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Analysing the Potential Impact of Climate Change on the Hydrological Regime of the Upper Benue River Basin (North Cameroon)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第8期16卷 569-583页

作者： Elisabeth Dassou Fita Auguste Ombolo Thierry C. Fotso-Nguemo Daniel Bogno saïdou Augustin Daïka Steven Chouto Felix Abbo Mbele Department of Meteorology and Hydrology The National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua The University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Higher Institute of Agriculture Wood Water and Environment The University of Ebolowa Ebolowa Cameroun Department of Hydraulics and Water Management The National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua The University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Climate Change Research Laboratory (CCRL) National Institute of Cartography Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Geography Faculty of Arts Letters and Social Sciences University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon

In this study, we analyse the climate variability in the Upper Benue basin and assess its potential impact on the hydrology regime under two different greenhouse gas emission scenarios. The hydrological regime of the basin is more vulnerable to climate variability, especially precipitation and temperature. Observed hydroclimatic data (1950-2015) was analysed using a statistical approach. The potential impact of future climate change on the hydrological regime is quantified using the GR2M model and two climate models: HadGEM2-ES and MIROC5 from CMIP5 under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 greenhouse gas emission scenarios. The main result shows that precipitation varies significantly according to the geographical location and time in the Upper Benue basin. The trend analysis of climatic parameters shows a decrease in annual average precipitation across the study area at a rate of -0.568 mm/year which represents about 37 mm/year over the time 1950-2015 compared to the 1961-1990 reference period. An increase of 0.7°C in mean temperature and 14% of PET are also observed according to the same reference period. The two climate models predict a warming of the basin of about 2°C for both RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios and an increase in precipitation between 1% and 10% between 2015 and 2100. Similarly, the average annual flow is projected to increase by about +2% to +10% in the future for both RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios between 2015 and 2100. Therefore, it is primordial to develop adaptation and mitigation measures to manage efficiently the availability of water resources.

关键词： Climate Variability Hydrological Modelling Climate Models Upper Benue Basin Northern Cameroon

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Plasma effects on the bacteria Escherichia coli via two evaluation methods

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Plasma Science and Technology 2017年第7期19卷 102-109页

作者： Danijela VUJO?EVI? Uro? CVELBAR Ur?ka REPNIK Martina MODIC sa?a LAZOVI? Tina ZAVA?NIK-BERGANT Nevena PUA? Boban MUGO?A Evangelos GOGOLIDES Zoran Lj PETROVI? Miran MOZETI? Institute of Public Health Jozef Stefan Institute Institute of Physics University of Belgrade Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN) National Center for Scientific Research NCSR Demokritos

The degradation of Escherichia coli bacteria by treatment with cold, weakly ionised, highly dissociated oxygen plasma, with an electron temperature of 3 eV, a plasma density of 8 × 10^15 m^-3 and a neutral oxygen atom density of 3.5 × 10^21 m^-3 was studied. To determine the ＇real＇ plasma effects, two methods were used for evaluation and determination, as well as a comparison of the number of bacteria that had survived： the standard plate count technique （PCT） and advanced fluorescence-activated cell sorting （FACS）. Bacteria were deposited onto glass substrates and kept below 50 ℃ during the experiments with oxygen plasma. The results showed that the bacteria had fully degraded after about 2 min of plasma treatment, depending slightly on the amount of bacteria that had been deposited on the substrates. The very precise determination of the O flux on the substrates and the two-method comparison allowed for the determination of the critical dose of oxygen atoms required for the destruction of a bacterial cell wall--about 6 × 10^24 m^-2--as well as deactivation of the substrates--about 8 × 10^25 m^-2. These results were taken in order to discuss other results obtained by comparable studies and scientific method evaluations in the determination of plasma effects on bacteria.

关键词： oxygen plasma bacteria degradation PCT FACS

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Nonreciprocal coherent coupling of nanomagnets by exchange spin waves

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Nano Research 2021年第7期14卷 2133-2138页

作者： Hanchen Wang Jilei Chen Tao Yu Chuanpu Liu Chenyang Guo Song Liu ka Shen Hao Jia Tao Liu Jianyu Zhang Marco A.Cabero Z Qiuming Song sa Tu Mingzhong Wu Xiufeng Han Ke Xia Dapeng Yu Gerrit E.W.Bauer Haiming Yu Fert Beijing Institute School of Integrated Circuit Science and EngineeringBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain ComputingBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter 22761 HamburgGermany Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering(SIQSE) and Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and Technology(SUSTech)Shenzhen 518055China Department of Physics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Department of Physics Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsColorado 80523USA kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft University of Technology2628 CJ DelftThe Netherlands Institute for Materials Research WPI-AIMR and CSNRTohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of GroningenGroningenNijenborgh 49747 AG GroningenThe Netherlands

