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中国药理学会第十一次全国学术会议

作者： ESK NG JHK YEUNG YW KWAN CBS LAU JCM KOON PC LEUNG kp fung FFY LAM School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Institute of Chinese Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China The Chinese University of Hong Kong

OBJECTIVE Danshen and Gegen are traditional Chinese medicines commonly used for the treatment of cardiovascular *** this study,we have identified the major constituents of a Danshen and Gegen formulation(DG;ratio 7:3) and investigated their actions on rat-isolated cerebral basilar *** Rat basilar artery rings were precontracted with 100 nmol·L *** of endothelium-dependent mechanisms was investigated by mechanical removal of the *** cyclase, guanylyl cyclase,and potassium channel involvement were examined by pretreatment of the artery rings with their respective inhibitors. Calcium channel involvement was tested in artery rings incubated with Ca-free buffer and primed with U46619 prior to adding CaCl to elicit *** constituents of a DG water extract were identified by *** Salvianolic acid B, danshensu,puerarin,daidzein and daidzin were identified in the DG water *** these agents produced concentration-dependent relaxation of the artery rings that were unaffected by adenylyl cyclase inhibitor,guanylyl cyclase inhibitor,or by endothelium removal, except the latter reduced the maximum response to puerarin by 28%.Moreover,puerarin had no influence on CaCl-induced vasocon-striction but all the other agents produced concentration-dependent *** with a combination of K channel inhibitors produced significant inhibition on the vasodilator actions to all these agents,but not on *** The vasorelaxant actions of salvianolic acid B,daidzein and daidzin involved opening of K channels and inhibition of Ca influx in the vascular smooth muscle *** produced vasorelaxation solely by inhibition of Ca influx in the vascular smooth muscle *** contrast, puerarin produced vasodilatation via an endothelium-dependent mechanism and an endothelium-independent pathway mediated by the opening of K *** spite of differences in their mechanisms of actions,the co

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扩髓对髓内压和肺部脂肪栓塞的影响

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中华骨科杂志 1999年第8期19卷 494-497,I002页

作者：张毅敏梁国穗冯国培陈振宇香港中文大学矫形外科及创伤学系香港中文大学生物化学系

目的扩髓是髓内钉内固定手术的常用步骤, 由于可能引起肺部脂肪栓塞综合征而受到争议。尽管已知扩髓可使髓内压升高, 但髓内压升高和肺部脂肪栓塞之间的关系以及肺部脂肪栓子的来源仍不清楚。作者用山羊制作动物模型,研究扩髓对髓内压... 详细信息

目的扩髓是髓内钉内固定手术的常用步骤, 由于可能引起肺部脂肪栓塞综合征而受到争议。尽管已知扩髓可使髓内压升高, 但髓内压升高和肺部脂肪栓塞之间的关系以及肺部脂肪栓子的来源仍不清楚。作者用山羊制作动物模型,研究扩髓对髓内压和肺部脂肪栓塞的影响。方法在实验组进行扩髓手术,而对照组只进行软组织切开术,然后测量髓内压及用薄层层析和气相色谱检测法分析骨髓和肺部组织的脂肪成分。结果在第一次扩髓时,髓内压升高最明显(532 m mHg)。对照组的肺组织没有脂肪栓塞,但全部实验组均有脂肪栓塞,而且栓塞的程度与髓内压的累积量成正比(r= 0-87,P=0-005)。骨髓脂肪的主要成分是甘油三酯,其含量最高的脂肪酸是油酸(18∶1,n- 9) 。在肺部脂肪检测中,实验组的甘油三酯明显升高(对照组0-10 mg/g,实验组0-45 mg/g,P=0-036),其中包括硬脂酸(18∶0)(对照组0-03 mg/g,实验组0-13 mg/g,P= 0-021)和油酸(18∶1,n- 9)( 对照组0-03 mg/g,实验组0-18 mg/g,P= 0-020)。结论本研究显示:肺部的脂肪栓子来源于骨髓脂肪,而且过度急速的扩髓可使髓内压升高,从而引起严重的肺部脂肪栓塞。

