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Fungal diversity notes 1–110:taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal species

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Fungal Diversity 2015年第3期72卷 1-197页

作者： Jian Kui Liu kevin D.Hyde e.B.Gareth Jones Hiran A.Ariyawansa Darbhe J.Bhat Saranyaphat Boonmee Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura eric H.C.McKenzie Rungtiwa Phookamsak Chayanard Phukhamsakda Belle Damodara Shenoy Mohamed A,Abdel-Wahab Bart Buyck Jie Chen K.W.Thilini Chethana Chonticha Singtripop Dong Qin Dai Yu Cheng Dai Dinushani ADaranagama Asha J.Dissanayake Mingkwan Doilom Melvina J.D’souza Xin Lei Fan Ishani DGoonasekara Kazuyuki Hirayama Sinang Hongsanan Subashini C.Jayasiri Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Samantha C.Karunarathna Wen Jing Li Ausana Mapook Chada Norphanphoun Ka Lai Pang Rekhani H.Perera Derek Peršoh Umpava Pinruan Indunil CSenanayake Sayanh Somrithipol Satinee Suetrong Kazuaki Tanaka Kasun M.Thambugala Qing Tian Saowaluck Tibpromma Danushka Udayanga Nalin N.Wijayawardene Dhanuska Wanasinghe Komsit Wisitrassameewong Xiang Yu Zeng Faten AAbdel-Aziz Slavomir Adamčík Ali H.Bahkali Nattawut Boonyuen Timur Bulgakov Philippe Callac Putarak Chomnunti Katrin Greiner Akira Hashimoto Valerie Hofstetter Ji Chuan Kang David Lewis Xing Hong Li Xing Zhong Liu Zuo Yi Liu Misato Matsumura Peter e.Mortimer Gerhard Rambold emile Randrianjohany Genki Sato Veera Sri-Indrasutdhi Cheng Ming Tian Annemieke Verbeken Wolfgang von Brackel Yong Wang Ting Chi Wen Jian Chu Xu Ji Ye Yan Rui Lin Zhao erio Camporesi Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550006GuizhouChina Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of east Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanChina Institute of excellence in Fungal Research and School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department of Botany and Microbiology King Saudi UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Private Bag 92170AucklandNew Zealand Formerly Department of Botany Goa UniversityGoaIndia No.128/1–J Azad Housing SocietyCurcaGoa VelhaIndia Muséum national d’histoire naturelle Dépt.Systématique etévolutionUMR 720575005 ParisFrance Institute of Microbiology&Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control Beijing Forestry UniversityPO Box 61Beijing 100083China Institute of Plant and environment Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesNo.9 of Shu Guang Hua Yuan Zhong LuHaidian DistrictBeijing 10097China The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Mycology University of BayreuthUniversitätsstraße 3095440 BayreuthGermany The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Iwate University18-8 Ueda 3 chomeMorioka 020-8550Japan Apple experiment Station Aomori Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Research Center24 FukutamiBotandairaKuroishiAomori 036-0332Japan Department of Plant Protection Agroscope Changins-Wadenswil Research Station ACWRte de Duiller1260 NyonSwitzerland Department of Botany and Microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box:2455Riyadh 1145Saudi Arabia Department of Botany Faculty of ScienceSohag UniversitySohagEgypt Institute of Botany Slovak Academy of SciencesDúbravskácesta 984523 BratislavaSlovakia Hirosaki University Bleakwood262 CR 3062NewtonTexas 75966USA Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences Hirosaki University3 Bunkyo-choHirosakiAomori

