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Evolution of Mother-to-Child HIV-1 Transmission Rate in Mali from 2009 to 2018

Advances in Microbiology 2024年第5期14卷 256-267页

作者： Alou Sanogo Mohamed Ag Baraïka.Maïga.Aminata Demba Koita Mahamadou Abdou Mamadou Guindo Clémentine N’Diaye Fatoumata Namoudou Traoré Abdoulaye Baga.oko Youssouf Diallo Flabou Bougoudogo Ibrehima Guindo National Institute for Public Health Bamako Mali Faculty of Pharmacy (FAPH) University of Science of Technical and Technology de Bamako Bamako Mali University Hospital Center (CHU)-Point G Bamako Mali Faculty of Medecine and Odonto-Stomatology University of Science of Technical and Technology de Bamako Bamako Mali Sector Unit for the Fight aga.nst AIDS Tuberculosis and Hepatitis Bamako Mali UNICEF (United Nations Children’ s Fund) Bamako Mali

Despite enormous efforts to achieve the goal of eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1, it remains a major challenge for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Mali. Our objective is to assess changes in the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. We conducted a cross-sectional study between January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2018 (10 years) of early diagnosis activity in newborns and children born to HIV-1-positive mothers at the National Institute for Public Health (INSP). The samples came from health and referral centers in mali. All samples were received at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology at the INSP. Proviral DNA extraction was performed from a blood spot sample with a Roche DNA kit, Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan HIV-1 qualitative Test, V2.0 (Roche Molecular System, Inc, USA) following the company procedures. Molecular diagnosis was performed using the same kits using an algorithm of three identical PCRs. The Epi Info version 7 software was used for data analysis with a significance threshold of 5%. A total of 10,714 samples of infants and children born to HIV-positive mothers were analyzed by PCR. Ninety-six percent of mothers were on ARV prophylaxis (AZT 3TC NVP and AZT NVP) and 60% of newborns received the same ARV prophylaxis. Of these children, 956 tested positive with an overall transmission rate of 8.92%, varying between 7.27% in 2009 and 08.01% in 2018. This rate was relatively low among children receiving prophylaxis at 2.04% and remained high for children who received breastfeeding at 5.62%. However, the transmission rate remains low for those who have benefited from mixed and artificial breastfeeding at 1.58% and 1.27% respectively. A significant proportion of children remained infected by their mothers during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding. This study shows the importance of early diagnosis of HIV in children using molecular technology.

关键词： Early Diagnosis Mothers-to-Child Newborns PCR DNA HIV-1

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Geodesic metrics on fractals and applications to heat kernel estimates

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Science China Mathematics 2023年第5期66卷 907-934页

作者： Qingsong Gu ka.Sing Lau Hua Qiu Huo-Jun Ruan Department of Mathematics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Department of Mathematics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Mathematics University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15217USA School of Mathematical Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

It is well known that for a Brownian motion, if we change the medium to be inhomogeneous by a measure μ, then the new motion(the time-changed process) will diffuse according to a different metric D(·, ·).In 2009, Kiga.i initiated a general scheme to construct such metrics through some self-similar weight functions g on the symbolic space. In order to provide concrete models to Kiga.i’s theoretical construction, in this paper,we give a thorough study of his metric on two classes of fractals of primary importance: the nested fractals and the generalized Sierpinski carpets;we further assume that the weight functions g := ga.are generated by“symmetric” weights a. Let M be the domain of a such that Dga.efines a metric, and let S be the boundary of M. One of our main results is that the metrics from ga.satisfy the metric chain condition if and only if a ∈ *** determine M and S, we provide a recursive weight transfer construction on the nested fractals, and a basic symmetric argument on the Sierpinski carpet. As an application, we use the metric chain condition to obtain the lower estimate of the sub-ga.ssian heat kernel. This together with the upper estimate obtained by Kiga.i allows us to have a concrete class of metrics for the time change, and the two-sided sub-ga.ssian heat kernel estimate on the fundamental fractals.