关键词：髓内钉固定术扩髓脂肪栓塞髓内压

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An overview of the contribution of acupuncture to thyroid disorders

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第6期16卷 375-383页

作者： fung-Kei Cheng Hong Kong China

Thyroid dysfunction, affecting people of all ages, not only damages human growth and energy metabo- lism but is also comorbid with other illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and gastroin- testinal disorders. With the increasing acceptance of alternative and complementary therapies, acupuncture, a traditional Chinese medical practice, has also been employed to address this problem. Analysing 29 clinical projects that were retrieved from 29 major digital databases and include 1757 patients aged 7-79 years from China, Italy, Korea, Macedonia and Russia, this narrative review offers an overview of the efficacy, and evaluated the safe and cost-effective use of acupuncture against hyper- thyroidism, hypothyroidism and thyroid-relevant illnesses. Findings indicated reductions in patient symptoms and improvements in biomarkers where acupuncture was used alone or in combination ther- apy. In addition to showing the role of acupuncture as an alternative and complementary medicine or as an adjunctive therapy for curative and rehabilitative purposes, more well-designed researches are needed to achieve reliable data.

关键词： Acupuncture Alternative and complementary medicine Endocrine system Integrative medicine Traditional Chinese medicine Thyroidism

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Limitations of current liver transplant immunosuppressive regimens: renal considerations

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第1期16卷 27-32页

作者： Wei Zhang John fung Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Division of Transplant Surgery University of Chicago

BACKGROUND： The use of calcineurin inhibitor （CNI）-based immunosuppressive regimens following liver transplantation （LTx） has improved the outcomes of the recipients. However, CNI has nephrotoxicity and causes shortand long-term renal complications. The progressive structural changes can be irreversible in the long-term, leading to chronic kidney dysfunction. The present review was to evaluate the different strategies of CNI application to renal function in liver recipients. DATA SOURCES： PubMed database was searched for relevant articles in English on the issue of immunosuppressive regimen and kidney injury that related to early minimization of CNI after LTx. RESULTS： Total avoidance of CNI from post-LTx immunosuppressive regimens has been associated with unacceptable high rates of acute, steroid resistant rejections; late conversion from CNI to non-nephrotoxic immunosuppressant failed to recover renal function. Early CNI minimization and conversion to non-nephrotoxic immunosuppressant, although had no effect on patient survival rates, improved glomerular filtration rate. The combination of everolimus （a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor） and tacrolimus not only maintains immunosuppressive efficacy but also minimizes kidney injury. CONCLUSIONS： Up to now, protocols entirely avoiding CNI have not passed the primary safety endpoint of patient and graft survival, as well as the FDA mandated endpoint of biopsy proven acute rejection. Thus, early CNI minimization after LTx is the most rational approach preserving post-transplant renal function.

关键词： liver transplantation immunosuppression chronic kidney disease

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Management of chronic hepatitis B in severe liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第43期20卷 16053-16061页

作者： James fung Ching-Lung Lai Man-fung Yuen Department of Medicine The University of Hong KongQueen Mary Hospital

In the past few decades,chronic hepatitis B(CHB)has evolved from a disease that was untreatable and progressive,to one that can be easily controlled with antiviral ***,patients with severe liver disease still remain difficult to treat despite the availability of highly potent nucleos(t)ide *** include those with underlying cirrhosis,severe flares of CHB,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and for those undergoing liver *** those with established cirrhosis,antiviral therapy should be considered for all,as unpredictable flares can still occur,which can be fatal for those with advanced chronic liver ***,even with effective viral suppression,the development of HCC can still *** patients with severe flares of CHB,although the use of antiviral can improve long term outcomes,a significant proportion may still die without liver *** short term prognosis of these patients is dependent on both the severity of flare and underlying pre-existing liver *** patients with decompensated cirrhosis,liver failure secondary to severe flares,or those with HCC,liver transplantation may be *** liver transplantation,long term antiviral therapy is required to prevent graft loss from recurrent hepatitis B *** use of hepatitis B immune globulin(HBIG)in combination with an oral antiviral agent has been the mainstay of post-transplant antiviral regimen for over *** newer and more potent antiviral agents such as tenofovir and entecavir,use of these agents along with HBIG have demonstrated to be effective in preventing significant recurrence in the long term.

