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Maternal and Fetal Exposure to Four Carcinogenic Environmental Metals

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2010年第6期23卷 458-465页

作者： HUAI GUAN FENG-YUAN PIAO XIAO-WEI LI QIU-JUAN LI LEI XU kazuhito yokoyama Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Dalian Medical University Dalian 116044 Liaoning China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 210 Hospital of PLA Dalian 116021 Liaoning China Department of Public School of Medicine Mie University Tsu Mie-Prefecture Japan

Objective To examine maternal and fetal exposure levels to four carcinogenic metals, arsenic （As）, cadmium （Cd）, nickel （Ni）, and beryllium （Be）, and to investigate their environmental influences. Methods Metal concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）. Environmental factors that might play a role in exposure were analyzed using Mann Whitney nonparametric U-tests and multiple linear regression. Results The concentrations of As, Cd, and Ni in umbilical cord blood （5.41, 0.87, and 139.54 gg/L） were significantly lower than those in maternal blood （6.91, 1.93, and 165.93 p.g/L）. There were significant positive correlations between the maternal and cord concentrations of each carcinogen. Our results showed that：（i） exposures to potentially harmful occupational factors during pregnancy were associated with high levels of maternal As, Cd, and Ni; （ii） living close to major transportation routes （〈500 m） or exposure to second-hand smoke during pregnancy increased the maternal Cd levels and （iii） living close to industrial chimneys induced high maternal Ni levels. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that these environmental factors remained significant in models of the influences of these four carcinogens. Conclusion Both mothers and fetuses had been exposed to As, Cd, Ni, and Be. The increased levels of these carcinogens in pregnant women were associated with some detrimental environmental factors, such as occupational exposure, contact with second-hand smoke and living close to major transportation routes or industrial chimneys.

关键词： Carcinogenic metals Exposure in utero Maternal blood Cord blood Environment

Survival Analysis of Victims of Sulfur Oxide Air Pollution Suffering from COPD or Asthma in Yokkaichi, Japan, in Relation to Predisposing Exposure

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2012年第9期3卷 1251-1259页

作者： Peng Guo kazuhito yokoyama Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine Tokyo Japan

To investigate the relationships between clinical findings and symptoms and the survival of patients with Yokkaichi Asthma, in relation to predisposing sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposure, we examined records of 1836 patients registered in the city of Yokkaichi during 1973-1988 by “Pollution-Related Health Damage Compensation Law.” Complete records were obtained from 735 patients (352 males and 383 females) until December 31, 2007, and were used for the analysis. Ambient SO2 concentrations in the Yokkaichi area were obtained from the Environmental Numeric Database of the National Institute for Environmental Science, Japan. It was found that severity of clinical symptoms and decreased pulmonary function were significantly correlated with predisposing SO2 exposure. A Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that among all patients (COPD and asthma), age, forced expiratory volume 1.0 (sec) % and smoking affected mortality for both males and females. Significant associations between mortality, vital capacity (percent predicted) and cough and sputum were observed in males. Thus, the survival of patients with Yokkaichi Asthma was affected by severity of clinical symptoms and decreased pulmonary function, which were related to predisposing SO2 exposure. It appeared that the effects of clinical changes were greater in males than in females.

关键词： COPD Asthma Air Pollution Sulfur Oxide Pulmonary Function Survival Analysis

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居民居室空气中5种主要污染物的检测分析

大连医科大学学报 2009年第2期31卷 204-206,212页

作者：吕飞燕朴丰源吕虹郭鹏横山和仁上岛通浩大连医科大学劳动卫生与环境卫生学教研室辽宁大连116044 三重大学大学院公众卫生与劳动卫生学教研室名古屋大学大学院职业卫生与环境卫生学教研室

[目的]了解居民居室空气中5种主要污染物的污染现状,为防治室内污染物对居民健康影响提供现况调查依据。[方法]在大连市泡崖小区,随机选择居室装修后不同时期的居民53户,用活性碳活化过的空气采样管24h采样,通过气相色谱质谱联用仪分别... 详细信息

[目的]了解居民居室空气中5种主要污染物的污染现状,为防治室内污染物对居民健康影响提供现况调查依据。[方法]在大连市泡崖小区,随机选择居室装修后不同时期的居民53户,用活性碳活化过的空气采样管24h采样,通过气相色谱质谱联用仪分别测定居民卧室、厨房以及室外空气中多种污染物的浓度。[结果]装修后1年内的卧室空气中甲醛、二氧化氮、甲苯、二甲苯、苯的浓度分别为0.035 mg/m3、0.031 mg/m3、18.7μg/m3、7.5μg/m3、4.2μg/m3;上述5种污染物在厨房空气中分别为0.030 mg/m3、0.042 mg/m3、16.7μg/m3、7.1μg/m3、2.9μg/m3,均明显高于室外浓度(P<0.05或P<0.01)。即便是装修3年以上的居室,其空气中的甲醛和二氧化氮的浓度仍然为室外的2.1倍和2.2倍以上。相关性分析表明,除了二氧化氮以外其他4种污染物浓度之间存在一定相关性(P<0.01)。[结论]对于装修3年以上的居室,即便在保持经常通风条件下其居室空气中的甲醛和二氧化氮浓度仍然高于室外浓度,预防居室装修产生的污染物对居民健康的慢性有害影响,将是一项长期的措施。

