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High Resolution Global Modeling of the Atmospheric Circulation

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2006年第6期23卷 842-856页

作者： kevin hamilton International Pacific Research Center University of Hawaii at Manoa HonoluluHawaii 96822USA

An informal review is presented of recent developments in numerical simulation of the global atmospheric circulation with very fine numerical resolution models, The focus is on results obtained recently with versions of the GFDL SKYHI model and the Atmospheric Model for the Earth Simulator （AFES） global atmospheric models. These models have been run with effective horizontal grid resolution of -10-40 km and fine vertical resolution. The results presented demonstrate the utility of such models for the study of a diverse range of phenomena, Specifically the models are shown to simulate the development of tropical cyclones with peak winds and minimum central pressures comparable to those of the most intense hurricanes actually observed, More fundamentally, the spectrum of energy content in the mesoscale in the flow can be reproduced by these models down to near the smallest explicitly-resolved horizontal scales, in the middle atmosphere it is shown that increasing horizontal resolution can lead to significantly improved overall simulation of the global-scale circulation, The application of the models to two specific problems requiring very fine resolution global will be discussed, The spatial and temporal variability of the vertical eddy flux of zonal momentum associated with gravity waves near the tropopause is evaluated in the very fine resolution AFES model, This is a subject of great importance for understanding and modelling the flow in the middle atmosphere, Then the simulation of the small scale variations of the semidiurnal surface pressure oscillation is analyzed, and the signature of significant topographic modulation of the semidiurnal atmospheric tide is identified.

关键词： general circulation model mesoscale simulation gravity waves atmospheric tides

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Empirical Estimates of Global Climate Sensitivity:An Assessment of Strategies Using a Coupled GCM

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2008年第3期25卷 339-347页

作者：朱伟军 kevin hamilton KLME Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology International Pacific Research Center University of Hawaii at ManoaHonolulu 96822USA

A control integration with the normal solar constant and one with it increased by 2.5% in the National Center for Atmospheric Research （NCAR） coupled atmosphere-ocean Climate System Model were conducted to see how well the actual realized global warming could be predicted just by analysis of the control results. This is a test, within a model context, of proposals that have been advanced to use knowledge of the present day climate to make ＂empirical＂ estimates of global climate sensitivity. The scaling of the top-of-the-atmosphere infrared flux and the planetary albedo as functions of surface temperature was inferred by examining four different temporal and geographical variations of the control simulations. Each of these inferences greatly overestimates the climate sensitivity of the model, largely because of the behavior of the cloud albedo. In each inference the control results suggest that cloudiness and albedo decrease with increasing surface temperature. However, the experiment with the increased solar constant actually has higher albedo and more cloudiness at most latitudes. The increased albedo is a strong negative feedback, and this helps account for the rather weak sensitivity of the climate in the NCAR model. To the extent that these model results apply to the real world, they suggest empirical evaluation of the scaling of global-mean radiative properties with surface temperature in the present day climate provides little useful guidance for estimates of the actual climate sensitivity to global changes.

关键词： climate sensitivity empirical estimates coupled GCM surface temperature

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对近期提出的太阳-QBO-天气之间关系的看法

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气象科技 1993年第2期21卷 69-76页

作者： kevin hamilton 杨义文 GFDL普林斯顿大学

联系太阳活动,考察了1875—1936年期间若干测站的地面气象资料,特别是想看一看这些历史资料是否与 van Loon 和 Labitzke(vLL)最近根据现代资料(1950年以后)所找出的太阳-QBO-天气之间的关系相一致。在把 vLL 的分析往前延伸时,主要问... 详细信息

联系太阳活动,考察了1875—1936年期间若干测站的地面气象资料,特别是想看一看这些历史资料是否与 van Loon 和 Labitzke(vLL)最近根据现代资料(1950年以后)所找出的太阳-QBO-天气之间的关系相一致。在把 vLL 的分析往前延伸时,主要问题是不知道 QBO 的位相。在该研究中,对 QBO 位相的数百万种可能的序列重复了 vLL 的计算。其结果揭示出在早期资料中再现 vLL 的结果时存在的一些问题。这表明,或者是 QBO 活动在过去是不同的,或者是vLL关于太阳-天气关系的研究结果对长序列资料是不稳定的。

关键词：太阳天气平流层准两年振荡

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在大气中发现开尔文波

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气象研究与应用 1986年第3期 25-27页

作者： kevin hamilton 黎金水 Depavtment of Oceanography Vniversity of British Columbia

对太平洋上三个海岛站每三小时地面气压观测值的长时间序列进行波谱分析。在各站都发现有约33小时的准周期性能量峰。看来这种振动在东西方向上经度约30度的范围内是相关的。据松野(1980)认为,这“33小时波”与带状波数为1的重要的开尔... 详细信息

