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Probiotics intervention in colorectal cancer:From traditional approaches to novel strategies

Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第1期137卷 8-20页

作者： Suki ha Xiang Zhang Jun Yu Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseaseLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

The intestine harbors a large population of microorganisms that interact with epithelial cells to maintain host healthy physiological *** intestinal microbiota engage in the fermentation of non-digestible nutrients and produce beneficial metabolites to regulate host homeostasis,metabolism,and immune *** disruption of microbiota,known as dysbiosis,has been implicated in many intestinal diseases,including colorectal cancer(CRC).As the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide,CRC poses a significant health *** is an urgent need for novel interventions to reduce CRC incidence and improve clinical *** the intestinal microbiota has emerged as a promising approach for CRC prevention and *** research efforts in CRC probiotics primarily focus on reducing the incidence of CRC,alleviating treatment-related side effects,and potentiating the efficacy of anticancer therapy,which is the key to successful translation to clinical *** paper aims to review the traditional probiotics and new interventions,such as next-generation probiotics and postbiotics,in the context of *** underlying mechanisms of probiotic anti-cancer effects are also discussed,including the restoration of microbial composition,reinforcement of gut barrier integrity,induction of cancer cell apoptosis,inactivation of carcinogens,and modulation of host immune *** paper further evaluates the novel strategy of probiotics as an adjuvant therapy in boosting the efficacy of chemotherapy and *** all the promising findings presented in studies,the evaluation of potential risks,optimization of delivery methods,and consideration of intra-patient variability of gut microbial baseline must be thoroughly interpreted before bench-to-bedside translation.

关键词： colorectal cancer probiotics gut microbiota dysbiosis adjuvant therapy immune modulation gut barrrier

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Planar dual-polarized millimeter-wave shared-aperture array antenna with high band isolation

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022年第10期23卷 1568-1578页

作者： Yuyan CAO Zijun GUO Zhangcheng ha State Key Lab of Millimeter Waves School of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing 211111

A planar millimeter-wave shared-aperture array antenna is proposed and designed in this *** composing the substrate integrated waveguide(SIW)and the stripline,the K-band antenna is embedded inside the ka-band antenna to achieve a smaller size and a low profile by sharing an *** ka-band antenna radiates through the parallel slot pairs on the surface of the SIW cavities with horizontal polar‐ization,while the K-band antenna radiates through the butterfly-shaped slots with vertical polarization,which are also designed on the *** the two array antennas can radiate by sharing a common ap‐erture with high *** verify this idea,a proto‐type of an 8×8 shared-aperture array antenna has been designed with center frequencies of 19 and 30 GHz and fabricated using multilayer printed circuit board(PCB)technology.

关键词： antenna millimeter polarization

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Mitochondria-targeting self-assembled nanoparticles derived from triphenylphosphonium-conjugated cyanostilbene enable site-specific imaging and anticancer drug delivery

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Nano Research 2018年第2期11卷 1082-1098页

作者： ka Young Kim hanyong Jin Jaehyeon Park Sung Ho Jung Ji ha Lee Hyesong Park Sung Kuk Kim Jeehyeon Bae Jong Hwa Jung Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences Gyeongsang National University Jinju Republic of Korea School of Pharmacy Chung-Ang University Seoul Republic of Korea

Subcellular organelle-specific nanoparticles for simultaneous tumor targeting, imaging, and drug delivery are of enormous interest in cancer therapy. Herein, we report a selective mitochondria-targeting probe 1, which was synthesized by incorporating a triphenyl phosphine with a cyanostilbene and a long alkyl chain moiety. Probe 1 was found to display fluorescence via aggregation-induced emission （AIE）. The low molecular-weight cyanostilbene-based probe 1, with and without an anticancer drug, formed a narrow homogeneous nanorod with ca. 110 nm of length or nanopartides with ca. 20 nm diameter in aqueous media. The self-assembled cyanostilbene nanoparticles （N1） selectively accumulated in the mitochondria of cancer cells and emitted fluorescence. N1 was also able to deliver an anticancer drug, doxorubicin （DOX）, to the mitochondria with high efficiency. More importantl~ N1 exhibited highly selective cytotoxicity for cancer cells over normal cells. The great potential applications of this self-assembled nanoparticle to biological systems result from its ability to aggregate in the mitochondria. This aggregation led to a significant increase in the generation of intraceUular reactive oxygen species and to a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential in cancer cells. Furthermore, tumor tissue uptake experiments in mice proposed that the self-assembled N1 had the ability to internalize and deliver the anticancer drug into tumor tissues effectively. Moreover, both N1 and Nl-encapsulated doxorubicin （N1-DOX） effectively suppressed tumor growth in a xenograft model in vivo. Taken together, our findings indicate that applications of N1 as a mitochondrial targeting probe, drug delivery platform, and chemotherapeutic agent provide a unique strategy for potential image-guided therapy as well as a site-specific delivery system to cancer cells.

