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An Introduction to Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere Coupling Small Satellite Constellation

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空间科学学报 2015年第6期35卷 653-663页

作者： LIU Yong WANG Chi XU Jiyao LI Xiaoyu CAI Jinrong kong linggao HUANG Jia KLECKER Berndt LEI Jiuhou ZONG Qiugang OCTAV Marghitu State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment Department of Geophysics and Planetary SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of China Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking University National Institute for Lasers Plasma and Radiation Physics Institute for Space Sciences

A future Chinese mission is introduced to study the coupling between magnetosphere,ionosphere and thermosphere,*** Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere Coupling Small Satellite Constellation(MIT).The scientific objective of the mission is to focus on the outflow ions from the ionosphere to the *** constellation is planning to be composed of four small satellites;each small satellite has its own orbit and crosses the polar region at nearly the same time but at different *** payloads onboard include particle detectors,electromagnetic payloads,auroral imagers and neutral atom *** these payloads,the mission will be able to investigate acceleration mechanism of the upflow ions at different *** the orbits have been determined and prototypes of some have also been *** for next phase selection is scheduled in late 2015.

关键词： Coupling Magnetosphere Ionosphere Thermosphere Sma

Proton pitch angle distributions in the Martian induced magnetosphere: A survey of Tianwen-1 Mars Ion and Neutral Particle Analyzer observations

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2023年第5期7卷 533-539页

作者： TaiFeng Jin BinBin Ni linggao kong AiBing Zhang Lei Li Song Fu Xing Cao WenYa Li BinBin Tang LiangHai Xie YiTeng Zhang ShuYue Pang XiaoTong Yun HengLe Du FuHao Qiao LiMin Wang JiJie Ma Department of Space Physics School of Electronic InformationWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology Hefei 230026China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration Beijing 100190China Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The pitch angle distributions of ions and electrons can be affected by various processes;thus,they can serve as an important indicator of the physical mechanisms driving the dynamics of space *** observations from the Mars Ion and Neutral Particle Analyzer onboard the Tianwen-1 orbiter,we calculated the pitch angle distributions of protons in the Martian induced magnetosphere by using information from the magnetohydrodynamically simulated magnetic field,and we statistically analyzed the spatial occurrence pattern of different types of pitch angle *** though no symmetrical features were seen in the dataset,we found the dominance of the field-aligned distribution type over the energy range from 188 to 6232 *** of the occurrence rate showed the preferential presence of a trapped-like distribution at the lower altitudes of the surveyed nightside *** our results are more or less restricted by the adopted magnetic field,they indicate the complexity of the near-Mars proton pitch angle distributions and infer the possibility of wave–particle interactions in the Martian induced magnetosphere.

关键词： Martian plasma environment ion pitch angle distribution Tianwen-1 Mars Ion and Neutral Particle Analyzer(MINPA)

The solar wind plasma upstream of Mars observed by Tianwen-1:Comparison with Mars Express and MAVEN

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第4期65卷 759-768页

作者： Kai FAN Limei YAN Yong WEI Aibing ZHANG linggao kong Markus FRÄNZ Fei HE Lihui CHAI Chongjing YUAN Yuqi WANG Jun ZHONG Zhaojin RONG Zhonghua YAO Yongxin PAN Jun CUI Jiansen HE Wenya LI Binbin TANG Chi WANG Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration Beijing 100190China Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Max-Planck-Institute for Solar System Research Goettingen 37077Germany State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

On the great journey to Mars,China’s first planetary exploration mission,the Tianwen-1 came within 26 million kilometers of Mars from 31 October 2020 to 25 January 2021 and was getting closer to its destination,the red planet,in search of answers to the cataclysmic climate change that occurred in Martian *** the escape of the Martian atmosphere and the loss of surface water were firmly influenced by solar ***-1 provided a unique chance to depict the solar wind streams between Earth and Mars during the minimum of Solar Cycle *** the three-month cruise phase of Tianwen-1,the solar wind flows were successively observed at Earth,Tianwen-1,and *** the field of view correction and noise reduction,the solar wind velocity and density measured by Tianwen-1 show good agreement with those at Earth and *** results indicate that the performance of the ion analyzer onboard the Tianwen-1 orbiter is reliable and *** is worth looking forward to the joint observations of ion escape with other Mars probes in the following Martian years.

