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Karite-diamond fossil:A new type of natural diamond

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第4期11卷 1163-1174页

作者： T.G.Shumilova v.v.Ulyashev v.A.kazakov S.I.Isaenko S.A.Svetov S.Yu.Chazhengina N.S.Kovalchuk Institute of Geology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Pervomayskaya St.54Syktyvkar167982Russia Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology University of Hawaii at Manoa1680 East-West RoadHonoluluHI96822USA SSC FSUE Keldysh Research Centre Onezhskaya8125438MoscowRussia Institute of Geology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences Petrozavodsk11 Pushkinskaya StreetRussia

Impact diamond is one of perspective natural type of superhard carbon materials,forming huge resources sometimes,such as Popigai impact structure counting the largest diamond storage on the *** present,there are two known types of impact diamonds-after-graphitic and after-coal varieties formed from different carbon *** we present for the first time a new impact diamond type-diamond fossils,named by "karite",formed about 70 Ma from unmetamorphosed organics in the giant Kara impact crater(Pay-Khoy,Russia).A full complex of the diamond fossil characteristics is described proving its nature and phase *** is presented with supernanocrystalline diamond aggregates,nicely preserves tiny cell morphology and relict features of lignin and *** diamond fossils are spread widely through the Kara impactites,point to possible wider distribution of impact diamonds within large impact occurrences around the world,can be used for impact modeling,astrobiological and material studies.

关键词： Astroblemes Impact diamonds Fossils Diamond paramorphs Astrobiology

On the Role of the Entrostat in the Theory of Self-Organization

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Natural Science 2014年第7期6卷 467-476页

作者： viktor I. Shapovalov Nickolay v. kazakov The volgograd Branch of Moscow Humanitarian-Economics Institute Volgograd Russia The volgograd State Technical University Volgograd Russia

The reasons for introducing the concept of the entrostat in statistical physics are examined. The introduction of the entrostat has allowed researchers to show the possibility of self-organization in open systems within the understanding of entropy as a measure of disorder. The application of the laws written down for the entrostat has also allowed us to formulate the “synergetic open system” concept. A nonlinear model of the activity of a medium-sized company in the market is presented. In the course of the development of this model, the concept of the entrostat was used. This model includes the equation of a firm’s market activity and condition of its stability. It is shown that this stability depends on the income of the average buyers of the firm’s goods and furthermore that the equation estimating the firm’s market activity includes the scenario of a subharmonic cascade, which ends in chaos for the majority of market participants, i.e., in an economic crisis. The feature of this paper is that the decision containing the scenario of the subharmonic cascade is found analytically (instead of numerically, as is customary in the current scientific literature).

关键词： Entrostat Entropy Self-Organization Synergetics Economic Crisis

The fundamental reasons for global catastrophes

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Natural Science 2013年第6期5卷 673-677页

作者： viktor I. Shapovalov Nickolay v. kazakov The volgograd Branch of Moscow Humanitarian-Economics Institute Volgograd Russia The volgograd State Technical University Volgograd Russia

This paper uses a new statistical method for studying self-organization in order to explain the origins of global catastrophes, namely the exceeding of the critical level of the planet’s organization. This method differs from traditional methods, because it uses specific notions such as the “entrostat” and “critical level of the organization of the open system”.

关键词： Self-Organization Entropy Entrostat Global Catastrophes

基于GaSe和GaSe_(0.7)S_(0.3)单晶的单脉冲CO_2激光倍频器(英文)

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中国光学 2011年第4期4卷 397-403页

作者： TARASENKO v F SITNIKOv A G PANCHENKO A N TEL'MINOv A E GENIN D E 李殿军张来明姜可谢冀江 SARKISOv S Yu BEREZNAYA S A KOROTCHENKO Z v kazakov a v 俄罗斯科学院西伯利亚分院强电流研究所俄罗斯托木斯克634055 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所激光与物质相互作用国家重点实验室吉林长春130033 托木斯克州立大学西伯利亚物理技术研究所半导体材料科学实验室托木斯克634034俄罗斯

描述了使用电感储能发生器和半导体转换开关泵浦的工作波长为10.6μm的高效CO2激光器。给出了激光泵浦的非线性晶体GaSe和GaSe0.7S0.3的二次谐波振荡的实验数据和理论估算结果。结果显示,GaSe晶体在输入能量为180mJ时,最大能量转换效率... 详细信息

描述了使用电感储能发生器和半导体转换开关泵浦的工作波长为10.6μm的高效CO2激光器。给出了激光泵浦的非线性晶体GaSe和GaSe0.7S0.3的二次谐波振荡的实验数据和理论估算结果。结果显示,GaSe晶体在输入能量为180mJ时,最大能量转换效率为0.38%,倍频激光的峰值功率为8 kW。

关键词： GaSe GaSe0.7S0.3 单脉冲CO2激光倍频器

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具有多核瘤巨上皮细胞的毛发上皮瘤

世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2006年第12期2卷 47-48页

作者： kazakov D.v. Michal M. 李晓莉 Sikl's Department of Pathology Charles UniversityMedical Faculty Hospital Alej Svobody 80 304 60 Pilsen Czech Republic Dr.