This paper is a compilation of notes on 110 fungal taxa,including one new family,10 new genera,and 76 new species,representing a wide taxonomic and geographic *** new family,Paradictyoarthriniaceae is introduced based on its distinct lineage in Dothideomycetes and its unique *** family is sister to Biatriosporaceae and *** new genera are Allophaeosphaeria(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Amphibambusa(Amphisphaeriaceae),Brunneomycosphaerella(Capnodiales genera incertae cedis),Chaetocapnodium(Capnodiaceae),Flammeascoma(Anteagloniaceae),Multiseptospora(Pleosporales genera incertae cedis),Neogaeumannomyces(Magnaporthaceae),Palmiascoma(Bambusicolaceae),Paralecia(Squamarinaceae)and Sarimanas(Melanommataceae).The newly described species are the Ascomycota Aliquandostipite manochii,Allophaeosphaeria dactylidis,***,Alternaria cesenica,Amphibambusa bambusicola,Amphisphaeria sorbi,Annulohypoxylon thailandicum,Atrotorquata spartii,Brunneomycosphaerella laburni,Byssosphaeria musae,Camarosporium aborescentis,***,***,Chaetocapnodium siamensis,Chaetothyrium agathis,Colletotrichum sedi,Conicomyces pseudotransvaalensis,Cytospora berberidis,***,Diaporthe thunbergiicola,Diatrype palmicola,Dictyosporium aquaticum,***,***,Didymella cirsii,Dinemasporium nelloi,Flammeascoma bambusae,Kalmusia italica,***,Keissleriella sparticola,Lauriomyces synnematicus,Leptosphaeria ebuli,Lophiostoma pseudodictyosporium,***,Lophiotrema eburnoides,Montagnula graminicola,Multiseptospora thailandica,Myrothecium macrosporum,Natantispora unipolaris,Neogaeumannomyces bambusicola,Neosetophoma clematidis,***,Oxydothis atypica,Palmiascoma gregariascomum,Paraconiothyrium nelloi,***,Paradictyoarthrinium tectonicola,Paralecia pratorum,Paraphaeosphaeria spartii,Pestalotiopsis digitalis,***,***,Phaeoisaria pseudoclematidis,Phragmocapnias philippinensis,Pseudocamarosporium cotinae,Pseudocercospora tam

关键词： Ascomycota Basidiomycota Global Taxonomy Initiative Phylogeny Taxonomy

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手术中知晓事件的新分级标准

麻醉与镇痛 2009年第6期5卷 66-69页

作者： George A. Mashour Roy K. esaki kevin K. Tremper David B. Glick Michael O'Connor Michael S. Avidan 潘鹏(译) 李文志(校) Department of Anesthesiology Department of Neurosurgery University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor Michigan Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care University of ChicagoChicago Illinois Departments of Anesthesiology Departments of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri 不详

背景有外显记忆的手术中知晓事件的发生率仅为1／1000—2／1000。因其较罕见，为了更好的了解手术中知晓事件及其后遗效直，需要对大批量的研究数据进行统计。因此，对其进行标准描述和表达将很有价值。方法本研究创建了一种新的手术中... 详细信息

背景有外显记忆的手术中知晓事件的发生率仅为1／1000—2／1000。因其较罕见，为了更好的了解手术中知晓事件及其后遗效直，需要对大批量的研究数据进行统计。因此，对其进行标准描述和表达将很有价值。方法本研究创建了一种新的手术中知晓事件评估标准：0级：未发生手术中知晓；1级：仅存在听觉感知；2级：感知触觉（比如手术操作、气管插管）；3级：感知痛觉；4级：感知麻痹（比如感到不能活动、说话或呼吸）；5级：感知麻痹及痛觉。患者主述有恐惧、焦虑、窒息、末日感、濒死感及其他相关显性描述，另行附加“D”（distress[痛苦、悲伤]）。本研究回顾了15项详细提供手术中知晓报告信息的研究。来自3个研究并创建了该项分级标准的5位麻醉医生，各自独立的评估了这些病例。另外20名相关人员（麻醉主治医生、麻醉住院医生、麻醉护士、医学生及其辅助工作人员），虽未参与该分级标准的创建，但也独立对手术中知晓事件进行了评估。用Flwiss’s κ系数评估观察者之间的一致性。结果对151例确认发生手术中知晓事件的成年病例进行数据分析。基础评估1～5级中，总体κ系数为0．851（95％可信区间CI0．847～0．856）。包括附加情感障碍“D”的评估中，总体κ系数为0．779（95%可信区间CI 0．776～0．783）。结论本研究创建了新的手术中知晓事件评估标准，在评估者间具有近乎完美的一致性，这将有助于手术中知晓事件的研究。

