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Therapeutic potential of exercise-hormone irisin in Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1555-1564页

作者： Eunhee kim Rudolph ETanzi Se hoon Choi Genetics and Aging Research Unit MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMAUSA McCance Center for Brain Health Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA

Irisin is a myokine that is generated by cleavage of the membrane protein fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing protein 5(FNDC5) in response to physical exercise. Studies reveal that irisin/FNDC5 has neuroprotective functions against Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia in the elderly, by improving cognitive function and reducing amyloid-β and tau pathologies as well as neuroinflammation in cell culture or animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Although current and ongoing studies on irisin/FNDC5 show promising results, further mechanistic studies are required to clarify its potential as a meaningful therapeutic target for alleviating Alzheimer's disease. We recently found that irisin treatment reduces amyloid-β pathology by increasing the activity/levels of amyloid-β-degrading enzyme neprilysin secreted from astrocytes. Herein, we present an overview of irisin/FNDC5's protective roles and mechanisms against Alzheimer's disease.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease exercise fibronectin typeⅢdomain-containing protein 5(FNDC5) irisin

Nasal cavity fungus ball discovered accidentally:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第5期13卷 44-48页

作者： Dae-Neung Lee dong hoon Lee Sang Chul Lim Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Chonnam National University Medical SchoolChonnam National University Hwasun HospitalHwasun 58128South Korea Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Chonnam National University Medical SchoolHwasun HospitalChonnam National University Hwasun HospitalHwasun 58128South Korea Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Chonnam National University Medical SchoolKwangju 501190South Korea

BACKGROUND Fungal balls within the nasal cavity are an exceedingly rare clinical entity,typically presenting with nonspecific symptoms or being identified *** SUMMARY This report presents an incidental discovery of a fungal ball in the nasal cavity during routine imaging,with no associated clinical *** This case underscores the importance of considering the possibility of asympto-matic presentations of nasal fungal balls,which may be detected incidentally during imaging evaluations.

关键词： Fungi Mycoses Fungus ball Nasal cavity Nasal surgical procedures Case report

Aligned Ion Conduction Pathway of Polyrotaxane‑Based Electrolyte with Dispersed Hydrophobic Chains for Solid‑State Lithium–Oxygen Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 169-186页

作者： Bitgaram kim Myeong‑Chang Sung Gwang‑Hee Lee Byoungjoon Hwang Sojung Seo Ji‑Hun Seo dong‑Wan kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea University145 Anam‑RoSeongbuk‑GuSeoul 02841Republic of Korea School of Civil Environmental and Architectural EngineeringKorea University145 Anam‑RoSeongbuk‑GuSeoul 02841Republic of Korea Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Center Institute for Advanced Engineering(IAE)Yongin 17180Republic of Korea

A critical challenge hindering the practical application of lithium–oxygen batteries(LOBs)is the inevitable problems associated with liquid electrolytes,such as evaporation and safety *** study addresses these problems by proposing a modified polyrotaxane(mPR)-based solid polymer electrolyte(SPE)design that simultaneously mitigates solvent-related problems and improves ***-SPE exhibits high ion conductivity(2.8×10^(−3)S cm^(−1)at 25℃)through aligned ion conduction pathways and provides electrode protection ability through hydrophobic chain *** this mPR-SPE into solid-state LOBs resulted in stable potentials over 300 *** situ Raman spectroscopy reveals the presence of an LiO_(2)intermediate alongside Li_(2)O_(2)during oxygen *** situ X-ray diffraction confirm the ability of the SPE to hinder the permeation of oxygen and moisture,as demonstrated by the air permeability *** present study suggests that maintaining a low residual solvent while achieving high ionic conductivity is crucial for restricting the sub-reactions of solid-state LOBs.

关键词： Solid polymer electrolyte Lithium-oxygen batteries Polyrotaxane ion conductivity Hydrophobic chain

A Flexible Smart Healthcare Platform Conjugated with Artificial Epidermis Assembled by Three‑Dimensionally Conductive MOF Network for Gas and Pressure Sensing

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 601-620页

作者： Qingqing Zhou Qihang Ding Zixun Geng Chencheng Hu Long Yang Zitong Kan Biao dong Miae Won Hongwei Song Lin Xu Jong Seung kim State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun 130012People’s Republic of China Department of Chemistry Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea TheranoChem Incorporation Seoul 02856Republic of Korea

The rising flexible and intelligent electronics greatly facilitate the noninvasive and timely tracking of physiological information in telemedicine *** building bionic-sensitive moieties is vital for designing efficient electronic skin with advanced cognitive functionalities to pluralistically capture external ***,realistic mimesis,both in the skin’s three-dimensional interlocked hierarchical structures and synchronous encoding multistimuli information capacities,remains a challenging yet vital need for simplifying the design of flexible logic ***,we construct an artificial epidermal device by in situ growing Cu_(3)(HHTP)_(2) particles onto the hollow spherical Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) surface,aiming to concurrently emulate the spinous and granular layers of the skin’s *** bionic Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@Cu_(3)(HHTP)_(2) exhibits independent NO_(2) and pressure response,as well as novel functionalities such as acoustic signature perception and Morse code-encrypted message ***,a wearable alarming system with a mobile application terminal is self-developed by integrating the bimodular senor into flexible printed *** system can assess risk factors related with asthmatic,such as stimulation of external NO_(2) gas,abnormal expiratory behavior and exertion degrees of fingers,achieving a recognition accuracy of 97.6%as assisted by a machine learning *** work provides a feasible routine to develop intelligent multifunctional healthcare equipment for burgeoning transformative telemedicine diagnosis.

