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A revisit of three studies related to random testing

Science China(Information Sciences) 2015年第5期58卷 49-57页

作者： CHEN Tsong Yueh kuo fei-ching TOWEY Dave ZHOU Zhi Quan Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Swinburne University of Technology School of Computer Science The University of Nottingham Ningbo China School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Wollongong

Software testing is an approach that ensures the quality of software through execution, with a goal being to reveal failures and other problems as quickly as possible. Test case selection is a fundamental issue in software testing, and has generated a large body of research, especially with regards to the effectiveness of random testing(RT), where test cases are randomly selected from the software’s input domain. In this paper, we revisit three of our previous studies. The first study investigated a sufficient condition for partition testing(PT)to outperform RT, and was motivated by various controversial and conflicting results suggesting that sometimes PT performed better than RT, and sometimes the opposite. The second study aimed at enhancing RT itself, and was motivated by the fact that RT continues to be a fundamental and popular testing technique. This second study enhanced RT fault detection effectiveness by making use of the common observation that failure-causing inputs tend to cluster together, and resulted in a new family of RT techniques: adaptive random testing(ART),which is random testing with an even spread of test cases across the input domain. Following the successful use of failure-causing region contiguity insights to develop ART, we conducted a third study on how to make use of other characteristics of failure-causing inputs to develop more effective test case selection strategies. This third study revealed how best to approach testing strategies when certain characteristics of the failure-causing inputs are known, and produced some interesting and important results. In revisiting these three previous studies, we explore their unexpected commonalities, and identify diversity as a key concept underlying their *** observation further prompted us to examine whether or not such a concept plays a role in other areas of software testing, and our conclusion is that, yes, diversity appears to be one of the most important concepts in the fie

关键词： adaptive random testing diversity metamorphic testing proportional sampling strategy random testing software testing

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失效区域紧致性对适应性随机测试的性能影响(英文)

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软件学报 2006年第12期17卷 2438-2449页

作者：陈宗岳郭斐菁孙昌爱 Faculty of Information and Communication Technologies Swinburne University of Technology

适应性随机测试是一种增强的随机测试方法.已有的研究发现失效区域的紧致程度是影响适应性随机测试性能的几个基本因素之一,并仅在失效区域为长方形的情形下验证了上述猜想.采用仿真实验的方法进一步研究失效区域的紧致程度与适应性随... 详细信息

适应性随机测试是一种增强的随机测试方法.已有的研究发现失效区域的紧致程度是影响适应性随机测试性能的几个基本因素之一,并仅在失效区域为长方形的情形下验证了上述猜想.采用仿真实验的方法进一步研究失效区域的紧致程度与适应性随机测试的性能之间的精确关系.研究了几种基本规则形状的和不规则形状的失效区域.实验结果表明适应性随机测试方法的性能随着失效区域的紧致程度的增强而提高.该研究进一步地揭示了适应性随机测试优于随机测试的基本条件.

关键词：软件测试随机测试适应性随机测试失效模式

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Crosstalk between degradation and bioenergetics: how autophagy and endolysosomal processes regulate energy production

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 671-681页

作者： Angelid Pabon Jagannatham Naidu Bhupana ching-On Wong Department of Biological Sciences Rutgers UniversityNewarkNJUSA

Cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to adapt to changes in nutrient availability, cellular activity, and transitions in cell states. The balance between glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration is crucial for energy production, and metabolic reprogramming stipulates a shift in such balance to optimize both bioenergetic efficiency and anabolic requirements. Failure in switching bioenergetic dependence can lead to maladaptation and pathogenesis. While cellular degradation is known to recycle precursor molecules for anabolism, its potential role in regulating energy production remains less explored. The bioenergetic switch between glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration involves transcription factors and organelle homeostasis, which are both regulated by the cellular degradation pathways. A growing body of studies has demonstrated that both stem cells and differentiated cells exhibit bioenergetic switch upon perturbations of autophagic activity or endolysosomal processes. Here, we highlighted the current understanding of the interplay between degradation processes, specifically autophagy and endolysosomes, transcription factors, endolysosomal signaling, and mitochondrial homeostasis in shaping cellular bioenergetics. This review aims to summarize the relationship between degradation processes and bioenergetics, providing a foundation for future research to unveil deeper mechanistic insights into bioenergetic regulation.