对太平洋上三个海岛站每三小时地面气压观测值的长时间序列进行波谱分析。在各站都发现有约33小时的准周期性能量峰。看来这种振动在东西方向上经度约30度的范围内是相关的。据松野(1980)认为,这“33小时波”与带状波数为1的重要的开尔文波相对应。这里通过分析,初步确定地面气压振动的振幅,发现这振动的振幅大约是麦德登和朱利安(1973)所提出的,在热带地区有名的的“五日周期”罗斯比波振幅的五分之一。

关键词：时间序列罗斯比波行星波带状波波动气压观测开尔文波潮波松野地面气压波谱分析数学分析准周期性高层大气地球大气朱利安观测值测定值乘积

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气候对强外辐射强迫响应的数值试验研究

气候对强外辐射强迫响应的数值试验研究

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中国气象学会2003年年会

作者：朱伟军 kevin hamilton 南京气象学院大气科学系 International Pacific Research Center University of HawaiiHonolulu 96822

本文通过改变太阳常数,利用NCAR气候系统模式CSM1.4就气候系统对强外辐射强迫变化的响应进行了研究。结果表明;虽然局地的增温幅度变化很大,但各试验的全球增温分布特征非常相似,并从一定程度上反映了全球增暖典型试验中的增温分布特点... 详细信息

本文通过改变太阳常数,利用NCAR气候系统模式CSM1.4就气候系统对强外辐射强迫变化的响应进行了研究。结果表明;虽然局地的增温幅度变化很大,但各试验的全球增温分布特征非常相似,并从一定程度上反映了全球增暖典型试验中的增温分布特点,即陆地比海洋增暖幅度更强,高纬度地区比低纬度地区增暖幅度更强,这一特点在太阳常数增加较大的试验中表现尤为明显。气候系统响应的性质在太阳常数分别增加2.5%、10%和15%,与增加25%之间其响应方式有所改变,即气候系统对较小太阳常数变化的响应是线性的,而对较大太阳常数变化的响应则很可能是非线性的。

关键词：气候变化太阳常数外辐射强迫响应数值试验

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第27章认识平流层和中间层100年进步

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气象科技进展 2019年第S1期9卷 392-400页

作者：马克·鲍德温 THOMAS BIRNER GUY BRASSEUR JOHN BURROWS NEAL BUTCHART ROLANDO GARCIA MARVIN GELLER LESLEY GRAY kevin hamilton NILI HARNIK[] MICHAELA I.HEGGLIN ULRIKE LANGEMATZ ALAN ROBOCK KAORU SATO ADAM A.SCAIFE 贾朋群(编译) 李婧华(编译) 埃克塞特大学慕尼黑大学马克斯-普朗克研究所不莱梅大学英国气象局 NCAR 纽约州立大学石溪分校牛津大学夏威夷大学特拉维夫大学雷丁大学柏林自由大学罗格斯大学东京大学不详

平流层包含地球大气质量的约17%,但其存在直到1902年才被认识到。随后数十年,随着更多的平流层观测,我们的认识逐渐增加。1913年,保护生命免遭有害紫外辐射伤害的臭氧层被发现。通过臭氧和水汽观测,第一个平流层大气环流的基本概念被提... 详细信息

平流层包含地球大气质量的约17%,但其存在直到1902年才被认识到。随后数十年,随着更多的平流层观测,我们的认识逐渐增加。1913年,保护生命免遭有害紫外辐射伤害的臭氧层被发现。通过臭氧和水汽观测,第一个平流层大气环流的基本概念被提出。自1950年代以来,我们对平流层和中间层的认识快速扩展,该区域在气候系统中的重要性已经清晰。随着观测更多,一些新的平流层现象被发现:准两年振荡、平流层爆发性增温、南半球臭氧洞和平流层变率的地面影响。这些现象均没有被理论预料到。理论的进步更多地源自新的平流层观测中出现的无法解释的现象。自1960年代以来,动力过程和平流层-对流层耦合环流的重要性被认识到。自大约2000年以来,平流层--甚至是中间层--更好的表示开始包括在气候和天气模式中。我们现在知道,为了制作更准确的季节天气预报和预测气候长期变化及臭氧层未来演化,模式需要具有实际动力和化学解析完好的平流层。

关键词：中间层臭氧洞大气质量紫外辐射动力过程气候系统

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Multinuclear MR and MRI study of lithium-ion cells using a variable field magnet and a fixed frequency RF probe

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Magnetic Resonance Letters 2024年第1期4卷 10-20页

作者： Andrés Ramírez Aguilera Florin Marica kevin J.Sanders Md Al Raihan C.Adam Dyker Gillian R.Goward Bruce *** UNB MRI Centre Department of PhysicsUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada Department of Chemistry McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioL8S 4L8Canada Department of Chemistry University of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada

An exploratory multinuclear magnetic resonance(MR)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)study was performed on lithium-ion battery cells with ^(7)Li,^(19)F,and ^(1)H measurements.A variable field superconducting magnet with a fixed frequency parallel-plate radiofrequency(RF)probe was employed in the study.The magnetic field was changed to set the resonance frequency of each nucleus to the fixed RF probe frequency of 33.7 MHz.Two cartridge-like lithium-ion cells,with graphite anodes and LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.3)Co_(0.2)O_(2)(NMC)cathodes,were interrogated.One cell was pristine,and one was charged to a cell voltage of 4.2 V.The results presented demonstrate the great potential of the variable field magnet approach in multinuclear measurement of lithium-ion batteries.These methods open the door for developing faster and simpler methods for detecting,quantifying,and interpreting MR and MRI data from lithium-ion and other batteries.