关键词： Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@Cu_(3)(HHTP)_(2)composites NO_(2)/pressure flexible sensors Health-monitoring Machine learning

Complete characterization of ultrafast optical fields by phase-preserving nonlinear autocorrelation

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第10期11卷 2451-2462页

作者： Alexander Gliserin Soo hoon Chew Seungchul kim dong Eon kim Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering College of Nanoscience and NanotechnologyPusan National University2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gilBusan 46241South Korea Department of Cogno Mechatronics Engineering College of Nanoscience and NanotechnologyPusan National University2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gilBusan 46241South Korea Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science Max Planck POSTECH/Korea Research Initiative77 Cheongam-roPohang 37673South Korea Department of Physics Center for Attosecond Science and TechnologyPohang University of Science and Technology77 Cheongam-roPohang 37673South Korea

Nonlinear autocorrelation was one of the earliest and simplest tools for obtaining partial temporal information about an ultrashort optical pulse by gating it with ***,since the spectral phase is lost in a conventional autocorrelation measurement,it is insufficient for a full characterization of an ultrafast electric field,requiring additional spectral information for phase ***,we show that introducing an intensity asymmetry into a conventional nonlinear interferometric autocorrelation preserves some spectral phase information within the autocorrelation signal,which enables the full reconstruction of the original electric field,including the direction of time,using only a spectrally integrating *** call this technique Phase-Enabled Nonlinear Gating with Unbalanced Intensity(PENGUIN).It can be applied to almost any existing nonlinear interferometric autocorrelator,making it capable of complete optical field characterization and thus providing an inexpensive and less complex alternative to methods relying on spectral measurements,such as frequency-resolved optical gating(FROG)or spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction(SPIDER).More importantly,PENGUIN allows the precise characterization of ultrafast fields in non-radiative(e.g.,plasmonic)nonlinear optical interactions where spectral information is *** demonstrate this novel technique through simulations and experimentally by measuring the electric field of~6-fs laser pulses from a Ti:sapphire *** results are validated by comparison with the well-established FROG method.

关键词： autocorrelation nonlinear characterization

Extrusion limit diagram of AZ91–0.9Ca–0.6Y–0.5MM alloy and effects of extrusion parameters on its microstructure and mechanical properties

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第12期10卷 3447-3458页

作者： dong HeeLee Ye Jin kim Sang-hoon kim Byoung Gi Moon Sung Hyuk Park School of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Agency for Defense Development Daejeon 34186Republic of Korea Advanced Metals Division Korea Institute of Materials ScienceChangwon 51508Republic of Korea

An AZ91–0.9Ca–0.6Y–0.5MM(AZXWMM91100) alloy, which has higher corrosion resistance, ignition resistance, and extrudability than a commercial AZ91 alloy, has been developed recently. In this study, the AZXWMM91100 alloy is extruded at various temperatures(300–400 ℃) and ram speeds(1–14.5 mm/s), and the cracking behaviors, microstructure, and tensile properties of the extruded materials are systematically analyzed. On the basis of the pressure limit and surface and internal cracking limit, the extrusion limit diagram providing a safe extrusion processing zone is established. All of the materials extruded at temperatures and speeds within the safe extrusion processing zone have high surface quality and moderate tensile ductility with an elongation higher than 10%. Moreover, they have a fully recrystallized grain structure and contain undissolved particle stringers arranged parallel to the extrusion direction. The grain size of the extruded material does not show any relationship with the Zener–Hollomon parameter(Z). However, the yield strength(YS) of the extruded material is inversely proportional to the logarithm of the Z value, and their relationship is expressed as YS =-31.2·log(Z) + 536. These findings may broaden the understanding of the AZXWMM91100 alloy with excellent chemical and physical properties and provide valuable information for the development of high-performance extruded Mg products using this alloy.