关键词：评估标准术中知晓麻醉医生可信区间外显记忆手术操作气管插管主治医生

FungalTraits:a user-friendly traits database of fungi and fungus-like stramenopiles

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Fungal Diversity 2020年第2期105卷 I0001-I0016页

作者： Sergei Põlme Kessy Abarenkov RHenrik Nilsson Björn D.Lindahl Karina engelbrecht Clemmensen Havard Kauserud Nhu Nguyen Rasmus Kjøller Scott T.Bates Petr Baldrian Tobias Guldberg Frøslev Kristjan Adojaan Alfredo Vizzini Ave Suija Donald Pfister Hans-Otto Baral Helle Järv Hugo Madrid Jenni Nordén Jian-Kui Liu Julia Pawlowska Kadri Põldmaa Kadri Pärtel Kadri Runnel Karen Hansen Karl-Henrik Larsson kevin David Hyde Marcelo Sandoval-Denis Matthew e.Smith Merje Toome-Heller Nalin N.Wijayawardene Nelson Menolli Jr Nicole K.Reynolds Rein Drenkhan Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Tatiana B.Gibertoni Thomas Læssøe William Davis Yuri Tokarev Adriana Corrales Adriene Mayra Soares Ahto Agan Alexandre Reis Machado Andrés Argüelles-Moyao Andrew Detheridge Angelina de Meiras-Ottoni Annemieke Verbeken Arun Kumar Dutta Bao-Kai Cui C.K.Pradeep César Marín Daniel Stanton Daniyal Gohar Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe eveli Otsing Farzad Aslani Gareth W.Griffith Thorsten H.Lumbsch Hans-Peter Grossart Hossein Masigol Ina Timling Inga Hiiesalu Jane Oja John Y.Kupagme József Geml Julieta Alvarez-Manjarrez Kai Ilves Kaire Loit Kalev Adamson Kazuhide Nara Kati Küngas Keilor Rojas-Jimenez Krišs Bitenieks Laszlo Irinyi LászlóGNagy Liina Soonvald Li-Wei Zhou Lysett Wagner M.Catherine Aime MaarjaÖpik María Isabel Mujica Martin Metsoja Martin Ryberg Martti Vasar Masao Murata Matthew PNelsen Michelle Cleary Milan C.Samarakoon Mingkwan Doilom Mohammad Bahram Niloufar Hagh-Doust Olesya Dulya Peter Johnston Petr Kohout Qian Chen Qing Tian Rajasree Nandi Rasekh Amiri Rekhani Hansika Perera Renata dos Santos Chikowski Renato L.Mendes-Alvarenga Roberto Garibay-Orijel Robin Gielen Rungtiwa Phookamsak Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Saleh Rahimlou Samantha C.Karunarathna Saowaluck Tibpromma Shawn P.brown Siim-Kaarel Sepp Sunil Mundra Zhu-Hua Luo Tanay Bose Tanel Vahter Tarquin Netherway Teng Yang Tom May Torda Varga Wei Li Victor Rafael Matos Coimbra Virton Rodrigo Targino de Oliveira Vitor Xavier de Lima Vladimir S.Mikryukov Yongzhong Lu Yosuke Matsuda Yumiko Miyamoto Urm Institute of ecology and earth Sciences University of Tartu14A Ravila50411 TartuEstonia Natural History Museum University of Tartu46 Vanemuise Str51003 TartuEstonia Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre Box 46140530 GothenburgSweden Department of Biological and environmental Sciences University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden Department of Soil and environment Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 701475007 UppsalaSweden Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 702675007 UppsalaSweden Section for Genetics and evolutionary Biology(evoGene) Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloP.O.Box 1066BlindernNO-0316 OsloNorway University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa 3190 Maile WaySt.John 102HonoluluHIUSA Department of Biology University of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 152100 CopenhagenØDenmark Purdue University Northwest WestvilleIN 46391USA Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of SciencesVidenska 108314220 Praha 4Czech Republic GLOBe Institute University of CopenhagenØster Farimagsgade 5KH7.2.321353 CopenhagenDenmark Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi Universitàdi TorinoViale Mattioli 2510125 TorinoItaly Department of Organismic and evolutionary Biology and Farlow Library and Herbarium Harvard University22 Divinity AveCambridgeMA 02138USA Blaihofstr.42 72074 TübingenGermany SYNLAB estonia Veerenni 53aTallinn 11313Estonia escuela de Tecnología Médica Universidad Santo TomásLos Carreras 753OsornoChile Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática Universidad MayorCamino La Pirámide 5750HuechurabaSantiagoChile Norwegian Institute for Nature Research(NINA) Sognsveien 680855 OsloNorway School of Life Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731People’s Republic of China evolutionary Biology Faculty of BiologyBiological and Chemical Research CentreUniversity of Warsawul.Zwirki i Wigury 10102-089 WarsawPoland Department of Botany Swedish Museum of

