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Two Monte Carlo-based simulators for imaging-system modeling and projection simulation of flat-panel X-ray source

Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第7期35卷 31-46页

作者： Meng-Ke Qi Ting He Yi-Wen Zhou Jing kang Zeng-Xiang Pan song kang Wang-Jiang wu Jun chen ling-Hong Zhou Yuan Xu School of Biomedical Engineering Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China Department of Radiotherapy Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital(Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China

The advantages of a flat-panel X-ray source(FPXS)make it a promising candidate for imaging *** imaging-system modeling and projection simulation are critical for analyzing imaging performance and resolving overlapping projection issues in *** conventional analytical ray-tracing approach is limited by the number of patterns and is not applicable to FPXS-projection ***,the computation time of Monte Carlo(MC)simulation is independent of the size of the patterned arrays in *** study proposes two high-efficiency MC projection simulators for FPXS:a graphics processing unit(GPU)-based phase-space sampling MC(gPSMC)simulator and GPU-based fluence sampling MC(gFSMC)*** two simulators comprise three components:imaging-system modeling,photon initialization,and physical-interaction simulations in the ***-system modeling was performed by modeling the FPXS,imaging geometry,and *** gPSMC simulator samples the initial photons from the phase space,whereas the gFSMC simulator performs photon initialization from the calculated energy spectrum and fluence *** entire process of photon interaction with the geometry and arrival at the detector was simulated in parallel using multiple GPU kernels,and projections based on the two simulators were *** accuracies of the two simulators were evaluated by comparing them with the conventional analytical ray-tracing approach and acquired projections,and the efficiencies were evaluated by comparing the computation *** results of simulated and realistic experiments illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed gPSMC and gFSMC simulators in the projection calculation of various phantoms.

关键词： Flat-panel X-ray source(FPXS) Imaging-system modeling Projection simulation Monte Carlo-based simulators

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Renewable conversion of coal gangue to 13-X molecular sieve for Cd^(2+)-containing wastewater adsorption performance

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Rare Metals 2024年第2期43卷 702-710页

作者： Le kang Si-Fan Liu da-Wei Yi Kai Wang Hui-ling Du Hao-Qi Huang Peng chen College of Materials Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Science and TechnologyXi’an710054China School of Electrical Engineering Weihai Innovation Research InstituteQingdao UniversityQingdao266000China School of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819China School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Tongren UniversityTongren554300China

Using coal gangue(CG)as raw material,a new type of all solid-waste-based 13-X molecular sieve material was controllably prepared by alkali fusion-hydrothermal *** synthetic molecular sieve was used as a solid adsorbent to treat Cd^(2+)-containing wastewater,and its adsorption behavior on Cd^(2+)in aqueous solution was studied and *** microstructure and morphology of the molecular sieve were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD),field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM)and specific surface area *** results show that the synthesized 13-X molecular sieve has higher Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET)specific surface area with higher crystallinity and higher adsorption capacity for the heavy metal Cd^(2+).The adsorption process of Cd^(2+)by molecular sieve conforms to the Langmuir isotherm adsorption equation and Lagergren pseudo-second-order rate *** with thermodynamic calculation,it can be concluded that the adsorption process is physically monolayer,spontaneous and *** this study,a low-cost and naturally available synthesis method of 13-X molecular sieve is *** with its adsorption mechanism for Cd^(2+),it provides a feasible and general method for removing heavy metal ions from coal gangue and also provides a new way for the utilization of coal gangue with high added value.

关键词： Coal gangue Hydrothermal synthesis 13-X molecular sieve Adsorption Wastewater containing Cd^(2+)

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Large-Scale Terrain Simplification and Visualization Based on TIN

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Computer Aided Drafting,Design and Manufacturing 2008年第2期18卷 1-8页

作者： kang lai, wu ling-da, yang bing, song han-chen (College of Information Systems & Management, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China)

In the preprocessing phase, the global terrain model is partitioned into blocks with their feature points being picked out to generate TIN model for each terrain block, then the multi-resolution models of terrain organized in the form of quad-tree is created bottom-up. Cracks between terrain blocks are avoided by inserting vertices to form common boundaries. At run-time, a view-dependent LOD algorithm is used to control the loading and unloading of the proper blocks by an additional synchronous thread. To eliminate the artifacts created by LOD transitions, geomorphing is used in real-time. These rendering strategies increase the throughput of GPU and avoid imbalance of load among CPU, GPU and Disk I/O. Experimental results show that the system can perform visually smooth rendering of large-scale terrain scenes with fine quality at an average rate of 80 fps.