Nanomagnets are widely used to store information in non-volatile spintronic *** waves can transfer information with low-power consumption as their propagations are independent of charge ***,to dynamically couple two distant nanomagnets via spin waves remains a major challenge for *** we experimentally demonstrate coherent coupling of two distant Co nanowires by fast propagating spin waves in an yttrium iron garnet thin film with sub-50 nm *** in two nanomagnets are unidirectionally phase-locked with phase shifts controlled by magnon spin torque and spin-wave *** coupled system is finally formulated by an analytical theory in terms of an effective non-Hermitian *** results are attractive for analog neuromorphic computing that requires unidirectional information transmission.

关键词： spintronics nanomagnets spin waves coherent coupling nonreciprocity

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Organic Solar Cells at Stratospheric Condition for High Altitude Platform Station Application

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2022年第24期40卷 2927-2932页

作者： Ram Datt Harrison ka Hin Lee Guichuan Zhang Hin-Lap Yip Wing Chung Tsoi SPECIFIC Faculty of Science and EngineeringSwansea UniversityBay CampusFabian WaySwanseaSA18EN United Kingdom Department of Physics City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongSARChina School of Semiconductor Science and Technology South China Normal UniversityFoshanGuangdong528225 China State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology381 Wushan RoadGuangzhouGuangdong510640 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina

High specific power or power to mass ratio is a critical concern of photovoltaic(PV)for aerospace *** solar cells(OSCs)have advantages such as high absorption coefficient,compatibility with flexible substrate,light-weight,***,recently OSCs achieved power conversion efficiency(PCE)over 20%with the incorporation of the non-fullerene based small molecule acceptor and high specific power is believed to be *** enter the market,high-altitude platform station(HAPS)is perhaps the first place to start *** this work,we explore and compare the in-situ performance of two high performing OSCs,using the same donor but different acceptors,in mimic HAPS environment where the pressure,temperature and the illumination conditions are *** found that the use of acceptor can result in substantial difference in the performance at low temperatures.

关键词： Organic solar cells Stratosphere High-altitude platform station Low-temperature physics Donor-acceptor systems

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Diabetes and cognitive function:An evidence-based current perspective

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World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第2期14卷 92-109页

作者： Meghna Julian Sebastian Shahanas ka Khan Joseph M Pappachan Mohammad sadiq Jeeyavudeen School of Life Sciences Keele UniversityStoke-on-Trent ST55BGUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism University Hospitals of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SAUnited Kingdom

Several epidemiological studies have clearly identified diabetes mellitus(DM)as a major risk factor for cognitive dysfunction,and it is going to be a major public health issue in the coming years because of the alarming rise in diabetes prevalence across the *** and neural tissues predominantly depend on glucose as energy substrate and hence,any alterations in carbohydrate metabolism can directly impact on cerebral functional output including cognition,executive capacity,and *** affects neuronal function and mental capacity in several ways,some of which include hypoperfusion of the brain tissues from cerebrovascular disease,diabetes-related alterations of glucose transporters causing abnormalities in neuronal glucose uptake and metabolism,local hyper-and hypometabolism of brain areas from insulin resistance,and recurrent hypoglycemic episodes inherent to pharmacotherapy of diabetes resulting in neuronal *** decline can further worsen diabetes care as DM is a disease largely self-managed by ***,it is crucial to understand the pathobiology of cognitive dysfunction in relation to DM and its management for optimal long-term care plan for patients.A thorough appraisal of normal metabolic characteristics of the brain,how alterations in neural metabolism affects cognition,the diagnostic algorithm for patients with diabetes and dementia,and the management and prognosis of patients when they have this dangerous combination of illnesses is imperative in this *** evidence-based narrative with the backup of latest clinical trial reviews elaborates the current understanding on diabetes and cognitive function to empower physicians to manage their patients in day-to-day clinical practice.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Dementia Cognitive function Antidiabetic medications Hyperglycemia Hypoglycemia

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Down-conversion materials for organic solar cells:Progress,challenges,and perspectives

