117599Singapore Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme Centre for NanoMedicineYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117609Singapore Department of Physiology National University of SingaporeSingapore 117593Singapore Faculty of Dentistry National University of SingaporeSingapore 119085Singapore Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Singapore Eye Research Institute(SERI) Singapore General HospitalSingapore 169856Singapore NUSNNI-NanoCore National University of SingaporeSingapore 117574Singapore

Wound healing is a dynamic process that involves a series of molecular and cellular events aimed at replacing devitalized and missing cellular components and/or tissue layers.Recently,extracellular vesicles(EVs),naturally cell-secreted lipid membrane-bound vesicles laden with biological cargos including proteins,lipids,and nucleic acids,have drawn wide attention due to their ability to promote wound healing and tissue regeneration.However,current exploitation of EVs as therapeutic agents is limited by their low isolation yields and tedious isolation processes.To circumvent these challenges,bioinspired cell-derived nanovesicles(CDNs)that mimic EVs were obtained by shearing mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)through membranes with different pore sizes.Physical characterisations and highthroughput proteomics confirmed that MSC-CDNs mimicked MSC-EVs.Moreover,these MSC-CDNs were efficiently uptaken by human dermal fibroblasts and demonstrated a dose-dependent activation of MAPK signalling pathway,resulting in enhancement of cell proliferation,cell migration,secretion of growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins,which all promoted tissue regeneration.Of note,MSC-CDNs enhanced angiogenesis in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells in a 3D PEGfibrin scaffold and animal model,accelerating wound healing in vitro and in vivo.These findings suggest that MSC-CDNs could replace both whole cells and EVs in promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration.

关键词： Extracellular vesicles Cell-derived nanovesicles Bionanotechnology Mesenchymal stem cells Fibroblasts Cell proliferation Cell migration ECM Wound healing

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Prevalence of Diabetes and Dyslipidemia Patterns amongst Hypertensive Patients in a Tertiary Cardiac Centre in Kathmandu, Nepal

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2023年第7期13卷 404-414页

作者： Madhu Roka Keshab raj neupane Rabindra Simkhada Ravi Sahi Department of Medicine Gandaki Medical College Pokhara Nepal Department of Cardiology Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre Kathmandu Nepal

Background: Dyslipidemia and hypertension are independent cardiovascular risk factors that are linked by insulin resistance and they require follow-up and more aggressive therapeutic strategies. Hence, the present study was done to study the prevalence of Diabetes and Dyslipidemia patterns in hypertensive patients. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was done on patients with hypertension for duration of one year, i.e. from Feb 2022 to January 2023. A total of 726 hypertensive Patients were included. All calculations and statistical analyses were processed by SPSS 25.0. Results: A Total of 726 patients with a history of hypertension were included;the average age was 55, with 24.2% of patients belonging to the age group 51 - 60;55.8% were males and 44.2% were females. In the present study, the prevalence of diabetes was 29.06% and 35.5% of patients in the prediabetic stage. The most frequent dyslipidaemic form was reduced HDL, seen in 96.1% and 94% of new and old respectively;followed by elevated LDL, 86% and 48.2% in new and old respectively. It was followed by elevated TG level and Total cholesterol levels. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of diabetes, pre-diabetes as well as dyslipidemia in hypertensive patients.

关键词： Hypertension Diabetes Dyslipidemia

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Comparsion of the Subjective Need for Orthodontic Treatment with Its Affecting Factors between Local Students and Foreign Students in Nanjing

Comparsion of the Subjective Need for Orthodontic Treatment ...

