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Root length density distribution and associated soil water dynamics for tomato plants under furrow irrigation in a solar greenhouse

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Journal of Arid Land 2017年第5期9卷 637-650页

作者： QIU Rangjian DU Taisheng kang shaozhong Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China

Furrow irrigation is a traditional widely-used irrigation method in the world. Understanding the dynamics of soil water distribution is essential to developing effective furrow irrigation strategies, especially in water-limited regions. The objectives of this study are to analyze root length density distribution and to explore soil water dynamics by simulating soil water content using a HYDRUS-2D model with consideration of root water uptake for furrow irrigated tomato plants in a solar greenhouse in Northwest China. Soil water contents were also in-situ observed by the ECH_2O sensors from 4 June to 19 June and from 21 June to 4 July, 2012. Results showed that the root length density of tomato plants was concentrated in the 0–50 cm soil layers, and radiated 0–18 cm toward the furrow and 0–30 cm along the bed axis. Soil water content values simulated by the HYDRUS-2D model agreed well with those observed by the ECH_2O sensors, with regression coefficient of 0.988, coefficient of determination of 0.89, and index of agreement of 0.97. The HYDRUS-2D model with the calibrated parameters was then applied to explore the optimal irrigation scheduling. Infrequent irrigation with a large amount of water for each irrigation event could result in 10%–18% of the irrigation water losses. Thus we recommend high irrigation frequency with a low amount of water for each irrigation event in greenhouses for arid region. The maximum high irrigation amount and the suitable irrigation interval required to avoid plant water stress and drainage water were 34 mm and 6 days, respectively, for given daily average transpiration rate of 4.0 mm/d. To sum up, the HYDRUS-2D model with consideration of root water uptake can be used to improve irrigation scheduling for furrow irrigated tomato plants in greenhouses in arid regions.

关键词： root length density distribution HYDRUS-2D model soil water content irrigation scheduling greenhouse

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A Full-Scale Optimization of a Crop Spatial Planting Structure and its Associated Effects

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Engineering 2023年第9期28卷 139-152页

作者： Qi Liu Jun Niu Taisheng Du shaozhong kang Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources Beijing 100083China National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province Wuwei 733000China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Saving of the Ministry of Water Resources Beijing 100083China

Driven by the concept of agricultural sustainable development,crop planting structure optimization(CPSO)has become an effective measure to reduce regional crop water demand,ensure food security,and protect the ***,traditional optimization of crop planting structures often ignores the impact on regional food supply–demand relations and interprovincial food ***,using a system analysis concept and taking virtual water output as the connecting point,this study proposes a theoretical CPSO framework based on a multi-aspect and full-scale evaluation index *** this end,a water footprint(WF)simulation module denoted as soil and water assessment tool–water footprint(SWAT-WF)is constructed to simulate the amount and components of regional crop WFs.A multi-objective spatial CPSO model with the objectives of maximizing the regional economic water productivity(EWP),minimizing the blue water dependency(BWFrate),and minimizing the grey water footprint(GWFgrey)is established to achieve an optimal planting *** various benefits,a fullscale evaluation index system based on region,province,and country scales is *** an entropy weight technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)comprehensive evaluation model,the optimal plan is selected from a variety of CPSO *** proposed framework is then verified through a case study of the upper–middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin in Gansu province,*** combining the theory of virtual water trading with system analysis,the optimal planting structure is *** sacrificing reasonable regional economic benefits,the optimization of the planting structure significantly improves the regional water resource benefits and ecological benefits at different scales.

关键词： Planting structure optimization Full-scale evaluation index system Water footprint SWAT-WF module Interprovincial food trade Entropy weight TOPSIS

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Integrated model simulates bigger, sweeter tomatoes under changing climate under reduced nitrogen and water input

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Horticulture Research 2023年第5期10卷 61-71页

作者： Huiping Zhou shaozhong kang Michel Génard Gilles Vercambre Jinliang Chen Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province Wuwei 733009China INRAE UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture HorticolesAvignon Cedex 9 F-84914France

