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Interaction between Al.minum and Zinc or Copper and Its Effects on the Pituitary-Testicul.r Axis Ⅱ. Testicul.r Enzyme and Serum Gonadotropin Assay

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Biomedical.and Environmental.Sciences 1990年第1期3卷 11-19页

作者： klaus l. stemmer Department of Environmental.Heal.h University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio 45267

Sprague-Dawl.y mal. rats were divided into groups and maintained on a semipurified diet containing either 5 or 40 ppm of zinc or 2 or 8 ppm of copper. Hal. of the rats in each group received 1000 ppm al.minum in the diet. It was found that al.minum accumul.ted in the pituitary gl.nds and testes when dietary copper l.vel. were suboptimal. The Al. activity in testes was depressed by the added al.minum when the intake of zinc or copper was suboptimal. SDH, l.H, and l.H-X activities were inhibited and GRS and GGTP activities were el.vated in rats fed either the suboptimal.zinc or copper diet. However, the added al.minum in the diet reversed the changes to normal.l.vel.. The testosterone l.vel. in pl.sma changed very l.ttl. when the zinc or copper intake was suboptimal. An increase in pl.sma FSH was demonstrated in groups of both suboptimal.zinc and copper intake. But the pl.sma l. was el.vated onl. in the group receiving the suboptimal.copper diet, and the added al.minum reversed pl.sma l. to control.l.vel.. A l.wer l.vel.of testosterone was demonstrated in the group given suboptimal.copper with al.minum. It was concl.ded that dietary al.minum infl.enced the pituitary-testicul.r axis by interacting with certain essential.trace metal., particul.rl. zinc. 1990 Academic Press. Inc.

关键词： Cu Zn Testicul.r Enzyme and Serum Gonadotropin Assay

Different faces of gastroparesis

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Worl. Journal.of Gastroenterol.gy 2009年第48期15卷 6052-6060页

作者： klaus Biel.fel.t Naeem Raza Susan l.Zickmund Division of Gastroenterol.gy University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Center of Heal.h Equity Research and Practice at the Veteran Administration Heal.h System Pittsburgh

AIM： To test the hypothesis that pain and affect rather than impaired emptying determine symptom severity in patients with gastroparesis. METHODS： Adul. patients with documented gastroparesis were enrol.ed prospectivel. in a singl. center and asked to compl.te the Gastroparesis Cardinal.Symptom Index （GCSt）, Hospital.Anxiety and Depression Scal. （HADS）, the Short Form 12 （SF-12） as qual.ty of l.fe index, rate pain severity and answer 10 open-ended questions. RESUl.S： A total.of 55 patients （44 women） participated. Idiopathic （n = 29） or diabetic （n = 11） gastroparesis and connective tissue disease （n = 8） were the most common underl.ing causes. Antiemetics （n = 30） and prokinetics （n = 32） were most often prescribed. Seventeen patients used opioids on a dail. basis. Nausea and/or vomiting （n = 28）, pain （n = 24） and bl.ating （n = 14） were most commonl. l.sted as dominant symptoms. Patients subjectivel. attributed symptom improvement to nutritional.and dietary therapy （n= 11）, prokinetics （n = 11）, antiemetics （n = 10） or anal.esic agents （n = 3）. In univariate anal.ses, the physical.subscore of the SF-12 and HADS, but not gastric emptying del.y or symptom duration significantl. correl.ted with disease severity as measured by the GCSI. In mul.ivariate anal.ses, the combination of vomiting, bl.ating and depression best predicted the overal. impact on qual.ty of l.fe. CONCl.SION： The study confirms the importance of pain and affect in gastroparesis, which requires novel.approaches to improve more effectivel. the qual.ty of l.fe in patients with this disorder.

关键词： Pain Depression Gastroparesis Qual.ty ofl.fe

Regional.l.mphadenectomy strongl. recommended in T1b gal.bl.dder cancer

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Worl. Journal.of Gastroenterol.gy 2011年第38期17卷 4347-4348页

作者： Ul.ich klaus Fetzner Arnul. H Hl.cher Dirk l.Stippel Department of General Visceral and Cancer SurgeryUniversity Hospital of Cologne

This articl. discusses the adequate treatment of earl. gal.bl.dder cancer （Tl., Tl.） and is based on publ.shed studies extending over nearl. 3 decades. Ran- domized studies and meta anal.ses comparing different surgical.treatments do not exist. The l.terature shows that in up to 20% of patients l.mph node metastasis are found in Tl. gal.bl.dder cancer. Due to high mal.gnancy with earl. angiol.mphatic spread and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation on the one hand, and the rel.tive l.w operative risk of extended chol.cystectomy （chol.cystectomy and regional.l.mphadenectomy） on the other hand, we bel.eve that this procedure is mandatory in earl. gal.bl.dder cancer.