关键词： Antiviral therapy Cirrhosis Liver failure Liver transplantation Hepatocellular carcinoma

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Impacts of pollution heterogeneity on population exposure in dense urban areas using ultra-fine resolution air quality data

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 513-523页

作者： Wenwei Che Yumiao Zhang Changqing Lin Yik Him fung Jimmy C.H.fung Alexis KHLau Division of Environment and Sustainability The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongChina Department of Mathematics The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongChina Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongChina Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongChina

Traditional air quality data have a spatial resolution of 1 km or above, making it challenging to resolve detailed air pollution exposure in complex urban areas. Combining urban morphology, dynamic traffic emission, regional and local meteorology, physicochemical transformations in air quality models using big data fusion technology, an ultra-fine resolution modeling system was developed to provide air quality data down to street level. Based on one-year ultra-fine resolution data, this study investigated the effects of pollution heterogeneity on the individual and population exposure to particulate matter(PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)),nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2)), and ozone(O_(3)) in Hong Kong, one of the most densely populated and urbanized cities. Sharp fine-scale variabilities in air pollution were revealed within individual city blocks. Using traditional 1 km average to represent individual exposure resulted in a positively skewed deviation of up to 200% for high-end exposure individuals. Citizens were disproportionally affected by air pollution, with annual pollutant concentrations varied by factors of 2 to 5 among 452 District Council Constituency Areas(DCCAs) in Hong Kong, indicating great environmental inequities among the population. Unfavorable city planning resulted in a positive spatial coincidence between pollution and population, which increased public exposure to air pollutants by as large as 46% among districts in Hong Kong. Our results highlight the importance of ultra-fine pollutant data in quantifying the heterogeneity in pollution exposure in the dense urban area and the critical role of smart urban planning in reducing exposure inequities.

关键词： Particulate matter Nitrogen dioxide Ozone Pollution heterogeneity Urban area

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Climate change, social unrest and dynastic transition in ancient China

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Science Bulletin 2005年第2期50卷 137-144页

作者： JIM Chiyung,LEE fung Department of Geography University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Department of Geography University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

The evident connection between human evolu- tion and climatic changes has been concurred by scientists. Although many people are trying to forecast the impacts of climatic changes on our future society, there are not any studies to quantitatively scrutinize the interrelation between climatic changes and social developments by using historical data. In line with this knowledge gap, this study adopted a scientific approach to compare the paleoclimatic records with the historical data of wars, social unrests, and dynastic transitions in China spanned from the late Tang to Qing Dy- nasties. Results showed that war frequency in cold phases was much higher than that in mild phases. Besides, 70%— 80% of war peaks and most of the dynastic transitions and nationwide social unrests in China took place in cold phases. This phenomenon could be attributed to the diminishing thermal energy input in cold phases resulting in the fall of land-productivity and hence, the deficiency of livelihood re- sources across society. Accompanied with certain social cir- cumstances, this kind of ecological stress was transformed into wars and social unrests, followed by dynastic transitions in most of the cases. By closer examination, it was even found that war frequency was negatively correlated with tempera- ture anomaly series. As land carrying capacities vary from one climatic zone to another, the magnitude of war-tempera- ture association also differed among different geographic regions. It is suggested that climatic change was one of the most important factors in determining the dynastic cycle and alternation of war and peace in ancient China.

