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Stability of pyrrolidone derivatives against γ-ray irradiation

Science China Chemistry 2012年第9期55卷 1739-1745页

作者： NOGAMI Masanobu SUGIYAMA Yuichi KAWASAKI Takeshi HARADA Masayuki kawata yoshihisa MORITA Yasuji KIKUCHI Toshiaki IKEDA Yasuhisa Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors Tokyo Institute of Technology2-12-1-N1-34O-okayamaMeguro-kuTokyo 152-8550Japan Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai-muraNaka-gunIbaraki 319-1195Japan Mitsubishi Materials Corporation 1002-14MukoyamaNaka-shiIbaraki 311-0102Japan

To evaluate the stability of N-alkylated pyrrolidone derivatives （NRPs）, which are supposed to be used as precipitants for U（VI） and Pu（IV, VI） species in HNO3 media, under irradiation environment, some candidate NRPs were irradiated by γ-ray. Irradia- tion to HNO3 solutions up to 6 mol dm-3 （= M） containing 2 M N-n-butyl-2-pyrrolidone （NBP）, one of NRPs with lower hy- drophobicity, has revealed that the residual ratios of NBP in the samples of HNO3 up to 3 M decreased identically and linearly. Approximately 20% of NBP was found to be degraded after the irradiation at 1 MGy. It was also found that the decrease in the precipitation ratio of UOf＋（P.R., %） was gentle and that the P.R. values were relatively in accordance with the residual ratios of NBP. On the other hand, the degradation of the samples irradiated in 6 M HNO3 was found more distinguished. It was pro- posed from the analyses of degraded compounds that the degradation of NBP in HNO3 by γ-ray irradiation started from the cleavage of the pyrrolidone ring by the addition of oxygen atom originating from HNO3, followed by the formation of chain compounds by the successive addition of oxygen, leading to the generation of oxalic acid and acetic acid. The stability of other NRPs in 3 M HNO3 was evaluated to be nearly identical with that of NBP except lower P.R. values of the samples containing NRPs with higher hydrophobicity irradiated at more than 0.5 MGy.

关键词： pyrrolidone derivatives precipitants γ-ray irradiation HNO3 U(VI)

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Numerical simulation of a possible origin of the positive radial metallicity gradient of the thick disk

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2014年第11期14卷 1406-1414页

作者： Awat Rahimi Kenneth Carrell Daisuke kawata National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College London Holmbury St.Mary DorkingSurrey RH5 6NT UK

We analyze the radial and vertical metallicity and [α/Fe] gradients of the disk stars of a disk galaxy simulated in a fully cosmological setting with the chemo- dynamical galaxy evolution code GCD＋. We study how the radial abundance gradients vary as a function of height above the plane and find that the metallicity （[α/Fe]） gra- dient becomes more positive （negative） with increasing height, changing sign around 1.5 kpc above the plane. At the largest vertical height （2 〈丨z丨〈 3 kpc）, our simulated galaxy shows a positive radial metallicity gradient. We find that the positive metallicity gradient is caused by the age-metallicity and age-velocity dispersion relation, where younger stars have higher metallicity and lower velocity dispersion. Due to the age- velocity dispersion relation, a greater fraction of younger stars reaches 丨z丨〉 2 kpc at the outer region, because of the lower gravitational restoring force of the disk, i.e. flaring. As a result, the fraction of younger stars with higher metallicity due to the age-metallicity relation becomes higher at the outer radii, which makes the median metallicity higher at the outer radii. Combining this result with the recently observed age-metallicity and age-velocity dispersion relation for the Milky Way thick disk stars suggested by Haywood et al., we argue that the observed （small） positive radial metal- licity gradient at large heights of the Milky Way disk stars can be explained by flaring of the younger thick and/or thin disk stars.

关键词： Galaxy disk -- Galaxy kinematics and dynamics -- galaxies interac-tions- galaxies formation- galaxies evolution- galaxies abundances

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Study and evaluation of a plant form modeling system based on the Lindenmayer system

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2018年第3期9卷 107-114页

作者： Taiyo Maeda Yasuhiko Manabe Shigeo kawata Department of System Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Saitama Institute of Technology 1690 Fusaiji FukayaSaitama 369-0293Japan Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering National Institute of Technology Numazu CollegeJapan Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Utsunomiya UniversityJapan

In order to evaluate and recognize plant growth automatically based on photos of plants in plant science and engineering,we propose a diagnostic system for plant growth in which simulated plant growth is used as a reference for real growing *** our diagnostic system,we employ the Lindenmayer system[Lecture Notes in Computer Science,15,53–68,1974]to model healthy growing *** the Lindenmayer system plant growth is expressed by string expressions designed as a numerical model for the *** proposal system provides users the string expressions by using image *** users compare with two strings such as DNA sequence genetic code,users obtain developmental change of plat *** results show that our automatic plant diagnostic system is effective in checking actual healthy plant growth,and suggest that the diagnostic system should be useful in large-scale plant factories.