关键词： Tianwen-1 Mars Plasma moment Solar wind

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Mars Ion and Neutral Particle Analyzer (MINPA) for Chinese Mars Exploration Mission (Tianwen-1): Design and ground calibration

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2020年第4期4卷 333-344页

作者： linggao kong AiBing Zhang Zhen Tian XiangZhi Zheng WenJing Wang Bin Liu Peter Wurz Daniele Piazza Adrian Etter Bin Su YaYa An JianJing Ding WenYa Li Yong Liu Lei Li YiRen Li Xu Tan YueQiang Sun National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration Beijing 100190China Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Physics Institute University of BernBern 3012Switzerland State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Beijing 100190China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100012China

The main objective of the Mars Ion and Neutral Particle Analyzer(MINPA)aboard the Chinese Mars Exploration Mission(Tianwen-1)is to study the solar wind-Mars interaction by measuring the ions and energetic neutral atoms(ENAs)near *** MINPA integrates ion and ENA measurements into one sensor head,sharing the same electronics *** MINPA utilizes a standard toroidal top-hat electrostatic analyzer(ESA)followed by a time of flight(TOF)unit to provide measurement of ions with energies from 2.8 eV to 25.9 keV and ENAs from 50 eV to 3 keV with a base time resolution of 4 *** polished silicon single crystal substrates with an Al2O3 film coating are used to ionize the ENAs into positive *** ions can then be analyzed by the ESA and TOF,to determine the energy and masses of the *** MINPA provides a 360°×90°field of view(FOV)with 22.5°×5.4°angular resolution for ion measurement,and a 360°×9.7°FOV with 22.5°×9.7°angular resolution for ENA *** TOF unit combines a-15 kV acceleration high voltage with ultra-thin carbon foils to resolve H+,He2+,He+,O+,O2+and CO2+for ion measurement and to resolve H and O(≥16 amu group)for ENA *** we present the design principle and describe our ground calibration of the MINPA.

关键词： Mars ion energetic neutral atom electrostatic analyzer time of flight

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一种外日球层拾起离子探测器的设计与仿真

北京航空航天大学学报 2023年第2期49卷 367-377页

作者：高天丰孔令高苏斌张爱兵中国科学院国家空间科学中心北京100190 中国科学院大学北京100049

针对外日球层低速、低密度、低温的拾起离子(PUIs)的高分辨探测需求,以带顶盖超环面静电分析器、阻滞势分析器和线性场飞行时间系统为基础设计了一种新型高分辨拾起离子探测器。经过有限元仿真分析,探测器可实现离子(氢)的速度范围15.7~... 详细信息

针对外日球层低速、低密度、低温的拾起离子(PUIs)的高分辨探测需求,以带顶盖超环面静电分析器、阻滞势分析器和线性场飞行时间系统为基础设计了一种新型高分辨拾起离子探测器。经过有限元仿真分析,探测器可实现离子(氢)的速度范围15.7~1072.2 km/s,密度范围0.0001~100 cm^(-3),温度高于474.9 K的探测,同时可实现典型拾起离子(氢、氦、碳、氮、氧、氖)的成分分辨,质谱分辨率(M/ΔM)大于40。

关键词：外日球层拾起离子静电分析器线性场飞行时间系统数值仿真

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FY-2C卫星太阳X射线探测器性能定标

空间科学学报 2006年第5期26卷 370-376页

作者：孔令高王世金林华安韦飞中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心

通过具体的实验对FY-2C太阳X射线探测器进行了详细的定标．太阳X射线探测器的传感器采用充Ar气的正比计数器．主要探测能量大于4 keV的太阳X射线流量．在坪特性、效率、正比性、能道划分、能量分辨率和时间分辨率等6个方面详细介绍了定... 详细信息

通过具体的实验对FY-2C太阳X射线探测器进行了详细的定标．太阳X射线探测器的传感器采用充Ar气的正比计数器．主要探测能量大于4 keV的太阳X射线流量．在坪特性、效率、正比性、能道划分、能量分辨率和时间分辨率等6个方面详细介绍了定标的方法及结果．定标结果表明, FY-2C卫星的太阳X射线探测器在各个方面都具有很好的性能．最后对FY-2C的在轨探测数据与GOES卫星进行了比较．GOES卫星的太阳X射线传感器采用电离室．FY-2C的探测结果与GOES的探测结果非常吻合．结果表明, FY-2C太阳X射线探测器可以很好地监测太阳X射线的流量变化,为空间环境监测提供有效的服务．