关键词： Multinuclear MR/MRI Variable field magnet Lithium-ion battery Parallel-plate rf probe

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Softening of phonon spectra in metallic glasses

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npj Computational Materials 2016年第1期2卷 31-35页

作者： Reza Mahjoub Nicholas E hamilton kevin J Laws Michael Ferry School of Materials Science and Engineering The University of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia

The vibrational spectra of a series of MgZnCa amorphous alloys were computed using density functional theory and implementing the small displacement method.The atomic structures of the alloys were obtained by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations.The vibrational thermodynamic properties were calculated as a function of temperature and,in particular,the specific heat at low temperature was approximated by temperature cubed based on the Debye model.We computed the contribution of Mg vibrations to the specific heat and investigated the softening of Mg phonon spectra,where the maximum allowed vibrational frequency is lowered and highly collective diffusion processes are promoted.The statistical correlation between the reported critical casting thickness of the alloys and softening of Mg phonons was obtained.Similar calculations were performed for two distinctively different amorphous ZrTiCuAl alloys with large and small reported critical casting thickness,respectively.The findings were consistent with those of the MgZnCa alloys.

关键词： alloys softening casting

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The Matthew Effect in Running:An Analysis of Elite Endurance Athletes Over 23 Years

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第3期5卷 236-243页

作者： Mabliny Thuany Beat Knechtle kevin Kipchumba Lee Hill Thayse Natacha Gomes Centre of Research EducationInnovation and Intervention in Sport(CIFI2D)Faculty of SportUniversity of Porto4200-450 PortoPortugal Medbase Street Gallen Am Vadianplatz Vadianstrasse 269001 Street GallenGallenSwitzerland Kenyatta University NairobiKenya Division of Gastroenterology&Nutrition Department of PediatricsMcMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada Department of Physical Education Federal University of Sergipe(UFS)São CristóvãoSergipe 49100-000Brazil

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of countries represented in the TOP20 long-distance elite runners ranking during 1997-2020,taking into account the countries’Human Development Index(HDI),and to verify if the Matthew effect can be observed regarding countries’representativeness in the raking alongside the years.Methods The sample comprised 1852 professional runner athletes,ranked in the Senior World TOP20 half-marathon(403 female and 487 male)and marathon(480 female and 482 male)races,between the years 1997-2020.Information about the countries’HDI was included,and categorized as“low HDI”,“medium HDI”,“high HDI”,and“very-high HDI”.Athletes were categorized according to their ranking positions(1st-3rd;4th-10th;>10th),and the number of athletes per country/year was summed and categorized as“total number of athletes 1997-2000”;“total number of athletes 2001-2010”;and“total number of athletes 2011-2020”.The Chi-square test and Spearman correlation were used to verify potential associations and relationships between variables.Results Most of the athletes were from countries with medium HDI,followed by low HDI and very-high HDI.Chi-square test results showed significant differences among females(χ^(2)=15.52;P=0.017)and males(χ^(2)=9.03;P=0.014),in half-marathon and marathon,respectively.No significant association was verified between HDI and the total number of athletes,but the association was found for the number of athletes alongside the years(1997-2000 to 2001-2010:r=0.60;P<0.001;2001-2010 to-2011-2020:r=0.29;P<0.001).Conclusion Most of the athletes were from countries with medium HDI,followed by those with low HDI and very-high HDI.The Matthew effect was observed,but a generalization of the results should not be done.

关键词： Endurance High-elite athletes Human development index

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The parallel-plate resonator:An RF probe for MR and MRI studies over a wide frequency range

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Magnetic Resonance Letters 2023年第4期3卷 306-318页

作者： Andres Ramírez Aguilera kevin J.Sanders Gillian R.Goward Bruce *** UNB MRI Centre Department of PhysicsUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada Department of Chemistry McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioL8S 4L8Canada

We explore the use of the parallel-plate resonator for the study of thin cuboid samples over a wide range of magnetic resonance frequencies.The parallel-plate resonator functions at frequencies from tens to hundreds of MHz.Seven parallel-plate resonators are presented and discussed in a frequency range from 8 to 500 MHz.Magnetic resonance experiments were performed on both horizontal and vertical bore magnet systems with lithium and hydrogen nuclei.Parallel-plate radiofrequency(RF)probes are easy to build and easy to optimize.Experiments and simulations showed good sensitivity of the parallel-plate RF probe geometry with a small decrease in sensitivity at higher frequencies.

关键词： Parallel-plate resonator Optimization Magnetic resonance/magnetic resonance imaging(MR/MRI) Batteries

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