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COVID-19 outbreaks in residential care homes in Hong Kong and effectiveness of vaccine against severe outcomes

Infectious Medicine 2023年第1期2卷 1-10页

作者： Mei Hung Joanna Leung Kin Hang Kung Ian Siu-kiu Yau Yan Yee Fung Kirran Nazesh Mohammad Cheong Chi Andrew Lau ka wing albert au Shuk Kwan Chuang Centre for Health Protection Department of HealthKowloonHong KongChina

Background:COVID-19 outbreaks in residential care homes for the elderly(RCHEs)and for persons with disability(RCHDs)have caused significant morbidity and mortality during 5th epidemic in Hong Kong.This article reviewed COVID-19 outbreaks situation and estimated the effectiveness of receiving at least two-dose of COVID-19 vaccine in preventing severe outcomes.Methods:To estimate attack rates and vaccination coverage,documentation on COVID-19 infection and their vaccination records of residential care homes(RCH)residents reported between December 31,2021 and May 31,2022 were reviewed,and infected cases were follow-up for 4 weeks for severe outcomes or death.Correlation between vaccination coverage against attack rate by types of homes was examined.Infected RCH residents with available information were included in the analysis of vaccine effectiveness against severe outcomes and death.Results:COVID-19 vaccination coverage was low in RCHDs(median 0.46,IQR:0.24-0.76)and very low in RCHEs(median 0.08,IQR:0.00-0.19).Higher attack rates were recorded among RCHE residents(median 0.84,IQR:0.64-0.93)and higher case fatality rate(CFR:28.1%)than in RCHDs(median 0.58,IQR:0.31-0.84;CFR:3.9%).The attack rate decreased when vaccination coverage increased for both RCHEs(ρ=−0.131,p<0.001)and RCHDs(ρ=−0.333,p<0.001).Comparing with infected residents who were unvaccinated/vaccinated with one-dose,receiving at least two-dose was estimated to be effective in reducing severe outcomes in 31%and 36%of infected RCHE and RCHD residents respectively;with greater reduction in mortality among RCHD than RCHE residents(54%and 38%,respectively).Vaccine effectiveness of two-dose of BNT162b2 against severe outcomes and death are higher than that of CoronaVac.Conclusions:Increasing COVID-19 vaccination could have significant impact on reducing the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks in RCHs.At least two-dose of COVID-19 vaccine is still effective in reducing severe outcomes and death among infected residents in RCHs during Omicron epidemic.

关键词： COVID-19 Attack rates Long-term care facilities Vaccine effectiveness Severe outcomes Hong Kong China

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Multi-omics analysis of attenuated variant reveals potential evaluation marker of host damaging for SARS-CoV-2 variants

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 83-95页

作者： Guangshan Xie Lin Zhu Siwen Liu Cun Li Xin Diao Yanhao Zhang Xiuli Su Yuanyuan Song Guodong Cao Li Zhong Pui Wang Xiaojuan Liu Bobo wing-Yee Mok Shusheng Zhang Dong-Yan Jin Jie Zhou Honglin Chen Zongwei Cai State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong SARChina State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Department of MicrobiologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina College of Chemistry Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina HKBU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Continuing Education Shenzhen 518000China

SARS-CoV-2 continues to threaten human society by generating novel variants via mutation and recombination.The high number of mutations that appeared in emerging variants not only enhanced their immune-escaping ability but also made it difficult to predict the pathogenicity and virulence based on viral nucleotide sequences.Molecular markers for evaluating the pathogenicity of new variants are therefore needed.By comparing host responses to wild-type and variants with attenuated pathogenicity at proteome and metabolome levels,six key molecules on the polyamine biosynthesis pathway including putrescine,SAM,dc-SAM,ODC1,SAMS,and SAMDC were found to be differentially upregulated and associated with pathogenicity of variants.To validate our discovery,human airway organoids were subsequently used which recapitulates SARS-CoV-2 replication in the airway epithelial cells of COVID-19 patients.Using ODC1 as a proof-ofconcept,differential activation of polyamine biosynthesis was found to be modulated by the renin-angiotensin system(RAS)and positively associated with ACE2 activity.Further experiments demonstrated that ODC1 expression could be differentially activated upon a panel of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern(VOCs)and was found to be correlated with each VOCs’pathogenic properties.Particularly,the presented study revealed the discriminative ability of key molecules on polyamine biosynthesis as a predictive marker for virulence evaluation and assessment of SARS-CoV-2 variants in cell or organoid models.Our work,therefore,presented a practical strategy that could be potentially applied as an evaluation tool for the pathogenicity of current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 multi-omics attenuated variant predictive pathogenic marker polyamine biosynthesis