The cryptic lifestyle of most fungi necessitates molecular identification of the guild in environmental *** the past decades,rapid development and affordability of molecular tools have tremendously improved insights of the fungal diversity in all ecosystems and ***,in spite of the progress of molecular methods,knowledge about functional properties of the fungal taxa is vague and interpretation of environmental studies in an ecologically meaningful manner remains *** order to facilitate functional assignments and ecological interpretation of environmental studies we introduce a user friendly traits and character database FungalTraits operating at genus and species hypothesis *** the information from previous efforts such as FUNGuild and FunFun together with involvement of expert knowledge,we reannotated 10,210 and 151 fungal and Stramenopila genera,*** resulted in a stand-alone spreadsheet dataset covering 17 lifestyle related traits of fungal and Stramenopila genera,designed for rapid functional assignments of environmental *** order to assign the trait states to fungal species hypotheses,the scientific community of experts manually categorised and assigned available trait information to 697,413 fungal ITS *** the basis of those sequences we were able to summarise trait and host information into 92,623 fungal species hypotheses at 1%dissimilarity threshold.

关键词： Fungal traits Trophic modes Function Guild Bioinformatics High-throughput sequencing Community ecology

原发性免疫缺陷病患者肿瘤发生情况:美国免疫缺陷网络注册患者肿瘤发病率分析

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中华临床免疫和变态反应杂志 2018年第2期12卷 236-246页

作者： Paul C.Mayor kevin H.eng Kelly L.Singel Scott I.Abrams Kunle Odunsi Kirsten B.Moysich Ramsay Fuleihan elizabeth Garabedian Patricia Lugar Hans D.Ochs Francisco A.Bonilla Rebecca H.Buckley Kathleen e.Sullivan Zuhair K.Ballas Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles Brahm H.Segal 白炜曾小峰中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院风湿免疫科

研究背景评估了在美国免疫缺陷网络(USIDNeT)注册的原发性免疫缺陷病(PIDDs)患者的总体和器官特异性肿瘤发病率,并与监测、流行病学和最终结果项目(SeeR)数据库中经年龄校正的人群的肿瘤发病率进行比较。目的假设PIDD患者由于免疫功能受... 详细信息

研究背景评估了在美国免疫缺陷网络(USIDNeT)注册的原发性免疫缺陷病(PIDDs)患者的总体和器官特异性肿瘤发病率,并与监测、流行病学和最终结果项目(SeeR)数据库中经年龄校正的人群的肿瘤发病率进行比较。目的假设PIDD患者由于免疫功能受损,肿瘤发病率会增加。方法将2003年至2015年在USIDNeT注册中心注册的PIDD (n=3658)患者的总体和器官特异性肿瘤发病率进行评估,并与SeeR数据库中经年龄校正的人群发病率进行比较。结果与年龄相匹配的SeeR人群相比,观察到PIDD患者罹患肿瘤的相对危险率为1. 42倍(PeeR数据库中最常见的4个恶性肿瘤——肺癌、结肠癌、乳腺癌和前列腺癌的发病率进行分析,PIDD患者中这些肿瘤的发病没有显著增加。男性和女性PIDD患者的淋巴瘤发病率均显著增加(男性10倍,P<0. 001;女性8. 34倍,P<0. 001)。结论 PIDD患者的肿瘤发病率较高。在特定的PIDD人群中淋巴瘤发病率的增高是导致总体肿瘤发病率提高的主要原因,而常见的实体肿瘤的风险没有增加。这些数据表明免疫系统在预防特定肿瘤方面有一定的作用。