关键词： autophagy bioenergetics endolysosome energy production glycolysis metabolic reprogramming mitochondria

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Optimizing the key parameter to accelerate the recovery of AMOC under a rapid increase of greenhouse gas forcing

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2025年第1期18卷 39-45页

作者： Haolan Ren fei Zheng Tingwei Cao Qiang Wang International Center for Climate and Environment Science(ICCES) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina College of Oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjingChina CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences and Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)QingdaoChina

Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation(AMOC)plays a central role in long-term climate variations through its heat and freshwater transports,which can collapse under a rapid increase of greenhouse gas forcing in climate *** studies have suggested that the deviation of model parameters is one of the major factors in inducing inaccurate AMOC *** this work,with a low-resolution earth system model,the authors try to explore whether a reasonable adjustment of the key model parameter can help to re-establish the AMOC after its *** a new optimization strategy,the extra freshwater flux(FWF)parameter is determined to be the dominant one affecting the AMOC’s *** traditional ensemble optimal interpolation(EnOI)data assimilation and new machine learning methods are adopted to optimize the FWF parameter in an abrupt 4×CO_(2) forcing experiment to improve the adaptability of model parameters and accelerate the recovery of *** results show that,under an abrupt 4×CO_(2) forcing in millennial simulations,the AMOC will first collapse and then re-establish by the default FWF parameter ***,during the parameter adjustment process,the saltier and colder sea water over the North Atlantic region are the dominant factors in usefully improving the adaptability of the FWF parameter and accelerating the recovery of AMOC,according to their physical relationship with FWF on the interdecadal timescale.

关键词： Recovery of AMOC 4×CO_(2)forcing Key parameter Parameter estimation Data assimilation Machine learning

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Out of sight, out of mind: a distance-aware forgetting strategy for adaptive random testing

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2017年第9期60卷 78-98页

作者： Chengying MAO Tsong Yueh CHEN fei-ching kuo School of Software and Communication Engineering Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Swinburne University of Technology

Adaptive random testing(ART) achieves better failure-detection effectiveness than random testing by increasing the diversity of test cases. However, the intention of ensuring even spread of test cases inevitably causes an overhead problem. Although two basic forgetting strategies(i.e. random forgetting and consecutive retention) were proposed to reduce the computation cost of ART, they only considered the temporal distribution of test cases. In the paper, we presented a distance-aware forgetting strategy for the fixed size candidate set version of ART(DF-FSCS), in which the spatial distribution of test cases is taken into consideration. For a given candidate, the test cases out of its "sight" are ignored to reduce the distance computation cost. At the same time, the dynamic adjustment for partitioning and the second-round forgetting are adopted to ensure the linear complexity of DF-FSCS algorithm. Both simulation analysis and empirical study are employed to investigate the efficiency and effectiveness of DF-FSCS. The experimental results show that DF-FSCS significantly outperforms the classical ART algorithm FSCS-ART in efficiency, and has comparable failure-detection effectiveness. Compared with two basic forgetting methods, DF-FSCS is better in both efficiency and effectiveness. In contrast with a typical linear-time ART algorithm RBCVT-Fast, our algorithm requires less computational overhead and exhibits the similar failure-detection capability. In addition, DF-FSCS has more reliable performance than RBCVT-Fast in detecting failures for the programs with high-dimensional input domain.