When simulating the response of fruit growth and quality to environmental factors and cultivation practices,the interactions between the mother plant and fruit need to be considered as a whole ***,we developed the integrative Tomato plant and fruit Growth and Fruit Sugar metabolism(TGFS)model by coupling equations describing the biophysical processes of leaf gas exchange,water transport,carbon allocation,organ growth and fruit sugar *** model also accounts for effects of soil nitrogen and atmospheric CO_(2) concentration on gaseous exchange of water and carbon by the *** different nitrogen and water input values,TGFS performed well at simulating the dry mass of the tomato leaf,stem,root,and fruit,and the concentrations of soluble sugar and starch in *** simulations showed that increasing air temperature and CO_(2) concentration has positive effects on fruit growth,but not on sugar *** model-based analyses of cultivation scenarios suggest that,in the context of climate change,decreasing N by 15%–25%and decreasing irrigation by 10%–20%relative to current levels would increase tomato fresh weight by 27.8%–36.4% while increasing soluble sugar concentration by up to 10%.TGFS provides a promising tool to optimise N and water inputs for sustainable high-quality tomatoes.

关键词： soil sugar metabolism

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Effects of deficit irrigation with saline water on spring wheat growth and yield in arid Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第2期5卷 143-154页

作者： Jing JIANG ZaiLin HUO ShaoYuan FENG shaozhong kang FenXing WANG ChaoBo ZHANG College of Water Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Centre for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural University College of Water Science and Engineering Yangzhou University

Field experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2009 to study the effects of deficit irrigation with saline water on spring wheat growth and yield in an arid region of Northwest China. Nine treatments included three salinity levels sl, s2 and s3 （0.65, 3.2, and 6.1 dS/m） in combination with three water levels wl, w2 and w3 （375, 300, and 225 mm）. In 2008, for most treatments, deficit irrigation showed adverse effects on wheat growth; meanwhile, the effect of saline irrigation was not apparent. In 2009, growth parameters of wl treatments were not always optimal under saline irrigation. At 3.2 and 6.1 dS/m in 2008, the highest yield was obtained by wl treatments, however, in 2009, the weight of 1,000 grains and wheat yield both followed the order w2 〉 wl 〉 w3. In this study, spring wheat was sensitive to water deficit, especially at the booting to grain-filling stages, but was not significantly affected by saline irrigation and the combination of the two factors. The results demonstrated that 300-mm irrigation water with a salinity of less than 3.2 dS/m is suitable for wheat fields in the study area.

关键词： saline water irrigation leaf area index (LAI) leaf potential yield components

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Responses of water productivity to irrigation and N supply for hybrid maize seed production in an arid region of Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2017年第4期9卷 504-514页

作者： RAN Hui kang shaozhong LI Fusheng DU Taisheng DING Risheng LI Sien TONG Ling Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural University College of Agriculture Guangxi University

Water and nitrogen（N） are generally two of the most important factors in determining the crop productivity. Proper water and N managements are prerequisites for agriculture sustainable development in arid areas. Field experiments were conducted to study the responses of water productivity for crop yield（WP_（Y-ET）） and final biomass（WP_（B-ET）） of film-mulched hybrid maize seed production to different irrigation and N treatments in the Hexi Corridor, Northwest China during April to September in 2013 and also during April to September in 2014. Three irrigation levels（70%–65%, 60%–55%, and 50%–45% of the field capacity） combined with three N rates（500, 400, and 300 kg N/hm^2） were tested in 2013. The N treatments were adjusted to 500, 300, and 100 kg N/hm^2 in 2014. Results showed that the responses of WP_（Y-ET） and WP_（B-ET） to different irrigation amounts were different. WP_（Y-ET） was significantly reduced by lowering irrigation amounts while WP_（B-ET） stayed relatively insensitive to irrigation amounts. However, WP_（Y-ET） and WP_（B-ET） behaved consistently when subjected to different N treatments. There was a slight effect of reducing N input from 500 to 300 kg/hm^2 on the WP_（Y-ET） and WP_（B-ET）, however, when reducing N input to 100 kg/hm^2, the values of WP_（Y-ET） and WP_（B-ET） were significantly reduced. Water is the primary factor and N is the secondary factor in determining both yield（Y） and final biomass（B）. Partial factor productivity from applied N（PFP_N） was the maximum under the higher irrigation level and in lower N rate（100–300 kg N/hm^2） in both years（2013 and 2014）. Lowering the irrigation amount significantly reduced evapotranspiration（ET）, but ET did not vary with different N rates（100–500 kg N/hm^2）. Both Y and B had robust linear relationships with ET, but the correlation between B and ET（R^2=0.8588） was much better than that between Y and ET（R^2=0.6062）. When ET increased, WP_（Y-ET） linearly increased and WP_（B-ET） decreased. Taking the indices of

