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Assimilating OSTIA SST into regional modeling systems for the Yellow Sea using ensemble methods

Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2017年第3期36卷 37-51页

作者： JI Xuanliang kwon kyung man CHOI Byoung-Ju LIU Guimei PARK Kwang-Soon WANG Hui BYUN Do-Seong LI Yun JI Qiyan ZHU Xueming National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center State Oceanic AdminstrationBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting National Marine Environmental Forecasting CenterState Oceanic AdminstrationBeijing 100081China Department of Oceanography Kunsan National UniversityGunsan 54150Republic of Korea Department of Oceanography Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology Ansan 15627Republic of Korea Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency Busan 49111Republic of Korea Marine Acoustics and Remote Sensing Laboratory Zhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan 316000China

The effects of sea surface temperature（SST） data assimilation in two regional ocean modeling systems were examined for the Yellow Sea（YS）. The SST data from the Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis（OSTIA） were assimilated. The National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center（NMEFC） modeling system uses the ensemble optimal interpolation method for ocean data assimilation and the Kunsan National University（KNU） modeling system uses the ensemble Kalman filter. Without data assimilation, the NMEFC modeling system was better in simulating the subsurface temperature while the KNU modeling system was better in simulating SST. The disparity between both modeling systems might be related to differences in calculating the surface heat flux, horizontal grid spacing, and atmospheric forcing data. The data assimilation reduced the root mean square error（RMSE） of the SST from 1.78°C（1.46°C） to 1.30°C（1.21°C） for the NMEFC（KNU） modeling system when the simulated temperature was compared to Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature（OISST） SST dataset. A comparison with the buoy SST data indicated a 41%（31%） decrease in the SST error for the NMEFC（KNU） modeling system by the data assimilation. In both data assimilative systems, the RMSE of the temperature was less than 1.5°C in the upper 20 m and approximately 3.1°C in the lower layer in October. In contrast, it was less than 1.0°C throughout the water column in February. This study suggests that assimilations of the observed temperature profiles are necessary in order to correct the lower layer temperature during the stratified season and an ocean modeling system with small grid spacing and optimal data assimilation method is preferable to ensure accurate predictions of the coastal ocean in the YS.

关键词： ensemble optimal interpolation ensemble Kalman filter SST Yellow Sea assimilation

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Experimental Analyses of Moderately High-Temperature Heat Pump Systems with R245fa and R1233zd(E)

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Energy Engineering 2022年第6期119卷 2231-2242页

作者： Ting Chen Oh kyung kwon State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power&Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China Clean Energy R&D Department Korea Institute of Industrial TechnologyCheonan31056Republic of Korea

With the limited production and use of R245fa,environmentally friendly refrigerant has attracted the attention of *** to the similar thermal characteristics,R1233zd(E)is considered to be an ideal substitute for R245fa in heat pump *** this study,the performance and economic analysis of heat pump systems with R245fa and R1233zd(E)as refrigerants are carried *** results show that the total cost of R1233zd(E)system is more than 10%higher than that of R245fa system under the same heating *** the increase of condensation temperature,the heating capacity of both systems decreases,and with the increase of evaporation temperature,the heating capacity *** variation trend of coefficient of performance(COP)of the two systems is similar to that of heating *** the same operating conditions,the COP of R1233zd(E)system is 19.2%higher than that of R245fa system,and the volumetric heat capacity of R1233zd(E)is 9.0%–13.9%lower than that of *** economic analysis results show that the investment cost of R1233zd(E)system is low under the same heat load.

关键词： Heat pump R1233zd(E) R245fa performance comparison economic analysis

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Effect of polyethylene glycol on electrochemically deposited trivalent chromium layers

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2009年第4期19卷 819-823页

作者： Joo-Yul LEE man KI M Sik-Chol kwon Department of Surface Technology Korea Institute of Materials Science

The structural characteristics of the trivalent chromium deposits and their interfacial behavior in the plating solution with and without polyethylene glycol molecules were observed by using various electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry,open circuit potential transition,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron *** is shown that the polyethylene glycol molecules make the reductive current density lower in the trivalent chromium plating system and promote a hydrogen evolution reaction through their adsorption on the electrode *** the trivalent chromium layer formed from the polyethylene glycol-containing solution has somewhat higher density of cracks on its surface and results in a lower film resistance,lower polarization resistance,and higher capacitance in a corrosive *** is also revealed that the formation of chromium carbide layer is facilitated in the presence of polyethylene glycol,which means easier electrochemical codeposition of chromium and carbon,not single chromium deposition.

关键词：聚乙二醇电沉积层三价铬扫描电子显微镜电化学阻抗谱电极表面电化学方法乙二醇溶液

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Optimal rotor wear design in hypotrochoidal gear pump using genetic algorithm

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Journal of Central South University 2011年第3期18卷 718-725页

作者： kwon Soon-man KIM Chang-Hyun SHIN Joong-ho Department of Mechanical Design and manufacturing Engineering Changwon National University

The wear rate between the rotors of a hypotrochoidal gear pump is *** the knowledge of shape design on the rotors,the contact stresses without hydrodynamic effect between the rotor teeth were evaluated through the calculation of the Hertzian contact *** on the above results and the sliding velocity between the rotors,a genetic algorithm (GA) was used as an optimization technique forminimizing the wear rate proportional factor (WRPF).The result shows that the wear rate or the WRPF can be reduced considerably,*** 12.8%,throughout the optimization using GA.

