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Space-to-space Radio Interferometry System from Medium Earth Orbits

空间科学学报 2019年第4期39卷 544-562页

作者： MARTIN-NEIRA M kudriashov v BARAT I DUESMANN B DAGANZO E European Space Research and Technology Centre European Space Agency

This paper presents a new concept to perform space-to-space very Long Baseline Interferometry which enables the imaging of cosmic sources at high-resolution and high-sensitivity with small *** individual apertures are embarked on separate identical satellites staggered in height into Polar or Equatorial Circular Medium Earth Orbits(PECMEO orbits).These orbits are stable and allow GNSS-based on-the-fly centimeter-level relative *** operation is possible by exchanging local oscillator components and measured signals through Inter-Satellite Links(ISL).On-board cross correlation is performed at each satellite over a delay window compatible with the accuracy of the on-the-fly relative positioning and the result sent to the *** reconstruction is completed on the ground thanks to sub-millimeter baseline retrieval from accurate GNSS orbits,ISL ranging and spacecraft attitude *** application of this concept to image the Super Massive Black Hole Sgr A*is hinted.

关键词： Space-to-space interferometry Event horizon Space radio-astronomy

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An Event Horizon Imager(EHI) Mission Concept Utilizing Medium Earth Orbit Sub-mm Interferometry

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空间科学学报 2021年第2期41卷 211-233页

作者： kudriashov v MARTIN-NEIRA M ROELOFS F FALCKE H BRINKERINK C BARYSHEv A HOGERHEIJDE M YOUNG A POURSHAGHAGHI H KLEIN-WOLT M MOSCIBRODZKA M DAvELAAR J BARAT I DUESMANN B vALENTA v PERDIGUES ARMENGOL J M DE WILDE D MARTIN IGLESIAS P ALAGHA N vAN DER vORST M Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP Radboud University NijmegenP.O.Box 90106500 GL Nijmegenthe Netherlands ESTEC/ESA Keplerlaan 12201 A2 Noordurigkthe Netherlands Mar Planck Institute for Radio Astrorny Auf dem Higel 69D-53121 Bon(Endenich)Germany University of Groningen Landleven 129747 AD Groningenthe Netherlands Leiden Observatory Leiden UniversityPO Box 95132300 RALeidenthe Netherlands Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy University of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamthe Netherlands Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute162 Fifth AvenueNew YorkNY 10010USA

Submillimeter interferometry has the potential to image supermassive black holes on event horizon scales,providing tests of the theory of general relativity and increasing our understanding of black hole accretion *** Event Horizon Telescope(EHT) performs these observations from the ground,and its main imaging targets are Sagittarius A~* in the Galactic Center and the black hole at the center of the M87 ***,the EHT is fundamentally limited in its performance by atmospheric effects and sparse terrestrial(u,v)-coverage(Fourier sampling of the image).The scientific interest in quantitative studies of the horizon size and shape of these black holes has motivated studies into using space interferometry which is free of these *** resolution considerations and interstellar scattering effects push the desired observing frequency to bands above 500 *** paper presents the requirements for meeting these science goals,describes the concept of interferometry from Polar or Equatorial Medium Earth Orbits(PECMEO) which we dub the Event Horizon Imager(EHI),and utilizes suitable space technology *** this concept,two or three satellites orbit at slightly different orbital radii,resulting in a dense and uniform spiral-shaped(u,v)-coverage over *** local oscillator signals are shared via an inter-satellite link,and the data streams are correlated on-board before final processing on the ***-satellite metrology and satellite positioning are extensively employed to facilitate the knowledge of the instrument position vector,and its time *** European space heritage usable for both the front ends and the antenna technology of such an instrument is *** and future sensors for the required inter-satellite metrology are *** performance estimates and simulation results are given.

关键词： Instrumentation Space vLBI Radio Telescopes

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