关键词：居室装修室内污染现况调查被动式采样器气相色谱质谱联用仪

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孕妇血镉含量及其影响因素的调查分析

大连医科大学学报 2009年第5期31卷 534-537页

作者：关怀朴丰源李小薇刘晓峰李秋娟李飞徐蕾横山和仁解放军第210医院妇产科辽宁大连116021 大连医科大学劳动与环境卫生教研室辽宁大连116044 大连医科大学附属第二医院妇产科辽宁大连116027 三重大学医学院

[目的]了解与孕妇血镉含量变化密切相关的环境因素,以做到在孕前和(或)孕期防护及指导的有的放矢。[方法]收集125名住院分娩孕妇的母胎静脉血,微波消解法制备供试品,电感耦合等离子体-质谱(ICP-MS)法进行全血镉含量测定,同时就孕妇家庭... 详细信息

[目的]了解与孕妇血镉含量变化密切相关的环境因素,以做到在孕前和(或)孕期防护及指导的有的放矢。[方法]收集125名住院分娩孕妇的母胎静脉血,微波消解法制备供试品,电感耦合等离子体-质谱(ICP-MS)法进行全血镉含量测定,同时就孕妇家庭和社会环境等相关因素对血镉含量的影响进行单因素分析和多元逐步回归分析。[结果]所检孕妇血镉平均含量为(1.93±2.24)μg/L,其脐血镉平均含量为(0.82±1.17)μg/L,二者镉含量呈显著正相关(P<0.01);孕妇血镉含量随孕妇文化程度高低、职业差别、有害因素接触与否、饮水来源不同、孕期情绪好坏、被动吸烟有无、居室附近大烟囱有无和居室与交通干线距离等因素而变化;多元线性回归分析结果显示,3个因素进入回归方程,按其作用大小依次为居室与交通干线距离、饮水来源和职业有害因素。[结论]防止环境和水源镉污染是预防孕妇镉暴露的关键,社会经济地位低的孕妇是预防镉暴露的重点人群。

关键词：孕妇血镉环境影响因素流行病学多元线性回归分析

TOCP对DFP在鸡脊髓神经细胞膜特异结合的影响

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大连医科大学学报 2005年第4期27卷 249-252页

作者：朴丰源陈敏戴红刘启贵马宁仲来福山内彻横山和仁大连医科大学辽宁大连116027 日本国立三重大学医学部

[目的]调查〔3H〕DFP在各脊髓段神经细胞膜上的特异结合。[方法]鸡曝露于Tri-o-cre-sylphosphate(TOCP)后,隔6、24、48h处死,取颈、胸、腰段脊髓,称重后制成匀浆。经超速离心,获得膜蛋白。在脊髓膜蛋白中加入8nM的〔3H〕DFP,或加入80nM... 详细信息

[目的]调查〔3H〕DFP在各脊髓段神经细胞膜上的特异结合。[方法]鸡曝露于Tri-o-cre-sylphosphate(TOCP)后,隔6、24、48h处死,取颈、胸、腰段脊髓,称重后制成匀浆。经超速离心,获得膜蛋白。在脊髓膜蛋白中加入8nM的〔3H〕DFP,或加入80nM的非标记DFP后又加入8nM的〔3H〕DFP,然后培养1h。用nitrocellulosefilter进行快速真空滤过,用Tris-HCl-NaCl液对滤纸冲洗,再加5mL的Aquasol-2后,计数〔3H〕DFP的结合量。[结果]对照组鸡的颈、胸、腰椎段脊髓神经细胞膜上的〔3H〕DFP特异结合量分别为832.0、857.0、864.0fmol/mg,TOCP曝露组为273.5、243.52、71.5fmol/mg。TOCP曝露组各段脊髓神经细胞膜上的〔3H〕DFP特异结合量显著低于对照组,而各段脊髓神经细胞膜之间〔3H〕DFP的特异结合量无显著性差异。随着TOCP曝露后的时间的推移,各段脊髓神经细胞膜上的〔3H〕DFP特异结合量逐渐增高,提示迟发性神经毒性有机磷化合物的特异结合膜蛋白是较均匀地分布在整个脊髓神经细胞膜上。在这些脊髓神经细胞膜上的特异性结合部位,TOCP和DFP之间有竞争性抑制作用。[结论]脊髓神经细胞膜上的特异性结合膜蛋白可能与有机磷化合物的迟发性神经毒性诱发有关。

关键词：迟发性神经毒性有机磷化合物鸡脊髓神经细胞膜 tri-o-cresyl phosphate(TOCP) diisopropylfluorophosphate(DFP)