关键词： gerotor hypotrochoidal gear pump Hertzian contact stress wear rate proportional factor genetic algorithm

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Assessment of incidental focal colorectal uptake by analysis of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography parameters

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第17期10卷 5634-5645页

作者： Haejun Lee kyung-Hoon Hwang Kwang An kwon Department of Nuclear Medicine Gachon University College of MedicineGil Medical CenterIncheon 21565South Korea Department of Gastroenterology Gachon University College of MedicineGil Medical CenterIncheon 21565South Korea

BACKGROUND Colon and rectal cancers are among the top five cancers worldwide in terms of their incidence and mortality *** the treatment options for cure include surgery even in specific advanced-stage cases,the early detection of lesions is important for applying active treatment ***-18 fluorodeoxyglucose(F-18 FDG)positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)is an established imaging study for many types of cancers;however,physiologic uptake in the gastrointestinal tract is a frequent finding and may interfere with lesion ***,as unexpectedly observed focal colorectal F-18 FDG uptake may harbor malignant lesions,further examination must not be *** To assess the clinical implications of unexpected focal colorectal F-18 FDG uptake by analyzing FDG PET *** A total of 15143 F-18 FDG PET/CT scans performed at our hospital between January 2016 and September 2021 were retrospectively reviewed to identify incidentally observed focal colorectal FDG ***,83 regions showing focal colorectal FDG uptake with final histopathological reports from 80 patients(45 men and 35 women with mean ages of 66.9±10.7 years and 63.7±15.3 years,respectively)were eligible for inclusion in the present *** focal hypermetabolic colorectal region was classified as malignant,premalignant,or benign according to the histopathological *** parameters such as maximum and peak standardized uptake value(SUVmax and SUVpeak),metabolic tumor volume(MTV),mean SUV of the metabolic tumor volume(mSUVmtv),and total lesion glycolysis(TLG)were measured or calculated for the corresponding hypermetabolic *** and nonparametric statistical comparisons of these parameters were performed among the three *** operating characteristic curves were plotted to identify cut-off *** The detection rate of incidental focal colorectal uptake was 0.53%(80/15,143).Of the 83 regions with unexpected fo

关键词： Colorectal Incidental Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose Positron emission tomography/computed tomography Standardized uptake value

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Kinematical system of breadth cam profile design

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Journal of Central South University 2011年第2期18卷 451-457页

作者： SHIN Joong-ho 李琳 YANG Hyun-dai kwon Soon-man Department of Mechanical Design & manufacturing Changwon National University

The design solutions for breadth cam mechanism was presented. The main topics of the shape design for breadth cam was to calculate the coordinate at each contact point to determine the cam profile. The proposed method according to velocity and geometric relationships of instant velocity centers can easily determine each contact point at any instant moment. The cam profile was defined by contouring of the contact points. And also a program was developed by using Microsoft Visual C++ program,which can quickly and easily draw a 2D cam profile through the displacement diagram. Finally,the program was used to confirm the accuracy on the breadth cam profile design by computer animation graphically.

关键词： cam profile breadth cam reciprocating follower oscillating follower instant velocity center

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Synergetic analysis of springtime air pollution episodes over Gwangju,Korea

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第7期29卷 270-283页

作者： Sung-Kyun Shin kwon-Ho Lee Seung-Shik Park man Sing Wong Research Institute for Radiation-Satellite(RIRS) Gangneung-Wonju National University(GWNU)Gangneung 25457Republic of Korea Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences(DAES) Gangneung-Wonju National University(GWNU)Gangneung 25457Republic of Korea Department of Environment and Energy Engineering Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics The Hong Kong Polytech UniversityKowloonHong Kong

The characteristics of springtime aerosols,including their optical and microphysical properties,were analyzed for the months of March to May of 2009 in Gwangju（35.23°N,126.84°E）,Korea.A high Light Detection and Ranging（LIDAR）-derived aerosol depolarization ratio（δ） of 0.25 ± 0.04 was determined on dust particles during the observation ***？ngstr？m exponent values of the 440–870 nm wavelength pair（？_（440–870）） and single-scattering albedo at 675 nm（Ω_（675）） measured by a CIMEL sun/sky radiometer were 0.77 ± 0.19 and 0.95 ±0.01,*** elevated dust layers reached a maximum elevation of 4 km above sea ***/smoke particles that originated from highly populated/industrialized regions could be distinguished by their relatively smaller particle size（？_（440–870） ranged between1.33 and 1.36） and higher light-absorbing（Ω_（675） of 0.92 ± 0.01） *** aerosols are mostly distributed at altitudes 〈 1.2 *** root-mean-square deviation（RMSD） between the aerosol optical depth（AOD,τ） derived from LIDAR_（（τ_（LIDAR））） and from the CIMEL sun/sky radiometer_（（τ_（CIMEL））） varied with respect to the surface PM10 *** RMSD between τ_（LIDAR） and τ_（CIMEL） was as low as 13% under lower PM_（10） concentration levels（〈 100 μg/m^3）.In contrast,the RMSD between τ_（LIDAR） and τ_（CIMEL） increased three times（~31%） under high surface PM_（10） concentration levels（〉100 μg/m^3）.These results suggest that the accuracy of τ_（LIDAR） is influenced by specific atmospheric conditions,regardless of its uncertainty.