关键词： aggregation-inducedemission,chemotherap3 drug deliver3 mitochondria-targeting,fluorescence imaging

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Late Cenozoic Sedimentary Evolution of Pagri-Duoqing Co graben, Southern End of Yadong-Gulu Rift, Southern Tibet

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第3期92卷 972-987页

作者： ha Guanghao WU Zhonghai HE Lin WANG Shubing Key Laboratory of Neotectonic Movement & Geohazards Ministry of Natural Resources Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100081 China Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 10003 7 China College of Earth Science and Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China

The north trending rifts in southern Tibet represent the E-W extension of the plateau and confirming the initial rifting age is key to the study of mechanics of these rifts. Pagri-Duoqing Co graben is located at southern end of Yadong-Gulu rift, where the late Cenozoic sediments is predominately composed of fluvio-lacustrine and moraine. Based on the sedimentary composition and structures, the fluviolacustrine could be divided into three facies, namely, lacustrine, lacustrine fan delta and alluvial fan. The presence of paleo-currents and conglomerate components and the provenance of the strata around the graben indicate that it was Tethys Himalaya and High Himalaya. Electron spin resonance(ESR) dating and paleo-magnetic dating suggest that the age of the strata ranges from ca. 1.2 ma to ca. 8 ma. Optically stimulated luminescence(OSL) dating showed that moraine in the graben mainly developed from around181-109 ka(late Middle Pleistocene). Combining previous data about the Late Cenozoic strata in other basins, it is suggested that 8-15 ma may be the initial rifting time. Together with sediment distribution and drainage system, the sedimentary evolution of Pagri could be divided into four stages. The graben rifted at around 15-8 ma due to the eastern graben-boundary fault resulting in the appearance of a *** by a geologically quiet period about 8-2.5 ma, the paleolake expanded from east to west at around 8-6 ma reaching its maximum at ca. 6 ma. Then, the graben was broken at about 2.5 ma. At last,the development of the glacier separated the graben into two parts that were Pagri and Duoqing Co since the later stages of the Middle Pleistocene. The evolution process suggested that the former three stages were related to the tectonic movement, which determined the basement of the graben, while the last stage may have been influenced by glacial activity caused by climate change.

关键词： north trending rifts initial rifting age Late Cenozoic strata sedimentary evolution OSL ESR and paleomagnetic dating Tibet China

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History and possible mechanisms of prehistoric human migration to the Tibetan Plateau

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第9期59卷 1765-1778页

作者： ZhaNG DongJu DONG GuangHui WANG Hui REN XiaoYan ha PiPu'u QIANG MingRui CHEN FaHui Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems Ministry of Education College of Earth Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeological Research Lanzhou 730000 China Qinghai Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeological Research Xining 810007 China Cultural Relic Conservation Institute Lhasa 850000 China

Prehistoric human history on the Tibetan Plateau is a hotly debated topic. Archaeological research on the plateau during the past few decades has enormously improved our understanding of the topic and makes it possible for us to consider the processes and mechanisms of prehistoric human migration to the region. By reviewing the published archaeological research on the Tibetan Plateau, we propose that the first people on the plateau initially spread into the He-Huang region from the Chinese Loess Plateau, and then moved to the low elevation Northeastern Tibetan Plateau and perhaps subsequently to the entire plateau. This process consisted of four stages.(1) During the climatic amelioration of the Last Deglacial period(15–11.6 ka BP), Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers with a developed microlithic technology first spread into the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau.(2) In the early-mid Holocene(11.6–6 ka BP), Epipaleolithic microlithic hunter-gatherers were widely distributed on the northeastern plateau and spread southwards to the interior plateau, possibly with millet agriculture developed in the neighboring low elevation regions.(3) In the mid-late Holocene(6–4 ka BP), Neolithic millet farmers spread into low elevation river valleys in the northeastern and southeastern plateau areas.(4) In the late Holocene(4–2.3 ka BP), Bronze Age barley and wheat farmers further settled on the high elevation regions of the Tibetan Plateau, especially after 3.6 ka BP. Finally, we suggest that all of the reported Paleolithic sites earlier than the LGM on the Tibetan Plateau need further examination.