关键词：原发性免疫缺陷病普通变异性免疫缺陷病肿瘤白血病淋巴瘤美国免疫缺陷网络

2018年急性缺血性卒中患者早期管理指南美国心脏协会／美国卒中协会为医疗专业人员制定的指南

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国际脑血管病杂志 2018年第2期26卷 81-113页

作者： William J. Powers Alejandro A. Rabinstein Teri Ackerson Opeolu M. Adeoye Nicholas C. Bambakidis Kyra Becker José Biller Michael brown Bart M. Demaerschalk Brian Hoh edward C. Jauch Chelsea S. Kidwell Thabele M. Leslie-Mazwi Bruce Ovbiagele Phillip A. Scott kevin N. Sheth Andrew M. Southerland Deborah V. Summers David L. Tirschwell 徐加平刘慧慧张霞石际俊黄志超尤寿江郭志良肖国栋杜万良曹勇军美国心脏协会卒中委员会苏州大学附属第二医院 215004 首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院北京100050

背景和目的本指南旨在在单个文件中为治疗成年急性动脉性缺血性卒中患者的临床医生提供最新全面的系列推荐意见。目标读者为院前急救人员、医生、综合医疗保健人员和医院管理人员。本指南将取代2013年版指南及其后续更新。方法写作组成... 详细信息

背景和目的本指南旨在在单个文件中为治疗成年急性动脉性缺血性卒中患者的临床医生提供最新全面的系列推荐意见。目标读者为院前急救人员、医生、综合医疗保健人员和医院管理人员。本指南将取代2013年版指南及其后续更新。方法写作组成员由美国心脏协会卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员任命，代表各领域的医学专家。严格遵循美国心脏协会的利益冲突原则。不允许写作组成员对存在企业利益关系的相关议题进行讨论或投票。所有推荐意见必须得到写作组成员的一致通过，除非企业利益关系妨碍了成员投票。由4名同行评议专家以及卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员会和领导委员会成员对指南草案进行发布前评审。本指南采用了美国心脏病学学会／美国心脏协会2015年推荐意见分类和证据级别标准以及新版美国心脏协会指南格式。结果本指南详细介绍了院前医疗、紧急和急诊评估、静脉和血管内治疗以及院内管理，包括在发病后最初2周内启用的二级预防措施。本指南支持院前和院内卒中医疗系统的一体化概念。结论本指南基于目前可获得的最佳证据。然而，许多情况资料有限，迫切需要对急性缺血性卒中的治疗进行持续研究。

关键词： AHA科学声明二级预防卒中治疗

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2019年急性缺血性卒中患者早期管理指南:针对2018年急性缺血性卒中早期管理指南的更新美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会为医疗专业人员制定的指南

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国际脑血管病杂志 2020年第1期28卷 1-43页

作者： William J.Powers Alejandro A.Rabinstein Teri Ackerson Opeolu M.Adeoye Nicholas C.Bambakidis Kyra Becker Jose Biller Michael brown Bart M.Demaerschalk Brian Hoh edward C.Jauch Chelsea S.Kidwell Thabele M.Leslie-Mazwi Bruce Ovbiagele Phillip A.Scott kevin N.Sheth Andrew M.Southerl Deborah V.Summers Tirschwell 徐加平(译) 庄圣(译) 郭志良(译) 黄志超(译) 尤寿江(译) 刘慧慧(译) 张霞(译) 石际俊(译) 肖国栋(译) 曹勇军(译) 刘春风(译) 不详苏州大学附属第二医院神经内科卒中中心 215004

背景和目的本指南旨在在单个文件中为治疗急性动脉性缺血性卒中患者的临床医生提供最新的全面系列推荐意见。目标读者为院前急救人员、医生、综合医疗保健人员以及医院管理人员。本指南将取代2013年版急性缺血性卒中(acute ischemic str... 详细信息