关键词： Gal.bl.dder cancer l.ng-term survival l.mphadenectomy Surgical.treatment

Changes in various metabol.c parameters in bl.od and mil. during experimental.Escherichia col. mastitis for primiparous Hol.tein dairy cows during earl. l.ctation

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Journal.of Animal.Science and Biotechnol.gy 2015年第1期6卷 37-46页

作者： Kasey M Moyes Torben l.rsen Peter S?rensen klaus l.Ingvartsen Department of Animal.and Avian Sciences University of Maryland142 Animal Sciences BuildingMD 20742-231120910 College ParkMDUSA Department of Animal.Science Faculty of Science and TechnologyAarhus University

Background： The objective of this study was to characterize the changes in various metabol.c parameters in bl.od and mil. during IMI chal.enge with Escherichia col. （E. coh. for dairy cows during earl. l.ctation. Thirty, heal.hy primiparous Hol.tein cows were infused （h = 0） with -20-40 cfu of l.ve E. coil.into one front mammary quarter at -4-6 wk in l.ctation. Dail. feed intake and mil. yiel. were recorded. At -12, 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 96, 108, 120, 132, 144, 156, 168, 180 and 192 h rel.tive to chal.enge rectal.temperatures were recorded and quarter foremil. was col.ected for anal.sis of shedding of E. coil.Composite mil. sampl.s were col.ected at -180, -132, -84, -36, -12, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 132 and 180 h rel.tive to chal.enge （h=0） and anal.zed for l.ctate dehydrogenase （l.H）, somatic cel. count, fat, protein, l.ctose, citrate, beta-hydroxybutyrate （BHBA）, free gl.cose （fgl.）, and gl.cose-6-phosphate （G6P）. Bl.od was col.ected at -12, 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 60, 72, 84, 132 and 180 h rel.tive to chal.enge and anal.zed for pl.sma non-esterified fatty acids （NEFA）, BHBA and gl.cose concentration. A general.zed l.near mixed model.was used to determine the effect of IMI chal.enge on metabol.c responses of cows during earl. l.ctation. Resul.s： By 12 h, E. col. was recovered from chal.enged quarters and shedding continued through 72 h. Rectal.temperature peaked by 12 h post-chal.enge and returned to pre-chal.enge val.es by 36 h post-IMI chal.enge. Dail. feed intake and mil. yiel. decreased （P 〈0.05） by 1 and 2 d, respectivel., after mastitis chal.enge. Pl.sma BHBA decreased （12 h, P 〈0.05） from 0.96± 1.1 at 0 h to 0.57±0.64 mmol.l.by ]8 h whereas concentration of pl.sma NEFA （78 h） and gl.cose （24 h） were significantl. greater, 11 and 27%, respectivel., after chal.enge. In mil. fgl., l.ctose, citrate, fat and protein yiel. were l.wer whereas yiel. of BHBA and G6P were higher after chal.enge when compared to pre-chal.enge val.es. Concl.sion

关键词： Cow Earl. l.ctation Escherichia col. Metabol.sm

Bravo (wirel.ss) ambul.tory esophageal.pH monitoring: How do day 1 and day 2 resul.s compare?

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Worl. Journal.of Gastroenterol.gy 2007年第30期13卷 4091-4095页

作者： Matthew l.Bechtol. Jason-Scott l.Hol.y klaus Thal.r John B Marshal. Division of Gastroenterol.gy University of Missouri Hospital and Clinics Columbia MO 65212 United States General.Surgery University of Missouri Hospital and Clinics Columbia MO 65212 United States

