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Large Deformation Analysis and Synthesis of Elastic Closed-loop Mechanism Made of a Certain Spring Wire Described by Free Curves

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2015年第4期28卷 756-762页

作者： IWATSUKI Nobuyuki kosaki takashi Department of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering Graduate School of Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology

Recently novel mechanisms with compact size and without many mechanical elements such as bearing are strongly required for medical devices such as surgical operation devices. This paper describes analysis and synthesis of elastic link mechanisms of a single spring beam which can be manufactured by NC coiling machines. These mechanisms are expected as disposable micro forceps. Smooth Curvature Model（SCM） with 3rd order Legendre polynomial curvature functions is applied to calculate large deformation of a curved cantilever beam by taking account of the balance between external and internal elastic forces and moments. SCM is then extended to analyze large deformation of a closed-loop curved elastic beam which is composed of multiple free curved beams. A closed-loop elastic link is divided into two free curved cantilever beams each of which is assumed as serially connected free curved cantilever beams described with SCM. The sets of coefficients of Legendre polynomials of SCM in all free curved cantilever beams are determined by taking account of the force and moment balance at connecting point where external input force is applied. The sets of coefficients of Legendre polynomials of a nonleaded closed-loop elastic link are optimized to design a link mechanism which can generate specified output motion due to input force applied at the assumed dividing point. For example, two planar micro grippers with a single pulling input force are analyzed and designed. The elastic deformation analyzed with proposed method agrees very well with that calculated with FEM. The designed micro gripper can generate the desired pinching motion. The proposed method can contribute to design compact and simple elastic mechanisms without high calculation costs.

关键词： elastic link mechanism,closed-loop,spring beam,large deformation analysis,smooth curvature model,force balance equation,synthesi

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A comparison of lignin-degrading enzyme activities in forest floor layers across a global climatic gradient

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Soil Ecology Letters 2020年第4期2卷 281-294页

作者： Kazumichi Fujii Yuji Nakada Kiwamu Umezawa Makoto Yoshida Makoto Shibata Chie Hayakawa Yoshiyuki Inagaki takashi kosaki Ryan Hangs Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukuba 305-8687Japan Institute of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyTokyo 183-8509Japan Faculty of Agriculture Kindai UniversityNara 631-8505Japan Niigata Agro-Food University Niigata 959-2702Japan Faculty of Agriculture Utsunomiya UniversityUtsunomiya 321-8505Japan Faculty of International Communication Aichi UniversityNagoya 453-8777Japan Department of Soil Science Saskatchewan UniversitySaskatchewan S7N 5A8Canada

Rapid litter turnover in tropical forests and during summer seasons might be due to increases in ligninolytic enzyme activities during warmer periods.We compared ligninolytic enzyme activity[lignin peroxidase(LiP),manganese peroxidase(MnP),and laccase(Lac)]in the organic layers of forest soils across a global climate gradient.As expected,MnP activities in fresh litter layers increased with increasing air temperature.Litter Mn/lignin ratios correlate positively with MnP activity and more rapid litter turnover in warmer climates.In contrast,LiP and Lac activities are regulated by site-specific conditions.Lac activity is commonly observed in less acidic fresh litter layers,while LiP activity localizes in acidified and lignin-rich deeper organic layers.The widespread occurrence of MnP and an increase in MnP activities in warmer climates support efficient lignin degradation in the tropics and during summer seasons.High Mn/lignin ratios in fresh litter could be an indicator of lignin degradability by MnPproducing fungi across global climate gradients.

关键词： Acidification Ligninolysis Litter decomposition Manganese White-rot fungi

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