关键词： real-time rendering 3D terrain multi-resolution triangulated irregular network quad-tree

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Chemoselective and Living/Controlled Polymerization of Alkenyl Methacrylates by the Phosphonium Ylide/Organoaluminum Lewis Pairs

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第2期42卷 159-167,I0005页

作者： Zhi-kang chen wu-Chao Zhao Yi-ling Zhao Cong-Lei Liu Liu-Yin Jiang Yue-Tao Zhang Hong-Ping Zhu State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012China

Chemoselective,living/controlled polymerizations of allyl methacrylate(AMA) and vinyl methacrylate(VMA) with/without methyl methacrylate(MMA) by using the phosphonium ylide/organoaluminum based Lewis pairs(LPs) have been *** P-ylide-2/AIMe(BHT)_(2)(Pylide-2=Ph_(3)P=CHMe and BHT=2,6-iBu_(2)-4-MeC_(6)H_(2)O) was demonstrated to be superior by which homopolymers PAMAs(M_(n)=27.6-111.5kg/mol and ■=1.14-1.25) and PVMAs(M_(n)=28.4-78.4 kg/mol and ■=1.12-1.18) and block copolymers PMMA-b-PAMA,PAMA-b-PVMA,PAMA-bPMMA,PMMA-b-PAMA-b-PMMA,PAMA-b-PMMA-b-PAMA,and PAMA-b-PVMA-b-PAMA were *** the polymerizations,all of the monomers were reacted by the conjugated ester vinyl groups leaving intactly the nonconjugated acryloxy *** pendant acryloxy groups attached to the main chain enable further to post-functionalization by the AIBN-induced radical "thiol-ene" reaction using PhCH_(2)*** thiolether side group-containing polymers PAMA-SCH_(2)Ph and PAMA-SCH_(2)Ph-b-PMMA-b-PAMA-SCH_(2)Ph were thus prepared.

关键词： Phosphonium ylide Alkenyl methacrylate Chemoselectivity Living/controlled polymerization Post-functionalization

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Reaction behavior of MgO refractory with high-Mn and high-Al steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第6期31卷 1389-1398页

作者： ling-zhong Kong Lin Zu Jie yang Xi-min Zang Xin yang Ming kang School of Materials and Metallurgy University of Science and Technology LiaoningAnshan 114051LiaoningChina

To understand the mechanism of the interfacial reaction between high-Mn and high-Al steel and MgO refractory,a series of laboratory experiments as well as thermodynamic calculations were *** effects of Mn and Al contents in the steel and the reaction time on the interfacial reaction were *** was observed that the erosion of the MgO refractory is caused by the reaction of Al and Mn in the steel with MgO in the refractory,which would lead to the formation of(Mn,Mg)O·Al_(2)O_(3) spinel and(Mn,Mg)O solid *** formation mechanism of the spinel and solid solution is as *** Al in the steel firstly reacts with MgO in the refractory to generate MgO·Al_(2)O_(3) spinel,and then,the spinel reacts with Mn in the steel to form(Mn,Mg)O·Al_(2)O_(3) ***,the MnO in the spinel reacts with the MgO in the inner refractory to form(Mn,Mg)O solid *** addition,only(Mn,Mg)O·Al_(2)O_(3) spinel is present in the interfacial reaction layer of the refractory when the Al content in the steel is sufficient.