关键词： Brownian motion heat kernel metric chain condition nested fractal quasisymmetry resistance metric Sierpinski carpet weight function

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A Climatic Utility Index for the Analysis of the Expected Changes of Cherry and Sour Cherry Production in Central Hunga.y,Rega.ding Climate Change

A Climatic Utility Index for the Analysis of the Expected Ch...

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2012 International Conference on Future Environment and Energy（ICFEE 2012）

作者： Márta ga.l Károly Szenteleki Zoltán Mézes Réka.Homoródi Márta Ladány Corvinus University of Budapest H-1118 Budapest Villányi út 29 Hungary University of Debrecen H-4032 Debrecen B sz rményi út 138. Hungary

Production security and risk of a given plant are basically determined by climatic factors the change of which is a great challenge for the *** paper focuses on the climatic conditions of cherry and sour cherry production in Central Hunga.y in three time periods:1961-1990 as a reference,2021-2050 as the near future and 2071-2100 for the long-term analysis.A climatic utility index is introduced based on climatic factors and experts’ suggestions and *** future changes are evaluated by using the predictions of regional climate model RegCM3.1 downscaled to the Carpathian *** show that in the near future fruit cracking risk of cherry could be higher,but in overall the expected changes are mostly favourable for both cherry and sour cherry production in *** the end of the century irriga.ion may be required to maintain the production security and the high standard quality of *** is also advised to re-evaluate the varieties according to the indicated changes,as a new orchard planted nowadays will have many productive years in the considered future periods.

关键词： climate change cherry production sour cherry production climatic risk climatic year types climatic utility index

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Epidemiological Profile of Chronic Kidney Disease at the General Hospital of National Reference of N’Djamena (Chad)

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2016年第3期6卷 78-85页

作者： Ibrahim Hamat Guillaume Mahamat Abderraman Zeinab Maïga.Moussa Tondi Mahamat Youssouf Mouhammadou Moustapha Cisse Fotclossou Tara Elhaj Fary ka.Abdou Niang Boucar Diouf Nephrology-Hemodialysis Unit General Hospital of National Reference of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad Service of Nephrology National Hospital of Lamordé of Niamey Niamey Niger Internal medicine Renaissance Hospital of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad Service of Nephrology Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Chronic renal failure is a disease that affects many patients worldwide and increasingly in Africa. At the end of 2003, about 1.1 million people were suffering from End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and were treated with periodic dialysis [12]. In Africa, CKF represents 2% to 10% of hospital admissions and is responsible for 4% to 22% of deaths [14]. So, this study is conducted for the first time in Chad, with the aims to determine the prevalence of CKD. Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study over a period of 12 months from April 29, 2011 to April 28, 2012. All patients with chronic renal failure rega.dless of etiology and stage of chronic kidney disease were included in the study. Chronic renal failure was defined as a glomerular filtration rate below 60 ml/min/1.73m (MDRD) for more than 3 months. This study was conducted in several departments of the National General Reference Hospital (NGRH) of N’Djamena. Result: Among 2039 inpatients, 195 patients had chronic renal failure, as a frequency of 9.6%. The average age of our patients was 51 ± 16.8 years, ranging from 11 to 85 years. Male predominance was noted to be 59% of men aga.nst 41% of women. We noted that high blood pressure accounted for 66.2% (N = 129) of cases, diabetes in 48.2% (N = 94), alcoholism in 28.7% (N = 56), smoking in 14.9% (N = 29) and the association alcoholism-smoking in 19.5% (N = 38). Hypertension was the leading cause of chronic renal failure (66.2%). All patients had a serum creatinine and creatinine clearance was assessed. Among them, we noted 57 patients (29%) with end-stage renal failure. The average calcium and phosphate serum were 1.8 mmol/l and 1.6 mmol/l, respectively. We noted that 120 patients as 61.5%, currently took herbal medicine. 48 out of 57 of our patients with ESRD as 24.6% of patients in the study had received replacement therapy (hemodialysis) with 12.5% of deaths. Conclusion: Chad, who compiled the first study with 195 patients at