关键词： adaptive random testing software testing test cases computational overhead diversity

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An efficient quantum proactive incremental learning algorithm

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 49-57页

作者： Lingxiao Li Jing Li Yanqi Song Sujuan Qin Qiaoyan Wen fei Gao State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Cyberspace Security Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

In scenarios where a large amount of data needs to be learned, incremental learning can make full use of old knowledge, significantly reduce the computational cost of the overall learning process, and maintain high performance. In this paper, taking the MaxCut problem as our example, we introduce the idea of incremental learning into quantum computing, and propose a Quantum Proactive Incremental Learning algorithm(QPIL). Instead of a one-off training of quantum circuit, QPIL contains a multi-phase training on gradually-increased subgraphs of all vertices, proactively reducing large-scale problems to smaller ones to solve in steps, providing an efficient solution for MaxCut. Specifically, some vertices and corresponding edges are randomly selected for training to obtain optimized parameters of the quantum circuit at first. Then, in each incremental phase, the remaining vertices and corresponding edges are gradually added and the parameters obtained from the previous phase are reused in the parameter initialization of the current phase. We perform experiments on 120 different small-scale graphs, and it shows that QPIL performs superior to prevalent quantum and classical baselines in terms of approximation ratio(AR), time cost, anti-forgetting, and solving stability. In particular, QPIL's AR surpasses 20% of mainstream quantum baselines, and the time cost is less than 1/5 of them. The idea of QPIL is expected to inspire efficient and high-quality solutions in large-scale Max Cut and other combinatorial optimization problems.

关键词： variational quantum algorithm incremental learning multi-phase training MaxCut quantum computing

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Multi-Stage Voltage Control Optimization Strategy for Distribution Networks Considering Active-Reactive Co-Regulation of Electric Vehicles

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Energy Engineering 2025年第1期122卷 221-242页

作者： Shukang Lyu fei Zeng Huachun Han HuiyuMiao Yi Pan Xiaodong Yuan Electric Power Research Institute State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co.Ltd.Nanjing211103China

The high proportion of uncertain distributed power sources and the access to large-scale random electric vehicle(EV)charging resources further aggravate the voltage fluctuation of the distribution network,and the existing research has not deeply explored the EV active-reactive synergistic regulating characteristics,and failed to realize themulti-timescale synergistic control with other regulatingmeans,For this reason,this paper proposes amultilevel linkage coordinated optimization strategy to reduce the voltage deviation of the distribution ***,a capacitor bank reactive power compensation voltage control model and a distributed photovoltaic(PV)activereactive power regulationmodel are ***,an external characteristicmodel of EVactive-reactive power regulation is developed considering the four-quadrant operational characteristics of the *** optimization model of the distribution network is then constructed considering the time-series coupling constraints of multiple types of voltage regulators.A multi-timescale control strategy is proposed by considering the impact of voltage regulators on active-reactive EV energy consumption and PV energy ***,a four-stage voltage control optimization strategy is proposed for various types of voltage regulators with multiple time ***-objective optimization is solved with the improvedDrosophila algorithmto realize the power fluctuation control of the distribution network and themulti-stage voltage control *** results validate that the proposed voltage control optimization strategy achieves the coordinated control of decentralized voltage control resources in the distribution *** effectively reduces the voltage deviation of the distribution network while ensuring the energy demand of EV users and enhancing the stability and economic efficiency of the distribution network.

关键词： Electric vehicle(EV) distribution network multi-stage optimization active-reactive power regulation voltage control

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Interaction of major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A with the blood-brain barrier

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2133-2152页

作者： Yilun Ma Taiwei Dong fei Luan Juanjuan Yang Feng Miao Peifeng Wei College of Pharmacy and First Clinical Medical College Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXianyangShaanxi ProvinceChina National Drug Clinical Trial Agency The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine/Xixian New District Central HospitalXi′anShaanxi ProvinceChina