We report an unusual example of trichoepithelioma containing giant and multinucleated cells in the epithelial compartment. The patient was a 52-year-old woman who presented with a solitary nodule on the scalp measuring 2 cm of apparently long duration. The biopsy revealed a typical trichoepithelioma. The unusual feature was the presence in some epithelial nodules of large epithelial cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and no visible nucleoli that exceed 3 to 5 times the adjacent follicular germinative cells. Often, multinucleated cells were seen. Rare nodules were almost entirely composed of giant/multinucleated *** majority of the nodules containing giant cells were situated in the deeper portion of the neoplasm. No mitoses were seen in these giant cells. No enlarged or multinucleated cells were seen in the stroma. The neoplastic epithelial cells were diffusely reactive for bcl-2, including the giant and multinucleated *** proliferating rate was low; Ki-67 stained some giant cells. CD34 stained the stroma. We believe that the focal presence of pleomorphic giant cells in trichoepithelioma has no clinical or prognostic implications and does not denote its “malignant transformation”.

关键词：毛发上皮瘤上皮细胞多核细胞

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乳头皮肤淋巴组织增生及其他淋巴组织浸润:对56例患者的回顾性临床病理学研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2006年第4期2卷 23-24页

作者： Boudova L. kazakov D.v. Sima R. M. Michal 王琼 Department of Pathology Lab. Spec. Diag. Medical Faculty Hospital Alej Svobody 80 304 60 Plzeˇ n Czech RepublicDr.

This study characterizes the clinicopathological spectrum of lymphoproliferations involving the breast nipple and/or areola. Morphologic, immunohistochemical, molecular-ge-netic, and clinical features of 58 specimens from 56 patients were analyzed. They were re-diagnosed as cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia (CLH, n = 44); other benign lymphoid infiltrates (OBLI, n = 8); peripheral T-cell lymphoma,not otherwise specified (n = 1); cases with overlapping features of CLH and B-cell lymphoma (n = 3), one of them composed of spindle cells. Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia infiltrates were dense, composed mainly of B cells forming follicles with germinal centers (GC). Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia frequently showed features suggesting a malignancy as coalescing follicles with non-polarized germinal centers lacking mantle zones, and smudged infiltrates of lymphoid cells spreading into collagen (often as “ Indian files” ), smooth muscle, vessel walls, and nerve sheaths. Only two cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasias recurred; otherwise all patients are without disease (mean follow-up 62 months) . Monoclonal rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene was detected in five, and of T-cell receptor γ gene in two cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasias using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), but the patients fared well too. In 47% of cases Borrelia burgdorferi was detected by polymerase chain reaction and/or serology, of which one was monoclonal. We conclude that cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia is the most common lymphoproliferation of the breast nipple, rarely recognized clinically, and often overdiagnosed histologically as lymphoma.

关键词：淋巴组织增生乳头皮肤临床病理学淋巴瘤梭形细胞生发中心滤泡博氏疏螺旋体外套层活检标本

1例肉瘤起源于皮肤和皮下透明血管型Castleman病

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2005年第12期1卷 28-29页

作者： kazakov D.v. Morrisson C. Plaza J.A. M. Michal 惠海英 Sikl' s Department of Pathology Charles University Medical Faculty HospitalAlej Svobody 80 304 60 Pilsen Czech Republic

We report on a case of a sarcoma arising in the hyaline- vascular variant of Castleman disease (HvCD) of the skin and subcutis. The patient was a 38- year- old man who clinically presented with a subcutaneous non- fixed cyst- like mass on his right shoulder with an unremarkable prior medical history. Histologic sections showed a biphasic tumor with numerous atretic lymphoid follicles located in the deep dermis and subcutis and a spindle- cell neoplasm mainly situated in the deep subcutis and adjacent soft tissue. The atretic lymphoid component fulfilled the criteria for HvCD, whereas the spindle- cell lesion showed all the criteria for sarcoma including nuclear atypia and frequent mitotic figures. The sarcomatous componentwas diffusely positive for fascin, nerve growth factor receptor, and CD34 with focal weak reactivity for CD21 and CNA.42. Stains for CD23, CD31, CD35, CD99, ALK- 1, SMA, ASMA, desmin, factor XIIIa,AE1- AE3, EMA, bcl- 2, S- 100, Melan- A,HMB- 45, Cam 5.2, and factor vIII were negative in the neoplastic spindle cells. No monoclonal population of lymphocyteswas detected andwe could not identify EBv or HHv- 8 virus by PCR. Electron microscopy of the sarcomatous component showed spindle cells with labyrinth- like invaginations of the nucleus and numerous long, slender, interwoven cytoplasmic processes. The sarcomatous component in this case is most consistent with a poorly differentiated follicular dendritic cell sarcoma based upon the morphologic and ultrastructural findings.

