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Generation of millijoule-level sub-5 fs violet laser pulses

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High Power laser Science and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 33-40页

作者： Xinhua Xie Yi Hung Yunpei Deng Adrian l.Cavalieri Andrius Baltuška Steven l.Johnson SwissFEl Paul Scherrer InstituteVilligen PSISwitzerland Photonics Institute Technische Universität WienViennaAustria Institute of Applied Physics University of BernBernSwitzerland Institute for Quantum Electronics Physics DepartmentETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland

We demonstrate the generation,spectral broadening and post-compression of second harmonic pulses using a thin beta barium borate(BBO)crystal on a fused-silica substrate as the nonlinear interaction *** combining second harmonic generation in the BBO crystal with self-phase modulation in the fused-silica substrate,we efficiently generate millijoule-level broadband violet pulses from a single optical *** second harmonic spectrum covers a range from long wave ultraviolet(down to 310 nm)to visible(up to 550 nm)with a bandwidth of 65 ***,we compress the second harmonic beam to a duration of 4.8 fs with a pulse energy of 0.64 mJ(5 fs with a pulse energy of 1.05 mJ)using chirped *** all-solid free-space apparatus is compact,robust and pulse energy scalable,making it highly advantageous for generating intense second harmonic pulses from near-infrared femtosecond lasers in the sub-5 fs regime.

关键词： post-compression second harmonic generation self-phase modulation supercontinuum generation

Oxidative stress mediates glycidol-induced endothelial injury and its protection by 6-C-(E-2-fluorostyryl)naringenin

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第5期13卷 2584-2594页

作者： Yue Zhou Hui Xu ka-Wing Cheng Feng Chen Qian Zhou Mingfu Wang College of Civil and Transportation Engineering/College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Glycidol is a common lipid-derived foodborne toxicant mainly presents in refined oils and related *** endothelial cells may be potential targets of the deleterious effects associated with glycidol *** human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs),we found that glycidol treatment promoted endothelialto-mesenchymal transition(EndMT)at a lower concentration(0.5 mmol/l),while induced apoptosis and inflammation at a higher concentration(1 mmol/l).These harmful effects were achieved by the activation of NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway and were mediated by reactive oxygen species(ROS).In addition,the protective potential of 6-C-(E-2-fluorostyryl)naringenin(6-CEFN)against glycidol was evaluated and compared with *** pre-treated with 6-CEFN,but not naringenin,displayed resistance to endothelial dysfunction caused by glycidol.

关键词： Glycidol Endothelial cells 6-C-(E-2-fluorostyryl)naringenin Oxidative stress Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition

Microplastic exposure disturbs sleep structure,reduces lifespan,and decreases ovary size in Drosophila melanogaster

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Zoological Research 2024年第4期45卷 805-820页

作者： Wei Yan Zi-Jie li Zi-Yi lin Shu-Qin Ji William ka Fai Tse Zhi-Qiang Meng Chang liu lei li Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong 518000China CAS Key laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease InstituteShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong 518000China laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology Center for Promotion of International Education and ResearchFaculty of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaFukuoka 819-0395Japan Shenzhen Key laboratory of Drug Addiction the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease InstituteShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong 518000China Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior Brain Cognition and Brain Disease InstituteShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong 518000China

The organ-specific toxicity resulting from microplastic(MP)exposure has been extensively explored,particularly concerning the gut,liver,testis,and ***,under natural conditions,these effects are not restricted to specific organs or *** whether MP exposure presents a systemic threat to an entire organism,impacting factors such as lifespan,sleep,and fecundity,is *** this study,we investigated the effects of dietary exposure to two different doses of MPs(1–5μm)using the terrestrial model organism Drosophila *** indicated that the particles caused gut damage and remained within the digestive *** MP exposure significantly shortened the lifespan of adult *** short-term exposure disrupted sleep patterns,increasing the length of daytime sleep ***,one week of MP exposure reduced ovary size,with a trend towards decreased egg-laying in mated *** MPs did not penetrate the brain or ovaries,transcriptome analysis revealed altered gene expression in these *** the ovary,Gene Ontology(GO)analysis indicated genotoxic effects impacting inflammation,circadian regulation,and metabolic processes,with significant impacts on extracellular structure-related *** the brain,GO analysis identified changes in pathways associated with proteolysis and carbohydrate ***,this study provides compelling evidence of the systemic negative effects of MP exposure,highlighting the urgent need to address and mitigate environmental MP pollution.