关键词： Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology N’djamena Chad

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Pediatric Nasopharyngeal Rhabdomyosarcoma: About a Case and Review of Literature

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2021年第1期12卷 10-18页

作者： Dohoué Patricia Eliane Agbanglanon Imane M’barki Oswald Houessou ga.l Kietga.Siham Jaba Hafsa Elouazzani Séka.Evrard Narcisse Hanan Elka.emi Nadia Cherradi Sanaa Elmajjaoui Noureddine Benjaafar Department of Radiotherapy Oncology National Institute of Oncology Rabat Morocco Department of Pathological Anatomy Laboratory Specialties Hospital Rabat Morocco

Introduction: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue tumor in children, with the head and neck location accounting for up to 40% of cases. The embryonal and alveolar histologic variants are more commonly seen in pediatric patients. The treatment is multimodal and the prognosis of this clinical entity is always gloomy. We report the case of nasopharyngeal rhabdomyosarcoma in a 7-year-old boy child with a good response to early post-therapy. Case Presentation: The patient was diagnosed with nasopharyngeal RMS revealed by a congested nose, ptosis and bilateral blindness, and who received induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent radiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. The evolution is marked by a good clinical course but persistence of bilateral blindness

关键词： Rhabdomyosarcoma Nasopharyngeal Pediatric Chemotherapy Radiotherapy

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Bandga. energy determination of In As Sb epilayers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on ga.As substrates

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2019年第4期29卷 472-476页

作者： K.Murawski E.Gomó?ka.M.Kopytko K.Grodecki K.Michalczewski ?.Kubiszyn W.ga.ron P.Martyniuk A.Roga.ski J.Piotrowski Institute of Applied Physics Military University of Technology Vigo System S.A.

InAsSb ternary alloys can be considered as an alternative to HgCdTe for mid-wavelength,as well as long-wavelength infrared *** energy bandga. exhibits nonlinearity versus Sb composition,and hence the correct determination of its value is necessary for the effective design and simulation of optoelectronic *** commonly used expression on the InAsSb energy bandga. provided by Wieder and Clawson overestimated energy bandga. values at high *** this paper,we present two modified empirical relationships which are based on the experimental data obtained in our laboratory and published *** are correct for a wide range of Sb molar composition and *** nonlinearity of the energy ga. is described with the adequate bowing *** data collected in our experiment,for samples grown on lattice mismatched ga.s substrates,fits well with a bowing factor of C=0.72 *** minimum bandga. energy that can be reached at room temperature is about 73 meV for a Sb mole fraction,x=*** comparison,the bandga. at low temperatures collected in the literature for samples grown on lattice-matched ga.b substrates is smaller than the measured values in our experiment and fits well with a parabola with C=0.9 eV.

关键词： InAsSb Bandga. energy Bowing Ⅲ-Ⅴ ternary alloys Infrared detectors

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京津冀区域治理政策变迁的非线性逻辑--基于间断平衡的分析框架

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管理现代化 2021年第5期41卷 82-86页

作者：杨卡国际关系学院国家安全学院北京100091

新世纪以来,中国区域政策呈现出新的阶段性特征,为了探索区域政策变迁的内在根源与动力因素,运用政策间断平衡分析框架对京津冀区域协作政策进行了剖析。政策间断跃迁的主要动力来源于城市区域系统自身的演化,系统议程和政府议程中对城... 详细信息

新世纪以来,中国区域政策呈现出新的阶段性特征,为了探索区域政策变迁的内在根源与动力因素,运用政策间断平衡分析框架对京津冀区域协作政策进行了剖析。政策间断跃迁的主要动力来源于城市区域系统自身的演化,系统议程和政府议程中对城市问题、区域问题本质理解的变化,政策图景与政府注意力转换,以及政策场域的轮换更替等;其中,政策场域变化是新时期区域政策间断式变迁的核心推动力量,宏观政治体系的介入促进了政策系统的快速变迁。