AIM： To investigate if differences exist for patients＇ gastroesophageal.refl.x as measured by the Bravo ambul.tory esophageal.pH system between d 1 and d 2.METHODS： A retrospective study of 27 consecutive adul. patients who underwent Bravo esophageal.pH monitoring was performed. Patients underwent EGD under Ⅳ conscious sedation prior to Bravo pl.cement. Acid refl.x variabl.s and symptom scores for d 1 were compared to d 2.RESUl.S： The mean doses of fentanyl.and midazol.m were 90.4 μg and 7.2 mg, respectivel.. D 1 resul.s were significantl. more el.vated than d 2 with respect to total.time pH 〈 4, upright position refl.x, and mean number of l.ng refl.xes. No statistical.difference was noted between the two days for supine position refl.x, number of refl.xes, duration of l.ngest refl.x, episodes of heartburn, and symptom score.CONCl.SION： Patients undergoing Bravo esophageal.pH monitoring in association with EGD and moderate conscious sedation experience significantl. more acid refl.x on d i compared to d 2. The Ⅳ sedation may be responsibl. for the increased refl.x on d 1. Performed this way, 48-h Bravo resul.s may not be entirel. representative of the patients＇ true GE refl.x profil..

关键词： Esophageal.pH monitoring Bravo Gastroeso- phageal.refl.x disease Refl.x pH testing

Near-infrared-refl.ction spectroscopy as measuring method to determine the state of the process for automatic control.of anaerobic digestion

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International.Journal.of Agricul.ural.and Biol.gical.Engineering 2013年第2期6卷 63-72页

作者： Andrea Stockl.Daniel.l.ffl.r Hans Oechsner Thomas Jungbl.th klaus Fischer Martin Kranert State Institute of Agricul.ural.Engineering and Bioenergy University of Hohenheim70593 Stuttgart-PlieningenGermany Institute for Sanitary Engineering Water Quality and Solid Waste ManagementUniversity of StuttgartBandtäle 270569 StuttgartGermany State Institute of Agricul.ural.Engineering Livestock System EngineeringUniversity of Hohenheim70593 Stuttgart-PlieningenGermany

A recentl. devel.ped control.strategy for the anaerobic digestion process requires secure knowl.dge about the state of the *** near infrared refl.ction spectroscopy(NIRS),provides the possibil.ty to determine process parameters of the anaerobic digestion process onl.ne and directl. at the *** investigate if the NIRS measurements can successful.y be used for the characterization of the state of the process within the control.strategy the control.was operated on two experimental.*** NIR spectra were recorded during the *** val.es of the process parameters(mainl. concentrations of organic acids)obtained by NIRS differ from the val.es of the chemical.anal.ses during the *** the state of the process is categorized equal.y on the basis of both measurement *** can consequentl. be stated that NIRS is expected to meet the requirements of the control.strategy.

关键词： near-infrared-refl.ction spectroscopy(NIRS) state of the process automatic process control anaerobic digestion biogas

The effects of additive outl.ers in INAR(1) process and robust estimation

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Statistical.Theory and Rel.ted Fiel.s 2018年第2期2卷 206-214页

作者： Marcel. Bourguignon klaus l.P.Vasconcel.os Departamento de Estatística Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteNatalRNBrazil Departamento de Estatística Cidade UniversitáriaUniversidade Federal de PernambucoRecifePEBrazil

In this paper, methods based on ranks and signs for estimating the parameters of thefirst-order integer-val.ed autoregressive model.in the presence of additive outl.ers are proposed. In particul.r, we use the robust sampl. autocorrel.tions based on ranks and signsto obtain estimators for the parameters of the Poisson INAR(1) process. The effects ofadditive outl.ers on the estimates of parameters of integer-val.ed time series are examined. Some numerical.resul.s of the estimators are presented with a discussion of theobtained resul.s. The proposed methods are appl.ed to a dataset concerning the numberof different IP addresses accessing the server of the pages of the Department of Statistics of the University of Würzburg. The resul.s presented here give motivation to use themethodol.gy in practical.situations in which Poisson INAR(1) process contains additiveoutl.ers.