关键词：西藏高原可能机制人类迁徙人类历史青藏高原东北部低海拔地区旧石器时代全新世中晚期

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Basal internode elongation of rice as affected by light intensity and leaf area

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The Crop Journal 2020年第1期8卷 62-70页

作者： Xuhua Zhong kaiming Liang Bilin Peng ka Tian Xiaojuan Li Nongrong Huang Yanzhuo Liu Junfeng Pan Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangzhou 510640GuangdongChina Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology for Rice BreedingGuangzhou 510640GuangdongChina

Short basal internodes are important for lodging resistance of rice(Oryza sativa L.).Several canopy indices affect the elongation of basal internodes,but uncertainty as to the key factors determining elongation of basal internodes *** objectives of this study were(1)to identify key factors affecting the elongation of basal internodes and(2)to establish a quantitative relationship between basal internode length and canopy *** inbred rice cultivar,Yinjingruanzhan,was grown in two split-plot field experiments with three N rates(0,75,and 150 kg N ha−1 in early season and 0,90,and 180 kg N ha−1 in late season)as main plots,three seedling densities(16.7,75.0,and 187.5 seedlings m−2)as subplots,and three replications in the 2015 early and late seasons in Guangzhou,*** intensity at base of canopy(Lb),light quality as determined from red/far-red light ratio(R/FR),light transmission ratio(LTR),leaf area index(LAI),leaf N concentration(NLV)and final length of second internode(counted from soil surface upward)(FIL)were *** N rate and seedling density resulted in significantly longer *** was negatively correlated with Lb,LTR,and R/FR(P0.05).Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that FIL was strongly associated with Lb and LAI(R2=0.82).Heavy N application to pot-grown rice at the beginning of first internode elongation did not change *** conclude that FIL is determined mainly by Lb and LAI at jointing *** has no direct effect on the elongation of basal internodes.N application indirectly affects FIL by changing LAI and light conditions in the rice *** LAI and improving canopy light transmission at jointing stage can shorten the basal internodes and increase the lodging resistance of rice.

关键词： Internode elongation Leaf area index Light intensity Light quality R/FR,Light transmission ratio Leaf N concentration

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Vesicle-bound and free microRNAs in spent cell culture medium and biological fluids

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2012年第8期3卷 1091-1095页

作者： Gang Wang ka-Bik Lai Bonnie Ching-ha Kwan kai-Ming Chow Philip kam-Tao Li Cheuk-Chun Szeto Department of Medicine & Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

Background: In addition to the control of gene transla- tion intra-cellularly, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to exist extracellularly. However, extracellular miRNA identified in previous studies were largely confined to microvesicles. It remains uncertain whether free extracellular miRNA exists. Methods: We quantify a panel of miRNAs (miRNA 200 family, miR-205, and miR-192) in spent culture medium of renal tubular epithelial cells, as well as serum and urine from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and healthy controls. Microvesicle bound and free miRNA were separated by ultracentrifugation. Results: In spent cell culture medium, we found substantial amount of miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-141, miR-429, miR-205, and miR-192 in microvesicles, as well as the presence of miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-429, miR-205 and miR-192, but not miR-200c or miR-141 as non-vesicle bound free form. In healthy individuals, we found substantial amount of miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-141 and miR-192 in microvesicles from serum and urine, while only miR-141 exists as free form in both serum and urine. There was no significant difference in serum or urinary free miR-141 levels between SLE patients and healthy controls. In SLE patients, urinary free miR-141 level was signifiantly higher than serum. Neither serum nor urinary free miR-141 levels correlated with lupus disease activity. Conclusion: We found miRNA is present extracellularly, both within microvesicles and as free form, in spent cell culture medium, serum and urine. The biological role of extracellular miRNA requires further study.

关键词： Cell Signaling Fibrosis Cytokine

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Non-vesicle-bound free microRNAs could enter cells and affect gene expression

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2012年第3期3卷 181-185页

作者： Gang Wang ka-Bik Lai Bonnie Ching-ha Kwa kai-Ming Chow Philip kam-Tao Li Cheuk-Chun Szeto Department of Medicine & Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

Background: Cell-free microRNAs (miRNAs) exist in body fluid. Previous studies showed that cell-free mi-RNAs are partly bound in microvesicles, and could transfer between cells via fusion with cell membrane. Methods: We quantified the amount of a panel of mi-RNA targets in and outside microvesicles in human proximal tubular epithelial cell (HK2) medium by microarray and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR). Intercellular miRNA transfer was explored by medium transfer experiments. Results: We identified a portion of cell-free miRNAs that exists as non-vesicle bound, truly naked form. More importantly, these non-vesicle bound free miRNA could transfer between cells and exert biological effects. By miRNA microarray, we showed that the expression of many miRNA targets in HK-2 cells were altered, either up- or down-regulated, after exposure to extrinsic free miRNAs. The miRNA-200 family was the most affected in our model, with a corresponding alteration in the messenger RNA expression of down-stream targets including ZEB1 and vimentin. Conclusion: Our results suggest that free miRNA may serve as an intercellular messenger, a phenomenon that needs further exploration.