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Aggregate 2022年第3期3卷 59-79页

作者： Ram Datt Swati Bishnoi Harrison ka Hin Lee sandeep Arya Sonal Gupta Vinay Gupta Wing Chung Tsoi Faculty of Science and Engineering Sustainable Product Engineering Centre for Innovative Functional Industrial CoatingsSwansea UniversityBay CampusFabian WaySwansea SA18ENUK Advanced Materials and Metrology Division Council of Scientific And Industrial Research-National Physical LaboratoryDr.K.S.Krishnan MargNew Delhi 110012India Department of Physics University of JammuJammuJammu and Kashmir 180006India Department of Conducting Polymers Institute of Macromolecular ChemistryCzech Academy of SciencesPrague 616206Czech Republic Department of Physics Khalifa University of Science and TechnologyP.O.Box 127788Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates

Organic solar cells(OSCs)in terms of power conversion efficiency(PCE)and operational lifetime have made remarkable progress during the last decade by improving the active layer materials and introducing new *** newly developed wide bandgap organic donor and low bandgap acceptor molecules covered the absorption from the visible to the near-infrared *** the incident high energy region(UV)is not in favor of *** absorption causes thermalization losses and photoinduced degradation,which hinders the PCE and lifetime of ***,lanthanide and non-lanthanide-based down-conversion(DC)materials have been introduced,which can effectively convert the high-energy photons(UV)to low-energy photons(visible)and resolve the spectral mismatch losses that limit the absorption of OSCs in high energy incident ***,the DC materials also protect the OSCs from UV-induced *** DC materials were also proposed to cross the Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit of the solar *** this review,the need for DC materials and their processing method for OSCs have been thoroughly ***,the main emphasis has been given to developing lanthanides and non-lanthanides-based DC materials for OSCs,their applications,and their impact on photovoltaic device performance,stability,and future perspectives.

关键词： down-conversion down-shifting lanthanides organic solar cells photostability

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美国一流大学图书馆建设探析与启示

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图书馆 2011年第5期 79-81页

作者：崔宇红喀碧竹姚文莉王飒北京理工大学图书馆北京100081

对美国研究型大学图书馆的建筑、馆藏、信息服务、馆员和学术研究等方面进行调研,分析佐治亚理工学院图书馆和斯坦福大学图书馆的特色,从E-Only数字馆藏战略、多元化知识服务、机构融合和国际化人才四个方面启示我国高校图书馆发展路径。

关键词：一流大学图书馆现状调查案例分析发展路径

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Transplantation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells transfected with ectodysplasin for regeneration of sweat glands

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第15期124卷 2260-2268页

作者： CAI sa PAN Yu HAN Bing SUN Tong-zhu SHENG Zhi-yong FU Xiao-bing Department of Histology and Embryology School of Medicine Shenzhen University S henzhen Guangdong 518060 China Department of Physiology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Burns Institute First Affiliated Hospital Chinese People＇s Liberation Army General Hospital Trauma Center of Postgraduate Medical College Beijing 100037 China Research Center of Medical Sciences Guangdong General Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China

Background Patients with severe full-thickness burn injury suffer from their inability to maintain body temperature through perspiration because the complete destructed sweat glands can not be regenerated. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells （BM-MSCs） represent an ideal stem-cell source for cell therapy because of their easy purification and multipotency. In this study, we attempted to induce human BM-MSCs to differentiate into sweat gland cells for sweat gland regeneration through ectodysplasin （EDA） gene transfection. Methods The dynamic expression of EDA and EDA receptor （EDAR） were firstly observed in the sweat gland formation during embryological development. After transfection with EDA expression vector, human BM-MSCs were transplanted into the injured areas of burn animal models. The regeneration of sweat glands was identified by perspiration test and immunohistochemical analysis. Results Endogenous expression of EDA and EDAR correlated with sweat gland development in human fetal skin. After EDA transfection, BM-MSC acquired a sweat-gland-cell phenotype, evidenced by their expression of sweat gland markers by flow cytometry analysis. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a markedly contribution of EDA-transfected BM-MSCs to the regeneration of sweat glands in the scalded paws. Positive rate for perspiration test for the paws treated with EDA-transfected BM-MSCs was significantly higher than those treated with BM-MSCs or EDA expression vector （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions Our results confirmed the important role of EDA in the development of sweat gland. BM-MSCs transfected with EDA significantly improved the sweat-gland regeneration. This study suggests the potential application of EDA-modified MSCs for the repair and regeneration of injured skin and its appendages.