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作者： Niroj raj neupane 南京大学

学位级别：硕士

Objective:To compare the need for orthodontic treatment between local students and foreign students in Nanjing as well as analyze the affecting factors.Materials and Methods:A total of 210 persons studying in Nanjing were selected for the study. Among them,105 were foreign students and 105 were local students. Two universities, Nanjing University and Southeast University were selected for the study. Data were collected with the help of a questionnaire and clinical examination was done to assess the ICON index which was used to assess the orthodontic test. The independent variables which are statistically significant are screened using logistic regression analysis with the method of forward stepwise and regarded as factors affecting the subjective need for orthodontic treatment. The p value is taken as p＜0.05.Results:52.4% local students and 56.2% foreign students were found to have an ICON index of＜29. Very high ICON index＞ 77 indicating the highest complexity of treatment were found to be almost the same in both the groups （2.6% local students and 1.9% foreign students respectively）.54.3% local students were satisfied with their teeth whereas this number was higher in the foreign students group （71.5%）.95.2% local students thought that straight teeth were important whereas only 87.6% of foreign students thought so.68.6% local students thought orthodontic treatment was to improve facial appearance whereas only 46.2% foreign students thought so. The prevalence of the desire for orthodontic treatment was 18%（19/105） in local students and 38%（40/105） in foreign students. Aesthetic component （P=0.01）, upper arch crowding （P=0.00）, crossbite （P=0.00） and incisor overbite （P=0.00） of the ICON components had a great significance and were associated with the desire and plan for undergoing orthodontic treatment in both groups. Importance of well aligned teeth and the self-perception of psychosocial impact of malocclusion were the two main important factors influencing the subjective orthodontic treatment need in both the

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Knowledge and prevention measures against dengue in southern Nepal

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2014年第12期2卷 998-1001页

作者： Biswas neupane Komal raj Rijal Megha raj Banjara Basu Dev Pandey Central Department of Microbiology Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipurNepal Everest International Clinic and Research Center KathmanduNepal

Objective:To ascertain the knowledge and prevention measures against dengue among selected adult population in southern Nepal.Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted in Rapti Zonal Hospital,Dang and Bharatpur Hospital,Chitwan during August-November,2011.A total of 212 patients were interviewed regarding their knowledge and practices about dengue fever.Serum samples were collected and investigated for the presence of anti-dengue IgM antibodies by IgM-ELISA.Results:Data from 156 patients greater than 15 years were analyzed.Among them,21 samples were found to possess anti-dengue IgM antibodies by ELISA.Females,economically active people,farmers,unemployed and housewives were more frequently affected by dengue.Of the total,118(76%)were reported to know the disease dengue.Fever,headache and myalgia were the most known symptoms and house drains and kitchen garden were known as the most common breeding sites of mosquitoes.Garbage disposal,use of mosquito nets and covering water containers were the best known preventive measures.Conclusions:The overall knowledge of dengue was high,but females,old persons,unemployed and housewives had relatively little knowledge of dengue.Therefore,these groups may need special attention in future dengue education programs.Persons with knowledge of the disease more frequently reported the use of preventive measures,indicating the value of education programs as a tool in dengue prevention.

关键词： Dengue Knowledge Practices Prevention

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Effect of Pest Exclusion Net(PEN)on the Sustainable Production of Late Season Broad Leaf Mustard(BLM)in Chitwan,Nepal

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2018年第5期8卷 315-322页

作者： Ram Chandra neupane Arjun Kumar Shrestha rajendra Regmi Kim Fooyontphanich Ananta raj Devkota Faculty of Agriculture Agriculture and Forestry UniversityChitwan 44209Nepal Asia Innovative Farmers Activity(AIFA)Project WINROCK InternationalBangkok 10330Thailand

Broad leaf mustard(BLM)(Brassica juncea L.var.rugosa,Brassicaceae)is one of the most widely consumed vegetable crops in Nepal.The production of crop in open field is constrained by major pests like mustard aphid and flea beetle.This study was aimed to determine the effects of pest exclusion net(PEN)on pest-infestation and yield of BLM cultivar“Khumal Broad Leaf”.The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design(RCBD)with five treatments and four replications.The treatments included control(no mulch+no net+no pesticide spray),black plastic mulch only,reflective plastic mulch only,black plastic mulch+no net+pesticide spray,and PEN+black plastic mulch+no pesticide spray.Data were analyzed with RSTAT software package and means were separated by Duncan’s multiple range test(DMRT)at 5%level of significance.The result revealed that crop under PEN had highest plant height(38.99 cm),lowest number of aphid(0-0.86 per plant),flea beetle(0-1.07 per plant)and highest total marketable yield(77.50 ton/ha)while control had lowest plant height(20.06 cm),highest number of aphid(maximum 2.49 per plant),flea beetle(maximum 2.00 per plant)and lowest total marketable yield(13.75 ton/ha).Economic analysis revealed highest benefit-cost ratio in PEN(9.90).This study indicates that the use of PEN protect BLM against aphid and flea beetle,increases yield and can be considered as a viable technology for BLM production by smallholder growers of Nepal.