关键词： Cell Signaling Fibrosis Cytokine

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Experience of Drug Abusers Participating in Community-Based Drug Rehabilitation Services Provided by the Counselling Centres for Psychotropic Substance Abusers (CCPSAs) in Hong Kong

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Health 2020年第8期12卷 1008-1028页

作者： Mimi Mei ha Tiu Carmen ka man Fung Wing Yan Fung Yin Yee Lai Chui man Tse Tsz Hung Wong Tsz Kwan Wong Wing Yi Wong Mei Suet Wu ka man Yeung Lok Tung Yeung Yuk Ying Yu School of Nursing and Health Studies The Open University of Hong Kong HKSAR China

Despite the official statistics showing that the number of drug users has been declining, the problem of drug abuse remains serious in Hong Kong. This problem is evidenced by the trend of hidden and prolonged drug abuse. The recovery of drug abusers is an important process, because the misuse of drugs can cause many bio-psycho-social complications. Therefore, 11 Counselling Centres for Psychotropic Substance Abusers (CCPSAs) in different districts in Hong Kong play an important role on those drug abusers [1]. As a core community-based drug rehabilitation service in Hong Kong, studies about CCPSAs are limited. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to explore the experience of drug abusers participating in community-based drug rehabilitation services provided by CCPSAs. Five CCPSA users, who utilized the services for more than two months, participated in the semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Data collected were then analysed by thematic analysis, and five themes were generated: 1) receiving supportive counselling service in CCPSAs, 2) revealing variance towards nonmandatory services in CCPSAs, 3) encountering intrapersonal conflicts when participating in CCPSAs, 4) expanding social network through integration in group activities and 5) wishing to be a companion to other drug abusers. Findings of this study provide valuable insights towards services modification and the enhancement of drug rehabilitation and drug abusers’ wellbeing over the collaboration of healthcare workers, services providers and the media. However, this study has some limitations, and it presents suggestions for future research.

关键词： Drug Rehabilitation Services Counselling Centres Substances Abusers

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2019⁃2020年阿克苏地区A(H3N2)亚型流感病毒抗原变异与耐药分析

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病毒学报 2022年第4期38卷 821-832页

作者：荣晓夙周红亮马瑞杰蒋清莉热依汗古丽·卡迪尔何忻李虎阿克苏地区疾病预防控制中心阿克苏市843000

为分析中国新疆阿克苏地区2019⁃2020年A(H3N2)亚型流感病毒抗原性变异及耐药情况。本文选取A(H3N2)亚型流感病毒血凝滴度≥8的毒株,用标准雪貂抗血清进行抗原性分析,利用二代测序技术对病毒基因测序后进行序列分析,通过耐药检测分析病... 详细信息

为分析中国新疆阿克苏地区2019⁃2020年A(H3N2)亚型流感病毒抗原性变异及耐药情况。本文选取A(H3N2)亚型流感病毒血凝滴度≥8的毒株,用标准雪貂抗血清进行抗原性分析,利用二代测序技术对病毒基因测序后进行序列分析,通过耐药检测分析病毒对神经氨酸酶抑制剂的敏感性。抗原性分析结果显示,全部毒株为疫苗株A/kansas/14/2017细胞株的低反应株,均为疫苗株A/HongKong/45/2019细胞株的类似株。ha和NA基因序列进化树显示与A/HongKong/45/2019属于同一分支。与同年疫苗株A/kansas/14/2017比对,ha蛋白抗原决定簇位点氨基酸变异,分别是E62G、N91S、K92R、N121K、T135K、S137F、K144S、S159Y、K160T、N171K、I179V、R208I;受体结合位点T135K、S137F处氨基酸发生变异;133⁃135、483⁃485处减少两个潜在糖基化位点,158⁃160处增加1个潜在糖基化位点;ha蛋白二硫键位点保守。与同年疫苗A/kansas/14/2017比对,NA蛋白抗原决定簇位点T329S、K344E处氨基酸发生变异;NA蛋白酶活性位点及周围催化位点、耐药位点、糖基化位点保守,二硫键C42F处发生氨基酸变异。M2蛋白S31N位点处氨基酸发生变异。本地区A(H3N2)流感病毒对神经氨酸酶抑制剂奥司他韦和扎那米韦药物敏感。总之,2019⁃2020年阿克苏地A(H3N2)亚型流感病毒与WHO推荐的2019⁃2020年北半球疫苗株A/kansas/14/2017不匹配,而与WHO推荐2020⁃2021年北半球疫苗株A/HongKong/45/2019匹配性更好。还需持续做好流感病毒抗原性和耐药监测工作,及时掌握流感病毒基因特性情况,为本地区流感病毒防控提供科学依据。

关键词：流感病毒 H3N2亚型抗原性基因序列特性耐药性分析

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