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Bidding Strategy for Coordinated Operation of Wind Power Plants and NGG-P2G Units in Electricity Market

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第1期8卷 212-224页

作者： Xiang Gao ka wing Chan Shiwei Xia Xian Zhang Guibin Wang Shenzhen Polytechnic ShenzhenChina and also with the Department of Electrical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong KongChina Department of Electrical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong KongChina School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China School of Mechanical Engineering and automation Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518055China College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

The synergies between electricity and other energy resources could promote energy utilization efficiency in electricity market.Within this context,this paper proposes a bi-level stochastic optimization model for the joint operation of a coordinated wind power plant(WPP)and natural gas generating(NGG)-power to gas(P2G)suppliers participating in the day-ahead(DA)market and real-time(RT)market as well as providing real-time auxiliary services.The coordinated supplier’s payoff is maximized in the upper level with consideration of the uncertainties of WPP output capacity and RT electricity price,while the social welfare of the grid is maximized in the lower level.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed bidding model of the coordinated WPPs and NGG-P2G suppliers by examining its bidding behaviors and benefits with comparisons of four other bidding models.

关键词： Bi-level model bidding strategy WPP NGGP2G uncertainties

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Coordinated Control of DFIG Converters to Comply with Reactive Current Requirements in Emerging Grid Codes

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第2期10卷 502-514页

作者： Yuanzhu Chang Ilhan Kocar Jiabing Hu Ulas karaagac ka wing Chan Jean Mahseredjian the Electrical Engineering Department Polytechnique MontrealMontrealCanada the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China the Department of Electrical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

The doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG)is considered to provide a low-reactance path in the negative-sequence system and naturally comply with requirements on the negative-sequence reactive current in emerging grid codes.This paper shows otherwise and how the control strategy of converters plays a key role in the formation of the active and reactive current components.After investigating the existing control strategies from the perspective of grid code compliance and showing how they fail in addressing emerging requirements on the negative-sequence reactive current,we propose a new coordinated control strategy that complies with reactive current requirements in grid codes in the positive-and negative-sequence systems.The proposed method fully takes advantage of the current and voltage capacities of both the rotor-side converter(RSC)and grid-side converter(GSC),which enables the grid code compliance of the DFIG under unbalanced three-phase voltages due to asymmetrical faults.The mathematical investigations and proposed strategy are validated with detailed simulation models using the Electric Power Research Institute(EPRI)benchmark system.The derived mathematical expressions provide analytical clarifications on the response of the DFIG in the negative-sequence system from the grid perspective.

关键词： Doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG) negative sequence short circuit wind turbine generator reactive current space vector unbalanced fault phase lock loop(PLL).

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Prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with hematological malignancies in the targeted therapy era

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世界胃肠病学杂志:英文版 2023年第33期29卷 4942-4961页

作者： Joyce wing Yan Mak Alvin wing Hin Law Kimmy Wan Tung Law Rita Ho Carmen ka Man Cheung Man Fai Law Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Prince of Wales HospitalHong Kong 852China West Island School Hong Kong 852China Department of Medicine North District HospitalHong Kong 852China