The functional and structural integrity of the blood-brain barrier is crucial in maintaining homeostasis in the brain microenvironment;however,the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation and function of the blood-brain barrier remain poorly *** major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A has been identified as a key regulator of blood-brain barrier *** plays a critical role in promoting and maintaining the formation and functional stability of the blood-brain barrier,in addition to the transport of lipids,such as docosahexaenoic acid,across the blood-brain ***,an increasing number of studies have suggested that major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A is involved in the molecular mechanisms of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in a variety of neurological diseases;however,little is known regarding the mechanisms by which major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A affects the blood-brain *** paper provides a comprehensive and systematic review of the close relationship between major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A proteins and the blood-brain barrier,including their basic structures and functions,cross-linking between major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A and the blood-brain barrier,and the in-depth studies on lipid transport and the regulation of blood-brain barrier *** comprehensive systematic review contributes to an in-depth understanding of the important role of major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A proteins in maintaining the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier and the research progress to *** will not only help to elucidate the pathogenesis of neurological diseases,improve the accuracy of laboratory diagnosis,and optimize clinical treatment strategies,but it may also play an important role in prognostic *** addition,the effects of major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A on blood-brain barrier lea

关键词： blood-brain barrier(BBB) caveolin-1 central nervous system docosahexaenoic acid endothelial cells lysophosphatidylcholine major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A(MFSD2A) transcytosis

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Co-production of hydrogen, oxygen, and electricity via an integrated solar-driven system with decoupled water electrolyzer and Na-Zn ion battery

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 621-627页

作者： fei Lv Longjie Liu Jiazhe Wu Pengfei Wang Lixia Pan Dengwei Jing Yubin Chen International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University

Combining water electrolysis and rechargeable battery technologies into a single system holds great promise for the co-production of hydrogen （H2） and ***,the design and development of such systems is still in its ***,an integrated hydrogen-oxygen （O2）-electricity co-production system featuring a bipolar membrane-assisted decoupled electrolyzer and a Na-Zn ion battery was established with sodium nickelhexacyanoferrate （NaNiHCF） and Zn2+/Zn as dual redox *** decoupled electrolyzer enables to produce H2and O2in different time and space with almost 100%Faradaic efficiency at 100 mA ***,the charged NaNiHCF and Zn electrodes after the electrolysis processes formed a Na-Zn ion battery,which can generate electricity with an average cell voltage of 1.75 V at 10 m A *** connecting Si photovoltaics with the modular electrochemical device,a well-matched solar driven system was built to convert the intermittent solar energy into hydrogen and electric energy with a solar to hydrogen-electricity efficiency of 16.7%,demonstrating the flexible storage and conversion of renewables.

关键词： Hydrogen Electricity Decoupled water electrolyzer Na-Zn ion battery Solar energy

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Robust interface and excellent as-built mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V fabricated through laser-aided additive manufacturing with powder and wire

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 154-168页

作者： fei Weng Guijun Bi Youxiang Chew Shang Sui Chaolin Tan Zhenglin Du Jinlong Su Fern Lan Ng Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of EducationShandong Engineering&Technology Research Center for Superhard MaterialSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan 250061China Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510095China Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology 5 Cleantech Loop636732Singapore

The feasibility of manufacturing Ti-6Al-4V samples through a combination of laser-aided additive manufacturing with powder(LAAM_(p))and wire(LAAM_(w))was explored.A process study was first conducted to successfully circumvent defects in Ti-6Al-4V deposits for LAAM_(p) and LAAM_(w),*** the optimized process parameters,robust interfaces were achieved between powder/wire deposits and the forged substrate,as well as between powder and wire *** characterization results revealed the epitaxial prior β grains in the deposited Ti-6Al-4V,wherein the powder deposit was dominated by a finerα′microstructure and the wire deposit was characterized by lamellar α *** mechanisms of microstructure formation and correlation with mechanical behavior were analyzed and *** mechanical properties of the interfacial samples can meet the requirements of the relevant Aerospace Material Specifications(AMS 6932)even without post heat *** fracture occurred within the interfacial area,further suggesting the robust *** findings of this study highlighted the feasibility of combining LAAM_(p) and LAAM_(w) in the direct manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V parts in accordance with the required dimensional resolution and deposition rate,together with sound strength and ductility balance in the as-built condition.

关键词： laser-aided additive manufacturing powder deposition wire deposition interfacial characteristic mechanical behavior

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