关键词： Additive outl.ers Poisson INAR(1)process robustness squared difference estimator

Referential.al.rm cal.ing behaviour in New Worl. primates

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Current Zool.gy 2012年第5期58卷 680-697页

作者： Cristiane CASAR klaus ZUBERBOHl.R Scottish Primate Research Group School of Psychology University of St Andrews. St Mary's Quad St Andrews Fife Scotland UK KY16 9JP Conservation Ecology and Animal Behaviour Group Department of Post-Graduate Studies in Zoology Pr6dio 41 Pontificia Universidade Cat61ica de Minas Gerais Av. Dom Jos6 Gaspar 500 Cora~o Eucarfstico 30535-610 Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil Cognitive Science Centre Rue Emile Argand 11 University of Neuch~tel Neuch~tel Switzerland

There is rel.tivel. good evidence that non-human primates can communicate about objects and events in their envi- ronment in ways that al.ow recipients to draw inferences about the nature of the event experienced by the signal.er. In some spe- cies, there is al.o evidence that the basic semantic units are not individual.cal.s, but cal. sequences and the combinations gener- ated by them. These two findings are rel.vant to theories pertaining to the origins of human l.nguage because of the resembl.nces of these phenomena with l.nguistic reference and syntactic organisation. Until.recentl., however, most research efforts on the primate origins of human l.nguage have invol.ed Ol. Worl. species with comparativel. few systematic studies on New Worl. monkeys, which has prevented insights into the deeper phyl.genetic roots and evol.tionary origins of l.nguage-rel.vant capaci- ties. To address this, we review the ol.er primate l.terature and very recent evidence for functional.y referential.communication and cal. combinations in New Worl. primates. Within the existing l.terature there is ampl. evidence in both Cal.itrichids and Ce- bids for acoustical.y distinct cal. variants given to external.disturbances that are accompanied by distinct behavioural.responses. A general.pattern is that one cal. type is typical.y produced in response to a wide range of general.disturbances, often on the ground but al.o incl.ding inter-group encounters, whil. another cal. type is produced in response to a much narrower range of aerial.threats. This pattern is al.eady described for Ol. Worl. monkeys and Prosimians, suggesting an earl. evol.tionary origin. Second, recent work with bl.ck-fronted tiff monkeys has produced evidence for different al.rm cal. sequences consisting of acoustical.y distinct cal. types. These sequences appear to encode several.aspects of the predation event simul.aneousl., notabl. predator type and l.cation. Since meaningful.cal. sequences have al.eady been described in

关键词： Primate al.rm cal.s Functional.y referential.cal.s Cal. combinations New Worl. monkeys Ol. Worl. monkeys

Competing for Space: Factors That l.ad to Sponge Overgrowth When Interacting with Octocoral

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Open Journal.of Marine Science 2015年第1期5卷 64-80页

作者： El.zabeth l. Mcl.an klaus Rützl.r Penel.pe S. Pool.r Department of Natural.Resource Sciences University of Rhode Island Kingston RI USA Graduate Program in Evol.tion Ecology and Behavior University at Buffalo Buffalo NY USA Department of Invertebrate Zool.gy Smithsonian Institution Washington DC USA Department of Publ.c Heal.h and Preventive Medicine Upstate Medical University-SUNY Syracuse NY USA

The overgrowth of octocoral. by sponges is general.y disadvantageous for the octocoral.. When the growth of octocoral.popul.tions increases the reefs’ structural.compl.xity, more substrate space becomes avail.bl. for epibionts to grow. One of these epibionts is the sponge Desmapsamma anchorata, known to grow exponential.y faster than other sponges, and for its abil.ty to overwhel. the substrate over which it grows. Our objective in this study is to determine if the overgrowth of branching octocoral. by varying sponges is defined onl. by species-specific interactions, or if some physical.attributes make this octocoral.more susceptibl. to being overgrown than others. To determine this, on a reef south of Carrie Bow Cay, Bel.ze, we monitored the attachment of various demosponges to branching octocoral. in a series of experiments to assess the response effect of the interactions and properties l.ading to attachment and subsequent sponge overgrowth on branching octocoral.. Substrate effects, species-specific reactions, and time of exposure were considered. Additional.y, fol.owing successful.attachment, prel.minary growth rates of two sponge species epizoic on two octocoral.species were monitored. Differences in the observed interaction between species and treatments were anal.zed with a mul.inomial.response model.to isol.te a species-specific effect from other interacting effects of the properties tested. Resul.s indicate that time of exposure of a sponge in direct contact with the octocoral.fragment significantl. affects the outcome of the interaction;secondl., physical.properties and species-specific interactions al.o infl.ence the attachment. Fol.owing the successful.attachment to an octocoral. the growth of the sponge varies as a function of the sponge’s differential.growth rate and the substrate species over which it grows. In the context of species successions, understanding interactions between coral.eef organisms is important as these interactions expl.in species

关键词： Porifera Gorgonacea Interactions Attachment Overgrowth