关键词： Microplastics Sleep lifespan Reproduction Risk assessment Drosophila melanogaster

经支气管冷冻肺活检后按需手术肺活检对比即刻手术肺活检诊断间质性肺疾病(COlD研究):一项随机对照临床试验

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中华结核和呼吸杂志 2024年第9期47卷 826-826页

作者： kalverda ka Ninaber MK Wijmans l 阳胜朱娅琳肖奎不详中南大学湘雅二医院呼吸与危重症医学科中南大学呼吸疾病研究所湖南省呼吸与危重症疾病临床医学研究中心中南大学呼吸疾病诊疗中心长沙410000

背景:间质性肺疾病(IlD)的充分诊断对于临床决策和预后非常重要。大多数IlD患者可通过对临床和放射学数据的评估做出准确诊断,但还有相当一部分患者仍需进行肺活检。手术肺活检(SlB)是获取组织的最常用方法,但其发病率甚至死亡率都很高... 详细信息

背景:间质性肺疾病(IlD)的充分诊断对于临床决策和预后非常重要。大多数IlD患者可通过对临床和放射学数据的评估做出准确诊断,但还有相当一部分患者仍需进行肺活检。手术肺活检(SlB)是获取组织的最常用方法,但其发病率甚至死亡率都很高。最近,临床引入了经支气管冷冻肺活检,其不良反应较SlB少,但诊断率低于SlB。本研究旨在比较两种诊断策略:阶梯策略(经支气管冷冻肺活检,如果冷冻活检获得的信息不够,再进行SlB)与即刻SlB策略。方法:COlD研究是一项在荷兰6家医院开展的多中心、随机对照临床试验。该研究纳入了经多学科团队讨论评估有肺活检指征的IlD患者。以1∶1的比例将患者随机分配到阶梯策略或即刻SlB策略中,并从首次手术开始随访12周。本研究的治疗对患者、临床医生和病理学家均未设盲。主要研究终点是非预期的胸管引流,定义为经支气管冷冻肺活检后需要胸管引流,或SlB后胸管引流时间延长(>24 h)。次要研究终点是诊断率、住院时间、术后疼痛评分和严重不良事件,其中,严重不良事件包括研究期间患者出现死亡、危及患者生命、患者需再次入院或患者住院时长增加[经支气管镜检查超过2 d(1个夜晚),SlB超过4 d(3个夜晚)]。研究进行了改良的意向治疗分析。研究已在荷兰试验注册中心(Nl7634)注册,现已结束。结果:在2019年4月8日至2021年10月24日期间,122例IlD患者接受了研究评估;55例患者被随机分配至阶梯组(n=28)或即刻SlB组(n=27);即刻SlB组有3例患者被排除。阶梯组的28例患者中有3例发生意外胸管引流(11%,95%CI:4%~27%),而即刻SlB组24例患者中有11例(46%,95%CI:2%~65%)在24 h内无法拔除胸管,绝对风险降低35%(11%~56%,P=0.0058)。在阶梯策略中,仅经支气管冷冻肺活检后的多学科团队诊断率为82%(64%~92%),在经支气管冷冻肺活检不确定后进行后续SlB时,诊断率增至89%(73%~96%)。在即刻SlB策略中,多学科团队的诊断率为88%(69%~97%)。阶梯组的总住院时间为1 d(IQR 1~1),而即刻SlB组为5 d(IQR 4~6)。阶梯组发生了1起(4%)严重不良事件,而即刻SlB组发生了12起(50%)严重不良事件。结论:在IlD诊断中,如果需要对肺组织进行评估,那么诊断策略应从经支气管冷冻肺活检开始,然后在经支气管冷冻肺活检不能得出诊断结论时进行SlB,这样似乎可显著减轻患者负担,缩短住院时间,且诊断率与即刻SlB相似。

关键词：间质性肺疾病支气管镜检查多学科团队患者负担病理学家肺活检临床决策诊断策略

Elucidating the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in hyperuricemia and gout:Insights and therapeutic strategies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第40期30卷 4404-4410页

作者： Abhay Kumar Singh Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan Ashok Iyaswamy leonard l Williams Department of Microbiology School of Life SciencesCentral University of Tamil NaduTiruvarurTN 610005India School of Biomedical Sciences Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China School of Chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong 999077China Department of Biochemistry Karpagam Academy of Higher EducationCoimbatore 641021India Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboroNC 27411United States

Hyperuricemia(HUA)is a condition associated with a high concentration of uric acid(UA)in the bloodstream and can cause gout and chronic kidney *** gut microbiota of patients with gout and HUA is significantly altered compared to that of healthy *** article focused on the complex interconnection between alterations in the gut microbiota and the development of this *** studies have suggested that changes in the composition,diversity,and activity of microbes play a key role in establishing and progressing HUA and gout ***,we discussed how the gut microbiota contributes to HUA through purine metabolism,UA excretion,and intestinal inflammatory *** examined specific changes in the composition of the gut microbiota associated with gout and HUA,highlighting key bacterial taxa and the metabolic pathways ***,we discussed the effect of conventional gout treatments on the gut microbiota composition,along with emerging therapeutic approaches that target the gut microbiome,such as the use of probiotics and *** also provided insights into a study regarding the gut microbiota as a possible novel therapeutic intervention for gout treatment and dysbiosis-related diagnosis.