关键词： Broad leaf mustard(BLM) pest exclusion net(PEN) mustard aphid flea beetle

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Colorectal cancer in Nepal

Colorectal cancer in Nepal

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第四届中国肿瘤学术大会暨第五届海峡两岸肿瘤学术会议

作者： Prakash raj neupane B P Koirala Memoril Cancer HospitalNepal

＜正＞Objective :Colorectal cancer is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in men and women in the United States. In the developing countries like Nepal, there are limitations in diagnosis, treatment facilities and financial abilities for the treatment of cancers. Sincere efforts with these limited facilities can provide satisfactory results in treatment of colo-rectal cancer. Methods: Records of 144 patients with colo-rectal cancer who underwent different types of surgery at the department of surgical oncology from October 1999 to October 2004 were identified. Details history including age, sex, and histology, TNM staging, types of surgery and other investigationai records were documented and analyzed. Results: In 144 patients, males were 81 and females 63, age ranging from 11 years to 76 years. Fifty-two patients were of less than 40 years. Among which 100 patients with rectal, 34 right sided colon and 10 with left sided colon cancers. Histologi-cally 96% were adenocarcinoma. According to TNM staging, 2% of the patients was with stage I,24% stage II, 60% stage III and 14% stage IV.Types of Surgery were: 53 patient underwent anterior perineal resection, 20 low anterior resection, 34 right hemicolectomy, 10 left hemicolectomy, 22 cases colostomy, 7 bypass surgery, 6 laparotomy and one underwent trans anal local excision. Conclusion: The patients were young, 36.1% （52/144） within 40 years, about 83.2% presented at resectable stage （stage III or less） with anal sphincter preservation in 27 % （21/74） in rectal cancer patients.

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Innovative Practices for the Promotion of Local/Indigenous Knowledge for Disaster Risk Reduction Management in Sudur Paschim Province,Nepal

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Journal of Geographical Research 2021年第3期4卷 1-11页

作者： kabi Prasad Pokhrel Shambhu Prasad Khatiwada Narayan Prasad Paudyal Keshav raj Dhakal Chhabi Lal Chidi Narayan Prasad Timilsena Dhana Krishna Mahat Central Department of Geography Education Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Central Department of Geography Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Central Department of Science Education Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal PhD Research Scholar of Geography Education Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal

This study is an attempt to point out the different types of natural hazards in Sudur Paschim province of Nepal where environmental degradation processes such as deforestation,desertification,biodiversity loss,soil crisp and watershed degradation are rising trends.Using participatory method multi hazard prone areas were identified with type and intensity.Multi criteria evaluation method was applied to prioritize replicable actions with location-specific innovative practices and their legitimization for integrating local and indigenous knowledge into mainstream education,science and policy with a view to incorporate local and indigenous knowledge as live science in disaster and climate change education.Findings of the study reveal that varieties of natural hazards in combination with social factors such as poverty,conflict and inequality have resulted frequent disasters and social vulnerabilities in many parts of the province.Traditionally,indigenous and local people have responded threats of multi hazards by using their traditional knowledge and skills which has evolved over generations,and continue to adapt to future changes.These traditional,often faith-based,beliefs and practices were found to use as the key to their resilience in the face of natural hazards.However,many communities have been lost their knowledge as the elderly die without transferring it to younger members.Behind this proper educational policy and strategic development plans have not been implemented to cope local/indigenous knowledge into practices.Findings of the study indicate that indigenous and local knowledge is a precious province resource that can support the process of disaster prevention,preparedness and response in cost-effective disaster risk reduction.Therefore,policy framework has to prime focus to integrate indigenous and local knowledge,wisdom and skills into mainstream educational programs in order to transfer science into policy and education(words)into practice.

关键词： Multihazard Indigenous knowledge Location-specific Innovative practice Indigenous communities Science to policy

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