关键词： bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells sweat gland ectodysplasin regeneration

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软硬组合煤体塑性破坏与突出能量失稳判据

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采矿与安全工程学报 2019年第3期36卷 583-592页

作者：卢守青张永亮撒占友刘杰青岛理工大学安全工程系山东青岛266520 河南理工大学河南省瓦斯地质与瓦斯治理重点实验室--省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地河南焦作454150 青岛理工大学山东省重点行业领域事故防范技术研究中心(冶金有色领域) 山东青岛266520

煤与瓦斯突出过程的复杂性阻碍了人们对瓦斯突出机理的探索,为了更好地定量评价软硬组合赋存时瓦斯突出失稳情况,本文采用理论分析和数值模拟的手段对采掘过程中软硬组合煤体的塑性破坏和失稳突出规律进行了系统的研究,主要结论:巷道开... 详细信息

煤与瓦斯突出过程的复杂性阻碍了人们对瓦斯突出机理的探索,为了更好地定量评价软硬组合赋存时瓦斯突出失稳情况,本文采用理论分析和数值模拟的手段对采掘过程中软硬组合煤体的塑性破坏和失稳突出规律进行了系统的研究,主要结论:巷道开挖后,构造煤的渗透率会骤增使得原来积聚大量的瓦斯突然间释放出来;构造煤分层还会通过界面应力诱发邻近的原生煤塑性体积和塑性变形最大值增加,促进原生煤内部的瓦斯的释放;初始瓦斯压力为0.74 MPa时,单位体积构造煤的突出能量约为原生煤的3倍,构造煤的突出耗散能量却仅是原生煤的0.11倍;构造煤的突出失稳判据大于1,而原生煤的突出失稳判据要小于1。原生煤和构造煤组合体的弹性能、解吸瓦斯膨胀能均是突出能量的主要组成部分,对于组合煤体的区域瓦斯防突措施主要是以降低瓦斯膨胀能为主,局部瓦斯防突措施要同时降低瓦斯膨胀能和弹性能。

关键词：组合煤体塑性破坏瓦斯突出能量失稳判据

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Contents and Changes of Potassium in Plough Layers of Xuancheng, South Anhui Province

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第5期8卷 348-355页

作者： ka Lin Decheng Li Xiaodong Song Chaolong Zu Chaoqiang Jiang Jia Shen Chengxin Ma Qin Gao Qifa Zhu Xuejun Ji Guo Zhang Lin Xue State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institute of Tobacco Science Anhui Agricultural Academy of Sciences Hefei China Wannan Tobacco Co. Ltd. Xuancheng China

Xuancheng City is the dominant tobacco-planting area of Anhui province due to the high quality of the tobacco leaves. However, the potassium content in the tobacco leaves shows a gradual decreasing trend in recent years, which may be attributed partly to the possible low potassium content in topsoil of tobacco-planting farmland. Therefore, the content data in the year of 2005-2007 of rapidly available potassium (RA-K) of 7730 topsoil samples mainly under double rice rotation or wheat/rice-rice rotation at that time and the content data of slowly available potassium (sa-K) and RA-K of 124 typical topsoil samples in the year of 2015 under tobacco-rice rotation were used and compared in order to disclose the status of topsoil potassium and to provide a guidance for reasonable potassium fertilization in Xuancheng. The results showed that in 2005-2007 RA-K content ranged from 1 mg·kg-1 to 844 mg·kg-1 with an average of 68 mg·kg-1, and 82.7% of topsoil samples were insufficient in RA-K (-1). Comparatively in 2015 sa-K content ranged from 230 mg·kg-1 to 1340 mg·kg-1 with an average of 595 mg·kg-1, and 13.7% of soil samples were insufficient in sa-K (-1);RA-K content ranged from 46 mg·kg-1 to 352 mg·kg-1 with an average of 134 mg·kg-1, and 25.8% of soil samples were insufficient in RA-K (-1). The above data show that RA-K content has increased gradually in farmland topsoil mainly due to fertilization since 1980s, particularly to farmland under tobacco-rice rotation, but insufficient RA-K in topsoil is still widely and serious for farmland under double rice rotation or wheat/rice-rice rotation. Under tobacco-rice rotation, RA-K insufficiency usually occurred in the farmlands which plant tobacco less than 3 years, indicating more potassium fertilizer should be applied.

关键词： Rapidly Available Potassium (RA-K) Slowly Available Potassium (sa-K) Topsoil Tobacco-Rice Rotation Xuancheng City

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