Hepatitis due to hepatitis B virus(HBV)reactivation can be serious and potentially fatal,but is preventable.HBV reactivation is most commonly reported in patients receiving chemotherapy,especially rituximab-containing therapy for hematological malignancies and those receiving stem cell transplantation.Patients with inactive and even resolved HBV infection still have persistence of HBV genomes in the liver.The expression of these silent genomes is controlled by the immune system.Suppression or ablation of immune cells,most importantly B cells,may lead to reactivation of seemingly resolved HBV infection.Thus,all patients with hematological malignancies receiving anticancer therapy should be screened for active or resolved HBV infection by blood tests for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen.Patients found to be positive for HBsAg should be given prophylactic antiviral therapy.For patients with resolved HBV infection,there are two approaches.The first is pre-emptive therapy guided by serial HBV DNA monitoring,and treatment with antiviral therapy as soon as HBV DNA becomes detectable.The second approach is prophy-lactic antiviral therapy,particularly for patients receiving high-risk therapy,especially anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Entecavir and tenofovir are the preferred antiviral choices.Many new effective therapies for hematological malignancies have been introduced in the past decade,for example,chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cell therapy,novel monoclonal antibodies,bispecific antibody drug conjugates,and small molecule inhibitors,which may be associated with HBV reactivation.Although there is limited evidence to guide the optimal preventive measures,we recommend antivi-ral prophylaxis in HBsAg-positive patients receiving novel treatments,including Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors,B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitors,and CAR-T cell therapy.Further studies are needed to determine the risk of HBV reactivation with these agents and the bes

关键词： Hepatitis B Hematologic neoplasms Chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy Monoclonal antibodies Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors Antiviral agents

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Optimal Offering Strategy of Virtual Power Plant with Hybrid Renewable Ocean Energy Portfolio

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第6期9卷 2040-2051页

作者： Siyuan Guo Bin Zhou ka wing Chan Siqi Bu Canbing Li Nian Liu Cong Zhang College of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Department of Electrical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China

This paper proposes a hybrid ocean energy sys-tem to form a virtual power plant(VPP)for participating in electricity markets in order to promote the renewable ocean energy utilization and accommodation.In the proposed system,solar thermal energy is integrated with the closed-cycle ocean thermal energy conversion(OTEC)to boost the temperature differences between the surface and deep seawater for efficiency and flexibility improvements,and the thermodynamic effects of seawater mass flow rates on the output of solar-boosted OTEC(SOTEC)are exploited for deploying SOTEC as a renewable dispatchable unit.An optimal tidal-storage operation model is also developed to make use of subsea pumped storage(SPS)with hydrostatic pressures at ocean depths for mitigating the intermittent tidal range energy in order to make the arbitrage in the electricity market.Furthermore,a two-stage coordinated scheduling strategy is presented to optimally control seawater mass flow rates of SOTEC and hydraulic reversible pump-turbines of SPS for enhancing the daily VPP profit.Comparative studies have been investigated to confirm the superiority of the developed methodology in various renewable ocean energy and electricity market price scenarios.

关键词： Ocean thermal energy conversion rolling optimization subsea pumped storage system tidal power generation virtual power plant

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Transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E:What we know so far?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第1期28卷 47-75页

作者： Carmen ka Man Cheung Sunny Hei Wong Alvin wing Hin Law Man Fai Law Medicine and Therapeutics Prince of Wales HospitalHong Kong 852China Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics the Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 852China Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore West Island School Hong Kong 852China

Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is a major cause of viral hepatitis globally.There is growing concern about transfusion-transmitted HEV(TT-HEV)as an emerging global health problem.HEV can potentially result in chronic infection in immunocompromised patients,leading to a higher risk of liver cirrhosis and even death.Between 0.0013%and 0.281%of asymptomatic blood donors around the world have HEV viremia,and 0.27%to 60.5%have anti-HEV immunoglobulin G.HEV is infectious even at very low blood concentrations of the virus.Immunosuppressed patients who develop persistent hepatitis E infection should have their immunosuppressant regimen reduced;ribavirin may be considered as treatment.Pegylated interferon can be considered in those who are refractory or intolerant to ribavirin.Sofosbuvir,a nucleotide analog,showed modest antiviral activity in some clinical studies but sustained viral response was not achieved.Therefore,rescue treatment remains an unmet need.The need for HEV screening of all blood donations remains controversial.Universal screening has been adopted in some countries after consideration of risk and resource availability.Various pathogen reduction methods have also been proposed to reduce the risk of TT-HEV.Future studies are needed to define the incidence of transmission through transfusion,their clinical features,outcomes and prognosis.