关键词： LIDAR Sun/sky radiometer MODIS Optical/microphysical properties Aerosol optical depth

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Preparation of AZ91D Slurries for Semi-Solid Forming Using Al8 ( Mn, Fe) 5 Precipitates

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Journal of Rare Earths 2004年第z2期22卷 42-46页

作者： Ji Young Byun Soon Il kwon Jeong man Doh Heon Phil Ha Metal Processing Research Center Division of MaterialsKorea Institute of Science and Technology# 39-1 Haweolgok-DongSungbuk-KuSeoul 136-791Republic of Korea

During the solidification of the AZ91D-alloys, the Al8(Mn, Fe)5 phase is generally precipitated in the melt in advance of the precipitation of the primary α-Mg. The basic principle for manufacturing AZ91D-alloy slurries for semi solid forming is to use the Al8(Mn, Fe)5 precipitates as the heterogeneous nucleation sites for primary α-Mg phases. Microscopic analysis for the location of the Al8(Mn, Fe)5 precipitate explains that the Al8(Mn, Fe)5 precipitate is the effective heterogeneous nucleation site for the primary α-Mg phase. It was also observed that increase of the Mn content in the melt and the cooling rate below to the solid/liquid two-phase region resulted in smaller and more globular primary α-Mg due to the increase of heterogeneous nucleation sites. It was found that the average α-Mg diameter grew as a function of t0.278, where t is the holding time at the solid/liquid two-phase region. This would be attributed to the Ostwald type ripening and coalescence between primary α-Mg phases. The cooling rate below to the solid/liquid two-phase region, Mn content in AZ91D alloy, and the holding time and temperature affected on the quality of slurry.

关键词： AZ91D alloy semi-solid forming solidification heterogeneous nucleation

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Effect of W/C ratio and cover thickness on polarization characteristics of embedded steel in mortar

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2009年第4期19卷 909-912页

作者： kyung-man MOON Sung-Yul LEE Myung-Hoon LEE Yun-Hae KIM Department of Mechanical and Material Engineering Korea Maritime University Department of Marine System Engineering Korea Maritime University

The effects of cover thickness and W/C(water-to-cement) ratio on polarization properties of embedded steel bar were investigated with electrochemical *** potentials shift to the noble direction with increasing the cover *** addition,when the cover thickness increasingly becomes thinner and thinner,effect of the W/C ratio on variation of corrosion potential increases as *** value at 100 kHz indicating the resistance of cover thickness increases with the decrement of W/C ratio as well as the increment of cover ***,in the case of W/C ratio at 0.6,impedance at 10 mHz shows the relatively larger value than that at W/C ratio of 0.4 or 0.5 in the range of cover thickness from 4 to 8 cm,which is probably expected that oxide film built up on the surface of steel bar due to strong alkali environment by hydration reaction with increasing W/C ratio is performed as the resistance *** is also observed that liquid junction potential tends to increase with decreasing W/C ratio.

关键词：保护层厚度嵌入式偏振特性钢筋砂浆覆盖厚度极化性能电化学方法

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Sandwich-structure transferable free-form OLEDs for wearable and disposable skin wound photomedicine

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 96-110页

作者： Yongmin Jeon Hye-Ryung Choi Jeong Hyun kwon Seungyeop Choi kyung Mi Nam Kyoung-Chan Park kyung Cheol Choi School of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea Department of Dermatology Seoul National University Bundang Hospital(SNUBH)Seongnam 13620Republic of Korea

Free-form optoelectronic devices can provide hyper-connectivity over space and ***,most conformable optoelectronic devices can only be fabricated on flat polymeric materials using low-temperature processes,limiting their application and *** paper presents free-form optoelectronic devices that are not dependent on the shape or *** medical applications,the transferable OLED(10μm)is formed in a sandwich structure with an ultra-thin transferable barrier(4.8μm).The results showed that the fabricated sandwich-structure transferable OLED(STOLED)exhibit the same high-efficiency performance on cylindricalshaped materials and on materials such as textile and *** the neutral axis is freely adjustable using the sandwich structure,the textile-based OLED achieved both folding reliability and washing reliability,as well as a long operating life(>150 h).When keratinocytes were irradiated with red STOLED light,cell proliferation and cell migration increased by 26 and 32%,*** the skin equivalent model,the epidermis thickness was increased by 39%;additionally,in organ culture,not only was the skin area increased by 14%,but also,reepithelialization was highly *** on the results,the STOLED is expected to be applicable in various wearable and disposable photomedical devices.

关键词： optoelectronic structure transfer

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