关键词：京津冀区域治理政策间断平衡理论

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Materials Design on the Origin of ga. States in a High-κ/ga.s Interface

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Engineering 2015年第3期1卷 372-377页

作者： Weichao Wang Cheng Gong ka.Xiong Santosh K.C. Robert M.Wallace Kyeongjae Cho Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of Texas at Dallas College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering Nankai University

Given the demand for constantly scaling micro- electronic devices to ever smaller dimensions, a SiO2 ga.e dielectric was substituted with a higher dielectric-constant material, Hf（Zr）O2, in order to minimize current leaka.e through dielectric thin film. However, upon interfacing with high dielectric constant （high-κ） dielectrics, the electron mobility in the conventional Si channel degrades due to Coulomb scattering, surface-roughness scattering, remotephonon scattering, and dielectric-charge trapping.Ⅲ-Ⅴ and Ge are two promising candidates with superior mobility over Si. Nevertheless, Hf（Zr）O2/Ⅲ-Ⅴ（Ge） has much more complicated interface bonding than Si-based interfaces. Successful fabrication of a high-quality device critically depends on understanding and engineering the bonding configurations at Hf（Zr）O2/Ⅲ-Ⅴ（Ge） interfaces for the optimal design of device interfaces. Thus, an accurate atomic insight into the interface bonding and mechanism of interface ga. states formation becomes essential. Here, we utilize first- principle calculations to investiga.e the interface between HfO2 and ga.s. Our study shows that As--As dimer bonding, ga.partial oxidation （between 3＋ and 1＋） and ga. dangling bonds constitute the major contributions to ga. states. These findings provide insightful guidance for optimum interface passivation.

关键词： high-mobility device high-κ/Ⅲ-Ⅴ interface interfacial ga. states first-principle calculations

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多源流视角下京津冀区域政策的演变逻辑与优化前景

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管理现代化 2021年第6期41卷 38-41页

作者：杨卡霍海涛国际关系学院国家安全学院北京100091

针对京津冀区域协作政策过程,基于政策多源流理论的分析框架,探索三大源流在区域政策演进中的作用和互动机制。研究表明,三大源流中问题流与政治流是目前京津冀区域政策演进的重要推动力问题源流表现为空间失衡与对一体化协作的迫切需求... 详细信息

针对京津冀区域协作政策过程,基于政策多源流理论的分析框架,探索三大源流在区域政策演进中的作用和互动机制。研究表明,三大源流中问题流与政治流是目前京津冀区域政策演进的重要推动力问题源流表现为空间失衡与对一体化协作的迫切需求;政治流的关注和主动识别作用突出;政策流中政策制定者、研究者和相关者主动或被动涉入,需继续提升政策企业家和焦点事件的带动作用。

关键词：多源流理论区域政策京津冀

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基于声誉的供应链合作伙伴选择模型

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计算机工程 2015年第6期41卷 152-157页

作者：卢志刚林卡上海海事大学经济管理学院上海201306

为高效准确地寻找最佳供应链伙伴组合,提出一种供应链伙伴选择的多目标优化模型。以提高企业声誉稳定性、企业与盟主企业拟合度极大化,以及供应链伙伴组合总体声誉极大化为目标函数,利用保留精英策略的非支配遗传算法进行求解,以减少优... 详细信息

为高效准确地寻找最佳供应链伙伴组合,提出一种供应链伙伴选择的多目标优化模型。以提高企业声誉稳定性、企业与盟主企业拟合度极大化,以及供应链伙伴组合总体声誉极大化为目标函数,利用保留精英策略的非支配遗传算法进行求解,以减少优秀企业在迭代过程中被淘汰的概率,并找到Pareto最优解。算例结果表明,与供应链伙伴选择独立决策模型以及TOPSIS模型相比,该模型不仅有助于选取稳定性更高的伙伴组合,并能实现供应链整体综合效用的最大化。

关键词：声誉合作伙伴选择遗传算法精英策略多目标规划

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