背景和目的本指南旨在在单个文件中为治疗急性动脉性缺血性卒中患者的临床医生提供最新的全面系列推荐意见。目标读者为院前急救人员、医生、综合医疗保健人员以及医院管理人员。本指南将取代2013年版急性缺血性卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)指南,同时也是对2018年版AIS指南的更新。方法写作组成员由美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员会任命,代表各领域的医学专家。写作组成员不得对存在企业利益关系的相关议题进行讨论或投票。对2013年版AIS指南的更新最初于2018年1月发表,该版指南已经过AHA科学咨询与协调委员会以及AHA执行委员会批准。2018年4月,在删除部分推荐意见后,该指南的修订版在AHA网站上在线发表。要求写作组审查原始文件并在必要时进行修订。2018年6月,写作组提交了一份经过细微更改并纳入新近发表的重要随机对照试验(受试者数量>100名且具有AIS发病后至少90 d的临床转归)的文件。经过14位专家进行同行评议后,写作组根据同行评议专家的意见进行了适当修改。目前的最终文件已经过写作组全体成员(除非企业利益关系妨碍了成员投票)以及AHA管理机构批准。本指南采用了美国心脏病学学会/AHA 2015年推荐意见分类和证据级别标准以及新版AHA指南格式。结果本指南详细介绍了院前医疗、紧急和急诊评估、静脉和血管内治疗以及院内管理,包括在发病后最初2周内启用的二级预防措施。本指南支持院前和院内卒中医疗系统的一体化概念。结论本指南基于现有证据提供了总体推荐意见,用于指导治疗成年急性动脉性缺血性卒中患者的临床医生。然而,许多情况资料有限,迫切需要对AIS的治疗进行持续研究。

关键词： AHA科学声明重症监护疾病管理急诊医疗服务二级预防卒中治疗

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ω-3脂肪酸可影响免疫反应

国外畜牧学(猪与禽) 1992年第3期 54-54页

作者：韩国栋 ,Robert H.brown 美国《饲料》周刊记者

美国密苏里大学的kevin ***认为,愈来愈多的证据表明,富含ω-3脂肪酸的日粮脂肪,如步鱼（menhaden）油可通过其调节花生酸（廿烷酸）产生量的能力而影响动物的免疫应答。Fritsche在全国鱼粉和鱼油协会发起的座谈会上说,在母猪妊娠晚期... 详细信息

美国密苏里大学的kevin ***认为,愈来愈多的证据表明,富含ω-3脂肪酸的日粮脂肪,如步鱼（menhaden）油可通过其调节花生酸（廿烷酸）产生量的能力而影响动物的免疫应答。Fritsche在全国鱼粉和鱼油协会发起的座谈会上说,在母猪妊娠晚期日粮及泌乳日粮中添加鱼油,可大大提高哺乳仔猪体内的ω-3脂肪酸含量而减少免疫细胞的前列腺素e2（PGe2）产量。然而,断奶仔猪饲喂鱼

关键词：多不饱和脂肪酸生物合成花生酸烷酸生化反应免疫反应

The amazing potential of fungi:50 ways we can exploit fungi industrially

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Fungal Diversity 2019年第4期97卷 1-136页