关键词： Plant growth Lindenmayer system string expression for plant modeling

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Dynamic stabilization of plasma instability

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2019年第1期7卷 17-26页

作者： S.kawata T.Karino Y.J.Gu Graduate School of Engineering Utsunomiya University Institute of Physics of the ASCR ELI-Beamlines Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS

The paper presents a review of dynamic stabilization mechanisms for plasma instabilities. One of the dynamic stabilization mechanisms for plasma instability was proposed in the paper [kawata, Phys. Plasmas 19, 024503(2012)],based on a perturbation phase control. In general, instabilities emerge from the perturbations. Normally the perturbation phase is unknown, and so the instability growth rate is discussed. However, if the perturbation phase is known, the instability growth can be controlled by a superimposition of perturbations imposed actively. Based on this mechanism we present the application results of the dynamic stabilization mechanism to the Rayleigh–Taylor instability(RTI) and to the filamentation instability as typical examples in this paper. On the other hand, in the paper [Boris, Comments Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 3, 1(1977)] another mechanism was proposed to stabilize RTI, and was realized by the pulse train or the laser intensity modulation in laser inertial fusion [Betti et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 3131(1993)]. In this latter mechanism, an oscillating strong force is applied to modify the basic equation, and consequently the new stabilization window is created. Originally the latter was proposed by Kapitza. We review the two stabilization mechanisms, and present the application results of the former dynamic stabilization mechanism.

关键词： dynamic instability stabilization filamentation instability plasma instability Rayleigh-Taylor instability stabilization of instability

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Surface plasmon coupled fluorescence in deep-ultraviolet excitation by Kretschmann configuration

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Frontiers of physics 2014年第1期9卷 60-63页

作者： Atsushi Ono Masakazu Kikawada Wataru Inami Yoshimasa kawata Research Institute of Electronics Shizuoka University 3-5-1 Johoku Naka Hamamatsu 432-8001 Japan Department of Electronics and Materials Science Graduate School of Engineering Shizuoka University 3-5-1 Johoku Naka Hamamatsu 432-8561 Japan CREST Japan Science and Technology Agency Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Shizuoka University 3-5-1 Johoku Naka Hamamatsu 432-8561 Japan

We report the experimental demonstration of fluorescence of CdSe quantum dots with surface plasmon excitation in deep-ultraviolet （deep-UV） region. Surface plasmon resonance in deep-UV is excited by aluminum thin film in the Kretschmann-Raether geometry. Considering the oxidation thickness of aluminum, the experimental results of incident angle dependence of reflectance show good agreement with Fresnel theory. Surface plasmon resonance with 19 nm-thick aluminum and 5 nm-thick almnina was excited at the incident angle of 48 degrees for 266 nm excitation. Fluorescence of CdSe quantum dots coated on this aluminum film was observed by the surface plasmon excitation.

关键词： surface plasmon polarities deep-ultraviolet light fluorescence

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On the calibration of the parameters governing the PWRI distributed hydrological model for flood prediction

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2020年第2期1卷 80-90页

作者： Amaly Fong Lee Adan Vega Saenz Yoshiaki kawata Zoartech Consulting INC Panama CityPanama Panama Maritime Authority Panama CityPanama Kansai University OsakaJapan

The Public Works Research Institute Distributed Hydrological(PWRI-DH)for flood modeling is a combination of the tank model and the kinematic wave *** the PWRI-DH model,fitting the required parameters plays a fundamental *** developers of the PWRI-DH model have introduced the capability of obtaining parameters automatically using the baseline parameters;however,the results are not always the expected results because they depend on several factors and must be calibrated *** last issue has limited the interest of researchers regarding in the usage of the PWRI-DH *** this paper,we present a methodology to obtain the parameters required for the PWRI-DH model that enables to focusing only on the key ***,a parametric study is performed by identifying the influence of each parameter in the *** this study,we found that only four parameters play a fundamental role in the flood modeling using the PWRI-DH *** flood events in the Upper Aikawa River basin are used to calibrate the *** results showed that the proposed methodology is suitable and improve the efficient on the flood simulation of Aikawa River and similar rivers,when using the PWRI-DH model.

关键词： Flood prediction PWRI-DH model Discharge modeling Parameters Calibration

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Sensitivity Dependence of Surface Plasmon Resonance Based Sensors on Prism Refractive Index

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2002年第1期7卷 47-50页

作者： Wang Guo-ping Sugiura Tadao kawata Satoshi School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei China

We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that refractive index of the prism used to load metal film has significant influence on sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance based sensors. The prism with lower refractive index gives the sensors a higher sensitivity in detecting refractive index variations of a sample. We attribute this effect to the fact that a prism with low refractive index will increase coupling distance between surface plasmons and the medium under investigation.