关键词： Magnesium Extrudability Extrusion limit diagram Microstructure Tensile properties

Variations in microstructure and bending formability of extruded Mg–Al–Zn–Ca–Y–MM alloy with precompression and subsequent annealing treatment conditions

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第9期10卷 2475-2490页

作者： Jong Un Lee Sang-hoon kim dong Hee Lee Hyun Ji kim Young Min kim Sung Hyuk Park School of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Agency for Defense Development Daejeon 34186Republic of Korea Implementation Research Division Korea Institute of Materials ScienceChangwon 51508Republic of Korea

In this study, the bending formability of an extruded Mg–9Al–1Zn–0.3Mn–0.9Ca–0.6Y–0.5 MM(AZXWMM91100, wt%) alloy at room temperature is significantly improved through application of a combined precompression and subsequent annealing(PCA) treatment. As the amount of precompression applied along the extrusion direction(ED)(i.e., the total strain) increases from 4% to 6%, the area fraction of ED-oriented grains of the PCA-treated alloy increases, which consequently causes an improvement in its bending formability because these grains accommodate larger tensile strain along the ED during bending. As the temperature of the subsequent annealing treatment increases from 350 ℃ to 450 ℃, both the area fraction of the ED-oriented grains and the average grain size increase, and the residual dislocation density decreases owing to the promotion of boundary migration and occurrence of the recovery process at higher ***, the bending formability of both the 4%-precompressed and the 6%-precompressed samples increases with an increase in the annealing temperature. However, when the precompressed samples are annealed at 300 ℃, their bending formability is lower than that of the extruded alloy because the dislocations formed by precompression remain even after the subsequent annealing at this temperature.

关键词： Magnesium Extrusion Bending Formability Texture

Texture development and grain boundary phase formation in Ce-and Ce-La-substituted Nd-Fe-B magnets during hot-deformation process

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第31期126卷 71-79页

作者： Ga-Yeong kim Tae-hoon kim Hee-Ryoung Cha Sang-hyub Lee dong-Hwan kim Yang-Do kim Jung-Goo Lee Department of Magnetic Materials Korea Institute of Materials ScienceChangwon 51508Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241Republic of Korea R&D Center Star Group Ind.Co.Ltd.Daegu 42714Republic of Korea

In this study,the influence of Ce-and Ce-La-substitution for Nd in Nd-Fe-B magnets on their magnetic and microstructural changes in the course of the hot-deformation process was investigated to gain insight into further reducing the Nd content in fine-grained Nd-Fe-B hot-deformed *** found that the[001]texture and microstructure of the RE-rich grain boundary phases,which are the factors that de-termine the remanence and coercivity of hot-deformed magnets,were deteriorated by the Ce-and *** is because the volume fraction of the RE-rich liquid formed in the grain boundaries during the hot-press and hot-deformation decreased due to the Ce-and Ce-La-substitution,thereby in-creasing the friction between the 2:14:1 grains while the c-axes of grains were aligned by grain rotation and decreasing the RE concentration of grain boundary *** particular,the Ce-La-co-substitution further prevented the liquid formation within the grain boundaries of the magnets during hot-press and hot-deformation because the wettability of the RE-rich liquid on the 2:14:1 grains became poor when La was substituted for Nd in the 2:14:1 *** results indicate that there is room for further im-provement in both the remanence and coercivity of the Ce-and Ce-La-substituted magnets by intro-ducing additional liquid into the grain boundaries prior to hot-press and *** applying the Nd-Cu infiltration process to the melt-spun ribbons(intermediate infiltration,I-infiltration),both the remanence and coercivity of the Nd-saving(Nd 0.7 Ce 0.3)-Fe-B and(Nd 0.7 Ce 0.225 La 0.075)-Fe-B hot-deformed magnets were successfully improved.

关键词： Nd-Fe-B magnets Hot-deformation Nd-saving Ce-substitution La-substitution Infiltration

4-Hydroxycinnamic acid attenuates neuronal cell death by inducing expression of plasma membrane redox enzymes and improving mitochondrial functions

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年第4期12卷 1287-1299页

作者： Sujin Park YoonA kim Jaewang Lee Hyunsoo Seo Sang-Jip Nam dong-Gyu Jo dong-hoon Hyun Department of Life Science Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul 03760South Korea Department of Chemistry and Nano Science Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul 03760South Korea School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419South Korea

Many approaches to neurodegenerative diseases that focus on amyloid-βclearance and gene therapy have not been *** therapeutic applications focus on enhancing neuronal cell survival during the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases,including mitochondrial *** membrane(PM)redox enzymes are crucial in maintaining cellular physiology and redox homeostasis in response to mitochondrial *** phytochemicals are known to induce the expression of detoxifying enzymes under stress *** this study,mechanisms of neuroprotective effects of 4-hydroxycinnamic acid(HCA)were examined by analyzing cell survival,levels of abnormal proteins,and mitochondrial functions in two different neuronal *** protected two neuronal cells exhibited high expression of PM redox enzymes and the consequent increase in the NAD^(+)/NADH *** cultured with HCA showed delayed apoptosis and decreased oxidative/nitrative damage accompanied by decreased ROS production in the *** increased the mitochondrial complexes I and II activities and ATP ***,HCA increased mitochondrial fusion and decreased mitochondrial ***,HCA maintains redox homeostasis and energy metabolism under oxidative/metabolic stress *** findings suggest that HCA could be a promising therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： NADH-quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1) Cytochrome b5 reductase 4-Hydroxycinnamic acid Neuroprotection Improved mitochondrial functions