关键词： Castleman病血管型梭形细胞核异型真皮深层淋巴滤泡双相性组织学切片邻近软组织淋巴样

多向(线性、三维囊性、圆柱性)分化的皮肤低度恶性附属器癌

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2006年第11期2卷 35-36页

作者： kazakov D.v. Kutzner H. Mukensnabl P. Michal M. 李晓莉 Sikl's Department of Pathology Charles University Medical Faculty Hospital Alej Svobody 80 304 60 Pilsen Czech RepublicDr.

The conjoint occurrence of follicular, sebaceous, or apocrine differentiations in a cutaneous adnexal neoplasm is a known event, more often encountered in benign neoplasms, whereas reports of cutaneous malignant adnexal tumors with bilineage or trilineage differentiation are few. A new case of a cutaneous malignant adnexal neoplasm with multidirectional differentiation is reported here. A 57-year-old woman presented with a long-standing, slowly growing, asymptomatic solitary tumor the size of a large nut in the coccygeal area,whichwas surgically excised. Ten years after the surgery, there was no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. Microscopically, the neoplasm was located in the dermis with focal extension into the subcutis. It was asymmetric, horizontally oriented, and mostly composed of small nodules that varied in shape from round and oval aggregations to elongated strands and irregular islands; the nodules were either clustered, formed a jigsaw puzzlelike pattern or were dispersed. The nodules were composed of small basaloid cells sometimes intermixed with larger cells with ample cytoplasm forming glandular structures. Rare nodules resembled elements seen in a spiradenoma by containing scattered lymphocytes and globules of hyalinized eosinophilic basal membrane material. The stroma was paucicellular, but focally it resembled that seen in perifollicular mesenchyme. Mitotic figures, including abnormal ones, were infrequent, but mild nuclear pleomorphism, nuclear crowding, and individual cell necrosis were easily appreciable in both small basaloid cells and cells with clear cytoplasm. Perineural invasion was apparent. We classified this tumor as a well-differentiated adnexal carcinoma demonstrating combined follicular and apocrine differentiation. It differs from previously published cases of malignant adnexal tumors with multidirectional differentiation and further exemplifies the spectrum of diversity encountered in malignant proliferations with differentiation

关键词：附属器基底细胞汗腺腺瘤顶质分泌间充质腺样结构滤泡多形性新生物真皮层

眼外皮脂腺癌及皮脂腺瘤的又一尚未被认识的特殊表现:皮脂腺肿瘤类癌样表现

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2005年第8期1卷 44-45页

作者： kazakov D.v. Kutzner H. Rutten A. M. Mi- chal 罗素菊 Dr.Sikl' s Department of Pathology Charles University Medical Faculty Hospital Alej Svobody 8O 304 60 Pilsen Czech Republic

This report emphasizes a carcinoid- like pattern, a previously unrecognized feature in cutaneous sebaceous neoplasms. We report 7 patients with sebaceous tumors in which neoplastic cells were arranged in a trabecular and ribbon- like pattern or formed rosettes/pseudorosettes. The cases included 6 men and 1 woman, with their ages at the diagnosis ranging from 43 to 87 years (median age, 59). All patients presented with a solitary lesion. Locations were the scalp (n=6) and forearm (n=1). The carcinoid- like arrangement of neoplastic cells was the sole pattern in 4 cases, and in 3 cases the so- called labyrinthine/sinusoidal and/or rippled patterns were seen in addition. Sebaceous differentiation in the form of mature sebocytes varied from almost none to approximately 10% . Although the neoplasm appeared benign architecturally, the presence of cytologic atypia qualified 2 tumors as low- grade carcinomas. Four lesions represented sebaceomas, and in 1 case microscopic delineation between a carcinoma and sebaceoma was difficult. No neuroendocrine differentiation was demonstrated immunohistochemically, histochemically, and ultrastructurally. Electron microscopic examination performed in 1 case of carcinoma revealed lipid vacuoles in a minority of cells. There were no membrane- bound neuroendocrine granules. Rare cells contained peculiar large helioid inclusions. We conclude that the carcinoid- like pattern is another distinctive pattern indicative of sebaceous neoplasms. This pattern seems to be closely relatedtotherippledandlabyrinthine/sinusoidalpatterns,asexemplified by our cases, in which these arrangements sometimes occurred simultaneously.

关键词：皮脂腺癌皮脂腺瘤皮脂腺肿瘤类癌皮脂腺细胞电子显微镜检查神经内分泌颗粒免疫组织化学超微结构检查大螺旋