关键词： surface plasmon resonance sensors sensitivity prism propagation length

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Review of heavy-ion inertial fusion physics

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2016年第2期1卷 89-113页

作者： S.kawata T.Karino A.I.Ogoyski Graduate School of Engineering Utsunomiya UniversityYohtoh 7-1-2Utsunomiya321-8585Japan CORE(Center for Optical Research and Education) Utsunomiya UniversityYohtoh 7-1-2Utsunomiya321-8585Japan Department of Physics Technical University of VarnaUlitskaStudentska 1VarnaBulgaria

In this review paper on heavy ion inertial fusion(HIF),the state-of-the-art scientific results are presented and discussed on the HIF physics,including physics of the heavy ion beam(HIB)transport in a fusion reactor,the HIBs-ion illumination on a direct-drive fuel target,the fuel target physics,the uniformity of the HIF target implosion,the smoothing mechanisms of the target implosion non-uniformity and the robust target *** HIB has remarkable preferable features to release the fusion energy in inertial fusion:in particle accelerators HIBs are generated with a high driver efficiency of~30%-40%,and the HIB ions deposit their energy inside of ***,a requirement for the fusion target energy gain is relatively low,that would be~50-70 to operate a HIF fusion reactor with the standard energy output of 1 GWof *** HIF reactor operation frequency would be~10-15 Hz or ***-MJ HIBs illuminate a fusion fuel target,and the fuel target is imploded to about a thousand times of the solid *** the DT fuel is ignited and *** HIB ion deposition range is defined by the HIB ions stopping length,which would be~1 mm or so depending on the ***,a relatively large density-scale length appears in the fuel target *** of the critical issues in inertial fusion would be a spherically uniform target compression,which would be degraded by a non-uniform *** implosion non-uniformity would be introduced by the Rayleigh-Taylor(R-T)instability,and the large densitygradient-scale length helps to reduce the R-T growth *** the other hand,the large scale length of the HIB ions stopping range suggests that the temperature at the energy deposition layer in a HIF target does not reach a very-high temperature:normally about 300 eV or so is realized in the energy absorption region,and that a direct-drive target would be appropriate in *** addition,the HIB accelerators are operated repetitively and *** precis

关键词： Heavy ion inertial fusion Heavy ion fusion reactor system Fusion fuel target implosion Implosion dynamics Heavy ion beam transport Rayleigh-Taylor instability stabilization Robust fusion system

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Silver hierarchical structures grown on microstructured silicon in chip for microfluidic integrated catalyst and SERS detector

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Chinese Optics Letters 2015年第10期13卷 86-90页

作者：闫兆旭李春昊骆杨赵纪红杨海 Prabhat Verma Satoshi kawata State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin University Department of Applied Physics Osaka University Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals

In this Letter, silver（Ag） hierarchical nanostructures grown on black silicon（BS） are used as the catalyst and a surface-enhanced Raman scattering（SERS） detector integrated in a microfluid. The BS is fabricated via femtosecond laser ablation in an atmosphere of sulfur hexafluoride, and then hydrogenated with hydrofluoric acid. As formed, the BS substrate directly acts as a reducing template to grow silver hierarchical ***, Ag-BS composite micro/nano-structures can be in-situ constructed in silicon-based *** structures simultaneously serve as integrated catalytic reactors and a SERS substrate for sensing. The sensitivity is tested to be as low as 10-8mol∕L using Rhodamine 6G.

关键词： SERS hierarchical silver microfluid template ablation utilized Silver fabrication instance

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Quasi-monoenergetic Tens-of-MeV Proton Beams by a Laser-Illuminated Funnel-Like Target

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第3期29卷 142-145页

作者： BAN Hong-Ye GU Yan-Jun KONG Qing LI Ying-Ying ZHU Zhen S.kawata Applied Ion Beam Physics Laboratory Key Laboratory of the Ministry of EducationInstitute of Modern PhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433 Department of Interdisciplinary Sciences Utsunomiya UniversityYohtoh 712Utsunomiya 3218585Japan

From numerical simulations,we study the generation of quasi-monoenergetic MeV proton beams from a laserilluminated funnel-like *** show that,when passing through such a target,the laser beam can be focused and constricted within a cylindrical bore at the funnel apex from which proton beams are *** by a much-enhanced laser intensity,the proton beams experience more acceleration time than with normal funnel *** from the cylinder bore,combined with an enhancement of a separated charge field from Al electrons,protons can attain higher energies up to several tens of *** the same time,strong suppression of the transverse divergence of the laser and proton beams yields a localized,collimated,mono-energetic proton beam.

关键词： strict cylindrical cylinder

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