关键词： water use efficiency water stress nitrogen use efficiency evapotranspiration water productivity for yield water productivity for biomass arid region

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Modeling of hydrological processes in arid agricultural regions

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2015年第4期2卷 283-294页

作者： Jiang LI Xiaomin MAO shaozhong kang David ABARRY College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Laboratoire de technologieécologique Institut d’ingénierie de l’environnementStation 2Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)CH-1015 LausanneSwitzerland

Understanding of hydrological processes,including consideration of interactions between vegetation growth and water transfer in the root zone,underpins efficient use of water resources in arid-zone *** transfers take place in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum,and include groundwater dynamics,unsaturated zone flow,evaporation/transpiration from vegetated/bare soil and surface water,agricultural canal/surface water flow and seepage,and well *** can be categorized into three classes:(1)regional distributed hydrological models with various land uses,(2)groundwater-soil-plant-atmosphere continuum models that neglect lateral water fluxes,and(3)coupled models with groundwater flow and unsaturated zone water *** review highlights,in addition,future research challenges in modeling arid-zone agricultural systems,e.g.,to effectively assimilate data from remote sensing,and to fully reflect climate change effects at various model scales.

关键词： hydrological processes irrigation area SPAC crop growth groundwater canal seepage

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Effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on hybrid maize seed production in north-west China

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2016年第1期3卷 55-64页

作者： Hui RAN shaozhong kang Fusheng LI Ling TONG Taisheng DU Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural University College of Agriculture Guangxi University

Scientific irrigation and nitrogen management is important for agricultural production in arid areas. To quantify the effect of water and nitrogen management on yield components, biomass partitioning and harvest index(HI) of maize for seed production with plastic filmmulching, field experiments including different irrigation and N treatments were conducted in arid north-west China in 2013 and 2014. The results indicated that kernel number per plant(KN) was signi ficantly affected by irrigation and N treatments. However, 100-kernel weight was relatively stable. Reducing irrigation quantity signi ficantly increased stem partitioning index(PI_(stem)) and leaf partitioning index(PIl_(eaf)), and decreased ear partitioning index(PI_(ear)) at harvest, but lowering Nrate(from 500 to 100 kg N$hm^(–2))did not signi ficantly reduce PI_(stem), PI leaf, andPIl_(eaf) at harvest. HI was signi ficantly reduced by reducing irrigation quantity, but not by reducing Nrate. Linear relationships were found between KN, PI_(stem), PI leaf,PIl_(eaf) at harvest and HI and evapotranspiration(ET).

关键词： yield components biomass partitioning harvest index irrigation nitrogen maize for seed production

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Planting density affected biomass and grain yield of maize for seed production in an arid region of Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第2期10卷 292-303页

作者： JIANG Xuelian TONG Ling kang shaozhong LI Fusheng LI Donghao QIN Yonghui SHI Rongchao LI Jianbing Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong Weifang University College of Agriculture Guangxi University Environmental Science and Engineering Program University of Northern British Columbia

Field experiments were conducted from 2012 to 2015 in an arid region of Northwest China to investigate the effects of planting density on plant growth, yield, and water use efficiency（WUE） of maize for seed production. Five planting densities of 6.75, 8.25, 9.75, 11.25 and 12.75 plants/m^2 were conducted in 2012, and a planting density of 14.25 plants/m^2 was added from 2013 to 2015. Through comparison with the Aqua Crop yield model, a modified model was developed to estimate the biomass accumulation and yield under different planting densities using adjustment coefficient for normalized biomass water productivity and harvest index. It was found that the modified yield model had a better performance and could generate results with higher determination coefficient and lower error. The results indicated that higher planting density increased the leaf area index and biomass accumulation, but decreased the biomass accumulation per plant. The total yield increased rapidly as planting density increased to 11.25 plants/m^2, but only a slight increase was observed when the density was greater than 11.25 plants/m^2. The WUE also reached the maximum when planting density was 11.25 plants/m^2, which was the recommended planting density of maize for seed production in Northwest China.