关键词： Gut microbiota Dysbiosis Gout Hyperuricemia Inflammation Intestinal barrier Probiotics Prebiotics Fecal microbiota transplantation

The Most General Corrdinate Transformation Between the Hydrogen Atom and Harmonic Oscillator in Arbitrary Dimensions

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Chinese Physics letters 1997年第10期14卷 721-723页

作者： SU ka.lin Department of Physics Yueyang Normal CollegeYueyang 414000

In this paper,we find out the most general coordinate transformation between a d-dimensional hydrogen atom and a D-dimensional harmonic oscillator by means of the SU(1,l)*** other words,the generalized Kustaanheimo-St... 详细信息

关键词： algebra Transformation coordinate

Screener3D:a gaseous time projection chamber for ultra-low radioactive material screening

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2021年第12期32卷 103-115页

作者： Hai-Yan Du Cheng-Bo Du ka.l giboni Ke Han Sheng-Ming He li-Qiang liu Yue Meng Shao-Bo Wang Tao Zhang li Zhao Ji-Fang Zhou INPAC Shanghai Laboratory for Particle Physics and CosmologyKey Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology(MOE)School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Yalong River Hydropower Development Company Ltd.288 Shuanglin RoadChengdu 610051China SJTU-ParisTech Elite Institute of Technology(SPEIT) Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

In experiments searching for rare signals,background events from the detector itself are some of the major factors limiting search *** for ultra-low radioactive detector materials is becoming ever more *** propose to develop a gaseous time projection chamber(TPC)with a Micromegas readout for radio *** TPC records three-dimensional trajectories of charged particles emitted from a flat sample placed in the active volume of the *** detector can distinguish the origin of an event and identify the particle types with information from trajectories,which significantly increases the screening *** a particles from the sample surface,we observe that our proposed detector can reach a sensitivity higher than 100 l Bq m-2 within two days.

关键词： Charged-particle detector Surface a measurement Ultra-low radioactivity Material screening

Corneal blindness and current major treatment concerngraft scarcity

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第7期10卷 1154-1162页

作者： kah Hie Wong ka Wai kam li Jia Chen Alvin l.Young Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Prince of Wales Hospital

According to World Health Organization, the global prevalence of blindness in 2010 was 39 million people, among which 4% were due to corneal opacities. Often, the sole resort for visual restoration of patients with damaged corneas is corneal transplantation. However, despite rapid developments of surgical techniques, instrumentations and immunosuppressive agents, corneal blindness remains a prevalent global health issue. This is largely due to the scarcity of good quality corneal grafts. In this review, the causes of corneal blindness, its major treatment options, and the major contributory factors of corneal graft scarcity with potential solutions are discussed.

关键词： corneal blindness keratoplasty corneal graft corneal donation eye banking

Correct Interpretation of Creep Rates: A Case Study of Cu

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2015年第11期31卷 1065-1068页

作者： W.Blum J.Dvoák P.Král P.Eisenlohr V.Sklenika Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaften University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Institute of Physics of Materials Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Michigan State University

Traditionally the deformation resistance in creep is characterized by the minimum creep rate εmin and its sensitivity to stress （stress exponent n） and temperature （activation energy Q）. Various values of constant n have been reported in the literature and interpreted in terms of specific mechanisms. The present case study of coarse-grained Cu at 573 K yields a stress exponent n = 9 for εmin. in tension and a relatively low activation energy. The evolution of the deformation resistance with strain at constant tensile creep load and comparison with creep in compression without fracture indicates that the tensile εmin. result from transition from uniform deformation to strain localization during fracture. This is confirmed by the results of creep in compression where fracture is suppressed. Both the tensile εmin, and the compressive creep rate at strains around 0.3 can be described using existing equations for quasi-stationary deformation containing the subgrain boundary misorientation θ as structure parameter. While in the latter case constant θ leads to monotonic increase of n with stress, the tensile nine-power-law results from variable θ, and has no simple meaning. The result of this case study means that uncritical interpretation of minimum tensile creep rates as stationary ones bears a high risk of systematic errors in the determination of creep parameters and identification of creep mechanisms.

关键词： Cu Creep Minimum creep rate Activation energy Stress exponent