关键词： Hepatitis E virus Acute and chronic hepatitis Immunosuppression Blood transfusion Transplantation

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Simultaneous portohepatic vein embolization a radiological:a short cut to associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2021年第3期10卷 373-375页

作者： ka wing Ma albert Chi Yan Chan Department of Surgery Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Insufficient future liver remnant(FLR)represented one of the most common contraindications for major hepatectomy as post-hepatectomy liver failure(PHLF)was associated with high mortality with no effective treatment.Since the description of portal vein embolization(PVE)by Makucchi in 1984(1),FLR volumetric modulation was made possible.Use of PVE before major hepatectomy for patients with insufficient FLR(i.e.,<30%of estimated standard liver volume)had greatly improved resectability.

关键词： hepatectomy mortality liver

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Organic Solar Cells at Stratospheric Condition for High Altitude Platform Station Application

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2022年第24期40卷 2927-2932页

作者： Ram Datt Harrison ka Hin Lee Guichuan Zhang Hin-Lap Yip wing Chung Tsoi SPECIFIC Faculty of Science and EngineeringSwansea UniversityBay CampusFabian WaySwanseaSA18EN United Kingdom Department of Physics City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongSARChina School of Semiconductor Science and Technology South China Normal UniversityFoshanGuangdong528225 China State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology381 Wushan RoadGuangzhouGuangdong510640 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina

High specific power or power to mass ratio is a critical concern of photovoltaic(PV)for aerospace applications.Organic solar cells(OSCs)have advantages such as high absorption coefficient,compatibility with flexible substrate,light-weight,etc.Moreover,recently OSCs achieved power conversion efficiency(PCE)over 20%with the incorporation of the non-fullerene based small molecule acceptor and high specific power is believed to be obtained.To enter the market,high-altitude platform station(HAPS)is perhaps the first place to start with.In this work,we explore and compare the in-situ performance of two high performing OSCs,using the same donor but different acceptors,in mimic HAPS environment where the pressure,temperature and the illumination conditions are controlled.We found that the use of acceptor can result in substantial difference in the performance at low temperatures.

关键词： Organic solar cells Stratosphere High-altitude platform station Low-temperature physics Donor-acceptor systems

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Experience of living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in the University of Hong Kong Hospital

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Hepatoma Research 2022年第1期8卷 90-105页

作者： Janice Hoi Man Mok ka wing Ma Kenneth Siu Ho Chok Li ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Surgery The University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Aim:To describe the current practise of living donor liver transplantation(LDLT)for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),including the patient selection criteria,surgical techniques,management of small-for-size syndrome,postoperative complications,and the results of our units,in the Liver Transplant Centre of Queen Mary Hospital,Hong Kong,one of the high-volume centres for LDLT in Asia.Methods:Our centre practises careful selection for HCC patients using the University of California,San Francisco(UCSF)criteria,supplemented by alpha-fetoprotein level and the model for end-stage liver disease score.Slight flexibility is offered to enthusiastic donors and recipients in LDLT while balancing the risks and benefits.We pioneered in using the extended right lobe graft and the novel hepatic venoplasty technique,which lessen the risk of hyperperfusion and small-for-size syndrome with improved overall recipient survival.Data were collected prospectively and presented as the mean values and ranges,or the number of patients in proportion of total patient population.Results:Of our patients,74.9% met the UCSF criteria,and 64.5% met the Milan criteria.A 5-year overall and disease-free survival rate of 78.9% and 76.3% were achieved.Conclusion:LDLT is an ideal treatment for HCC in Hong Kong with regard to the critical organ shortage and high demand for transplantation.The current surgical techniques and post-transplant surveillance contribute to the positive outcome.

关键词： Living donor liver transplantation hepatocellular carcinoma high volume centre LDLT HCC

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