关键词：定标太阳X射线探测器

Tianwen-1 MINPA observations in the solar wind

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2022年第1期6卷 1-9页

作者： AiBing Zhang linggao kong WenYa Li Lei Li BinBin Tang ZhaoJin Rong Yong Wei JiJie Ma YiTeng Zhang LiangHai Xie YuXian Wang JianSen He Bin Liu WenJing Wang Bin Su JiaWei Li Xu Tan Fang Wang TaiFeng Jin FuHao Qiao Peter Wurz Yan Zhu YunFei Bai YiRen Li XinBo Zhu YueQiang Sun YongLiao Zou Chi Wang National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration Beijing 100190China Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Environment Situational Awareness Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Lunar Exploration and Space Engineering Center Beijing 100190China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100012China Physics Institute University of BernBern 3012Switzerland University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology Shanghai 201109China

The Mars Ion and Neutral Particle Analyzer(MINPA)is one of the three scientific instruments onboard the Tianwen-1 orbiter to investigate the Martian space *** Tianwen-1’s transfer orbit to Mars,the MINPA was switched on to measure the solar wind ***,we present the first results of the MINPA observations in the solar *** cruise,nearly half of the MINPA ion field-of-view(FOV)was blocked by the lander capsule;thus only the solar-wind ions with azimuthal speeds pointing towards the unblocked FOV sectors could be *** perform a detailed comparison of the MINPA’s solar wind observations with data from Earth-based missions when MINPA reached its count-rate peak,finding a general consistency of the ion moments between *** blocking effect due to the lander is evaluated quantitatively under varying solar-wind velocity *** the blocking effect,the MINPA’s solar wind measurements during the transfer orbit suggest a good performance.

关键词： MINPA Tianwen-1 solar wind capsule blocking effect

基于SIMION软件的空间等离子体探测器的数值仿真

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中国空间科学技术 2012年第4期32卷 71-76页

作者：孔令高张爱兵王世金孙越强郑香脂董永进中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心北京100190 中国科学院研究生院北京100049

空间等离子体探测器采用带偏转板的柱形静电分析器作为传感器,具有大于320°探测视场,可探测约10eV～30keV的热等离子体。利用SIMION软件采用均匀随机抽样建立粒子源的方法仿真探测器的基本特性参数:静电分析器因子、能量分辨率、偏转... 详细信息

空间等离子体探测器采用带偏转板的柱形静电分析器作为传感器,具有大于320°探测视场,可探测约10eV～30keV的热等离子体。利用SIMION软件采用均匀随机抽样建立粒子源的方法仿真探测器的基本特性参数:静电分析器因子、能量分辨率、偏转板因子和偏转角。仿真结果与实测结果吻合很好。静电分析器因子的仿真与实测结果偏差为3.2%,能量分辨率仿真与实测结果偏差为1.5%,偏转角-偏转板因子的关系式与实测结果的相关系数为0.999 4。仿真结果可以有效地应用于该类仪器的设计和定标过程中。

关键词：空间等离子体探测器柱形静电分析器数值仿真

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星载高层大气风场原位探测技术与测试分析

宇航学报 2023年第7期44卷 1104-1112页

作者：王馨悦杜丹张爱兵刘超孔令高田峥郑香脂中国科学院国家空间科学中心北京100190 天基空间环境探测北京市重点实验室北京100190 中国科学院空间环境态势感知技术重点实验室北京100190 中国科学院大学北京100190 中国气象局空间天气重点开放实验室/国家卫星气象中心(国家空间天气监测预警中心) 北京100081

采用平板型碳纳米管冷阴极作为电子发射体,基于电子发射材料的性能与几何特征,设计了以直流电子枪为结构基础的均匀场离子源,在栅极和阳极间设计聚焦极,阳极与电离区之间增加双层屏蔽栅网形成电场,对离子和电子产生区进行有效分离,确保... 详细信息

采用平板型碳纳米管冷阴极作为电子发射体,基于电子发射材料的性能与几何特征,设计了以直流电子枪为结构基础的均匀场离子源,在栅极和阳极间设计聚焦极,阳极与电离区之间增加双层屏蔽栅网形成电场,对离子和电子产生区进行有效分离,确保出射电子束的能量单一且方向一致,并结合具有较高速度分辨率的阻滞势速度分析器,研制了可获取高精度中性风速的星载高层大气风场原位探测仪(SSTNWI)。仿真计算和对实物的测试分析表明,风速测量误差在平均风速100 m/s时仅为10%左右,高于“通信/导航中断预报系统”卫星(C/NOFS)的轨道风传感器,中性风速测不准引起的轨道预报误差可下降到优于1.0%,未来有望应用于火星等行星和地球卫星的大气探测任务。

关键词：轨道风高层大气中性风原位探测风场探测