关键词： planting density yield model biomass accumulation grain yield water use efficiency Northwest China

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Estimation of crop water requirement based on principal component analysis and geographically weighted regression

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第12期58卷 3371-3379页

作者： WANG JingLei kang shaozhong SUN JingSheng CHEN ZhiFang College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering Northwest Agricultural & Forestry University Farmland Irrigation Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources College Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering China Agricultural University

In this study the principal component analysis (PCA) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) are combined to estimate the spatial distribution of water requirement of the winter wheat in North China while the effect of the macroand micro-topographic as well as the meteorological factors on the crop water requirement is taking into account. The spatial distribution characteristic of the water requirement of the winter wheat in North China and its formation are analyzed based on the spatial variation of the main affecting factors and the regression coefficients. The findings reveal that the collinearity can be effectively removed when PCA is applied to process all of the affecting factors. The regression coefficients of GWR displayed a strong variability in space, which can better explain the spatial differences of the effect of the affecting factors on the crop water requirement. The evaluation index of the proposed method in this study is more efficient than the widely used Kriging method. Besides, it could clearly show the effect of those affecting factors in different spatial locations on the crop water requirement and provide more detailed information on the region where those factors suddenly change. To sum up, it is of great reference significance for the estimation of the regional crop water requirement.

关键词：作物需水量主成分分析水量估算加权回归地理空间分布特征影响因素回归系数

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Comparison of evapotranspiration and energy partitioning related to main biotic and abiotic controllers in vineyards using different irrigation methods

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020年第4期7卷 490-504页

作者： Lei GAO Peng ZHAO shaozhong kang Sien LI Ling TONG Risheng DING Hongna LU Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Wuwei Experimental Station for Efficient Water Use in Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuwei 733000China

Knowledge of evapotranspiration(ET)and energy partitioning is useful for optimizing water management,especially in areas where water is scarce.A study was undertaken in a furrow-irrigated vineyard(2015)and a drip-irrigated vineyard(2017)in an arid region of northwest China to compare vineyard ET and energy partitioning and their responses to soil water content(SWC)and leaf area index(LAI).ET and soil evaporation(E)and transpiration(T)were determined using eddy covariance,microlysimeters,and sap *** average E/ET,T/ET,crop coefficient(Kc),evaporation coefficient(Ke),and basal crop coefficient(Kcb)were 0.50,0.50,0.67,0.35,and 0.29,respectively,in the furrow-irrigated vineyard and 0.42,0.58,0.57,0.29,and 0.43 in the dripirrigated *** seasonal average partitioning of net radiation(Rn)into the latent heat flux(LE),sensible heat flux(H)and soil heat flux(G)(LE/Rn,H/Rn,and G/Rn),evaporative fraction(EF)and Bowen ratio(β)were 0.57,0.26,0.17,0.69 and 0.63,respectively,in the furrowirrigated vineyard and 0.46,0.36,0.17,0.57 and 0.97 in the drip-irrigated *** LE/Rn,H/Rn,EF,andβwere linearly correlated with *** E,Kc,Ke,E/ET,LE/Rn,LEs/Rn(ratio of LE by soil E to Rn),H/Rn,EF andβwere closely correlated with topsoil SWC(10 cm depth).Responses of ET and energy partitioning to the LAI and SWC differed under the two irrigation *** irrigation reduced seasonal average E/ET and increased average T/*** the perspective of energy partitioning,seasonal average H/Rn increased whereas LE/Rn,especially LEs/Rn,*** with furrow irrigation,drip irrigation decreased the proportion of unproductive water consumption thereby contributing to enhanced water use efficiency and accumulation of dry matter.

关键词： crop coefficient eddy covariance microlysimeter sap flow soil evaporation transpiration

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