关键词： climatic change war social unrest dynastic cycle temperature anomaly.

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Clinical application of liver stiffness measurement using transient elastography in chronic liver disease from longitudinal perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第12期19卷 1890-1900页

作者： Beom Kyung Kim James fung Man-fung Yuen Seung Up Kim Department of Internal Medicine Institute of Gastroenterology Yonsei University College of Medicine Liver Cirrhosis Clinical Research Center Department of Medicine State Key Laboratory for Liver Research the University of Hong Kong

Accurate determination of the presence and degree of fibrosis in liver is of great importance, because the prognosis and management strategies for chronic liver disease depend mainly on these factors. To date, liver biopsy (LB) remains the "gold standard" for assessing the severity of liver fibrosis; however, LB is often limited by its invasiveness, sampling error, and intra/ inter-observer variability in histological interpretation. Furthermore, repeated LB examinations within a short time interval are indeed ineligible in a real clinical practice. Thus, due to the pressing need for non-invasive surrogates for liver fibrosis, transient elastography (TE),as a novel ultrasound based technology, has allowed a noninvasive measurement of liver stiffness and has gained in popularity over recent years. In the past few years, additional roles for transient TE beyond the initial purpose of a non-invasive surrogate for LB have included the prediction of the most two critical consequences of fibrosis progression: the development of portal hypertension-related complications and hepatocellular carcinoma. This indicates that the role of transient TE is not merely limited to reducing the need for LB, but transient TE can enable the establishment of tailored management strategies by providing more detailed prognostic information. In particular, under the concept in which the clinical course of liver fibrosis is dynamic and bidirectional, especially when appropriate intervention is commenced, transient TE can be used to track the dynamic changes in fibrotic burden during antiviral or antifibrotic treatment. This review discussed extended applications of transient TE in prediction of the development of real clinical endpoints from a longitudinal perspective.

关键词： Liver stiffness Transient elastography Fibroscan Fibrosis Longitudinal Outcome

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Unmasking the mask:the role of personal protective equipment for ophthalmologists caring for asymptomatic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第12期13卷 1841-1843页

作者： Adrian T.fung Westmead and Central Clinical Schools Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye HealthUniversity of SydneySydney 2145NSWAustralia Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydney 2109NSWAustralia

The use of personal protective equipment(PPE)for ophthalmologists caring for asymptomatic patients remains *** commentary reviews the latest emerging *** is paramountly important in shaping health policies in countrie... 详细信息

关键词： COVID-19 personal protective equipment mask

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Position-aware packet loss optimization on service function chain placement

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第4期10卷 1057-1067页

作者： Wenjie Liang Chengxiang Li Lin Cui fung Po Tso Department of Computer Science Jinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China Department of Computer Science Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughLE113TUUK

The advent of Network Function Virtualization(NFV)and Service Function Chains(SFCs)unleashes the power of dynamic creation of network services using Virtual Network Functions(VNFs).This is of great interest to network operators since poor service quality and resource wastage can potentially hurt their revenue in the long ***,the study shows with a set of test-bed experiments that packet loss at certain positions(i.e.,different VNFs)in an SFC can cause various degrees of resource wastage and performance degradation because of repeated upstream processing and transmission of retransmitted *** overcome this challenge,this study focuses on resource scheduling and deployment of SFCs while considering packet loss *** study developed a novel SFC packet dropping cost model and formulated an SFC scheduling problem that aims to minimize overall packet dropping cost as a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming(MILP)and proved that it is *** this study,Palos is proposed as an efficient scheme in exploiting the functional characteristics of VNFs and their positions in SFCs for scheduling resources and deployment to optimize packet dropping *** experiment results show that Palos can achieve up to 42.73%improvement on packet dropping cost and up to 33.03%reduction on average SFC latency when compared with two other state-of-the-art schemes.

关键词： Network function virtualization Resource scheduling SFC deployment Packet loss

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