作者： kevin D.Hyde Jianchu Xu Sylvie Rapior Rajesh Jeewon Saisamorn Lumyong Allen Grace T.Niego Pranami D.Abeywickrama Janith V.S.Aluthmuhandiram Rashika S.Brahamanage Siraprapa Brooks Amornrat Chaiyasen K.W.Thilini Chethana Putarak Chomnunti Clara Chepkirui Boontiya Chuankid Nimali I.de Silva Mingkwan Doilom Craig Faulds eleni Gentekaki Venkat Gopalan Pattana Kakumyan Dulanjalee Harishchandra Hridya Hemachandran Sinang Hongsanan Anuruddha Karunarathna Samantha C.Karunarathna Sehroon Khan Jaturong Kumla Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Jian-Kui Liu Ningguo Liu Thatsanee Luangharn Allan Patrick G.Macabeo Diana S.Marasinghe Dan Meeks Peter e.Mortimer Peter Mueller Sadia Nadir Karaba N.Nataraja Sureeporn Nontachaiyapoom Meghan O’Brien Watsana Penkhrue Chayanard Phukhamsakda Uma Shaanker Ramanan Achala R.Rathnayaka Resurreccion B.Sadaba Birthe Sandargo Binu C.Samarakoon Danushka S.Tennakoon Ramamoorthy Siva Wasan Sriprom T.S.Suryanarayanan Kanaporn Sujarit Nakarin Suwannarach Thitipone Suwunwong Benjarong Thongbai Naritsada Thongklang Deping Wei S.Nuwanthika Wijesinghe Jake Winiski Jiye Yan erandi Yasanthika Marc Stadler Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of east Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Center of excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand World Agroforestry Centre East and Central AsiaKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Mushroom Research Foundation 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T.PaPaeA.Mae TaengChiang Mai 50150Thailand Aix Marseille Université INRAUMR1163 BBF13288 Marseille Cedex 09France Beijing Key Laboratory of environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China Center of Plant and Environment ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097People’s Republic of China Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability Mae Fah Luang UniversityTasudMuangChiang Rai 57100Thailand Center of excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Center for Mountain ecosystem Studies Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Institute of Fungal Research School of Life Science and TechnologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731People’s Republic of China Department Microbial Drugs Helmholtz Centre for Infection Researchand German Centre for Infection Research(DZIF)partner site Hannover-BraunschweigInhoffenstrasse 738124 BrunswickGermany Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Department of Chemistry University of Science and TechnologyBannuKhyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Crop Physiology University of Agricultural SciencesGKVKBengaluruKarnataka 560065India Department of entomology and Plant Pathology Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai Univers

Fungi are an understudied,biotechnologically valuable group of *** to the immense range of habitats that fungi inhabit,and the consequent need to compete against a diverse array of other fungi,bacteria,and animals,fungi have developed numerous survival *** unique attributes of fungi thus herald great promise for their application in biotechnology and ***,fungi can be grown with relative ease,making production at scale *** search for fungal biodiversity,and the construction of a living fungi collection,both have incredible economic potential in locating organisms with novel industrial uses that will lead to novel *** manuscript reviews fifty ways in which fungi can potentially be utilized as *** provide notes and examples for each potential exploitation and give examples from our own work and the work of other notable *** also provide a flow chart that can be used to convince funding bodies of the importance of fungi for biotechnological research and as potential *** have provided the world with penicillin,lovastatin,and other globally significant medicines,and they remain an untapped resource with enormous industrial potential.

关键词： Biocontrol Biodiversity Biotechnology Food Fungi Mushrooms

一种含氟化钠和硝酸钾的夜用漂白剂安全性和有效性的研究

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中国口腔医学继续教育杂志 2005年第4期8卷 12-15页

作者： William D. browning Daniel C. N. Chan kevin B. Frazier Richard S. Callan John S. Blalock 王丽华（译）梁宇红（译）王嘉德（校）不详北京大学口腔医学院北京海淀区中关村南大街22号100081

目的据报道有67％的患者在漂白过程中会出现暂时的敏感症状，使一些患者不能继续治疗。本研究是测定一种漂白剂的安全性和有效性。材料和方法22名受试者每晚最少漂白6小时，持续2周，漂白剂为ePe（experiment Product e），是含有氟化... 详细信息

目的据报道有67％的患者在漂白过程中会出现暂时的敏感症状，使一些患者不能继续治疗。本研究是测定一种漂白剂的安全性和有效性。材料和方法22名受试者每晚最少漂白6小时，持续2周，漂白剂为ePe（experiment Product e），是含有氟化钠和硝酸钾的10％过氧化脲凝胶。在基线、1周、2周、13周、26周进行评价。用VITA传统比色标准和一个比色计来衡量牙齿颜色变化。每天患者记录牙齿，牙龈，舌部和／或咽部的敏感情况。结果研究中大约36％的患者在漂白阶段出现敏感症状，有13．7％的治疗时间中有敏感症状。结论ePe漂白剂是安全的，受试者仅在漂白剂作用阶段出现轻度敏感症状。研究证实ePe是一种有效的漂白剂。

关键词：漂白剂安全性硝酸钾氟化钠过氧化脲凝胶继续治疗颜色变化 VITA 治疗时间受试者