关键词： High-Mn high-Al steel MgO refractory Reaction behavior Spinel

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Effects of the fertilizer and water management on amino acids and volatile components in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第1期17卷 69-79页

作者： Kui Zhang Wenhuai kang Weihua han Haijun Ma daozhi Gong ling Qin College of Food Science and Biology Hebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang 050018China Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China College of Biological Science and Engineering North Minzu UniversityYinchuan 750021China

The amino acids and the volatile substances in grapes and wines play important roles in their quality,and the concentrations of these substances can be changed by how a vineyard is managed,e.g.,irrigation and fertigation *** study aimed to evaluate the effect of fertilizer and water management on the distribution of amino acids,the volatile component profiles,and the sensory characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and *** results showed that the amino acid concentration in grape berries was the highest under the 100%local fertilizer rate(HF)and 100%water irrigation quota(HW)treatment,and the volatile component concentration in wine was the highest under HF and 80%water irrigation quota(MW)*** effect of irrigation on the amino acid content in grapes was greater than that of *** synergistic effect of fertilizer and water on arginine,serine,and glutamine in grape berries was *** interactive effect of fertigation and irrigation on the volatile substance in grapes was greater than that of fertigation and irrigation *** influence of irrigation on volatile substances in wines was greater than that of *** addition,there was also a correlation between the concentrations of multiple amino acids in grapes and volatile components in *** component analysis showed that the wine from the HFMW treatment had the best quality among all treatments.

关键词： fertilizer and water management grape ine amino acids volatile components

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Functionalization design of zinc anode for advanced aqueous zinc-ion batteries

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SusMat 2024年第2期4卷 89-124页

作者： Ziyi Feng yang Feng Fangfang Fan Dezhao Deng han Dong Shude Liu ling kang Seong Chan Jun ling Wang Jing Zhu Lei dai Zhangxing He School of Chemical Engineering North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanChina State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjinChina Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles College of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghaiChina Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing East China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina School of Mechanical Engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoulSouth Korea

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)offer high energy density,low cost,and are environmentally friendly,rendering them potential energy storage ***,dendrite growth on the zinc anode and numerous side reac-tions during operation challenge their *** advancements have introduced various materials for the functionalization of zinc *** developments effectively mitigate the performance degradation of zinc anode,enhancing both its cycle stability and the overall performance of ***,the construction of functionalized zinc anodes is discussed,current materials(including organic,inorganic and their composites)for modified zinc anodes are categorized,and the protective mechanism behind functionalized zinc anodes is *** study concludes by outlining the characteristics of materials suitable for dendritic-free zinc anode construction and the prospects for future development directions of functionalized zinc anodes in AZIBs.

关键词： anode functionalization inorganic materials organic materials zinc-ion batteries

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Dry eye disease in systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross sectional study

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第7期17卷 1255-1261页

作者： Sui-Fang kang Ying-Xue Wang Qi-chen Zhang Zhi-Lun Wang Guo-ling chen Department of Ophthalmology the Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250033Shandong ProvinceChina Department of Rheumatology the Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250033Shandong ProvinceChina

AIM:To explore ocular surface manifestations of dry eye disease(DED)and its influencing factors in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)***:Ophthalmological examinations were conducted in SLE patients(n=43)and controls(n=41),including Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI),objective scatter index(OSI),tear meniscus height(TMH),lipid layer thickness(LLT),non-invasive Keratograph tear breakup time(NIKBUT),corneal fluorescein score(CFS),Schirmer I *** was diagnosed according to the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society Dry Eye Workshop II *** patients were further divided into DED group and non-DED group,the disease activity,clinical manifestations and laboratory investigations were compared between the two *** disease activity was evaluated by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000(SLEdaI-2K).Receiver operative characteristic(ROC)curve and multiplefactor binary logistic regression were ***:SLE patients showed higher OSDI[9.1(2.8-15.9)vs 6.3(2.2-7.5),P=0.035],higher OSI[1.67(1.09-2.60)vs 0.96(0.87-1.60),P=0.001],higher CFS[1(0-2)vs 0(0-1),P=0.001],lower LLT[65(42-100)vs 100(79.5-100),P=0.010],and lower NIKBUT[8.03(4.02-9.73)vs 9.67(5.26-12.71),P=0.030]than *** 32.6%of SLE patients had DED,which was higher than 12.2%of healthy *** group showed higher SLEdaI-2K score[9.7±6.1 vs 5.4±3.4,P=0.025],higher anti-cardiolipin antibody(ACL)[8.7(3.5-13.2)vs 3.6(2.0-6.9),P=0.035],and higher proportion of patients with cutaneous eruption[42.9%vs 6.9%,P=0.015]than non-DED *** to multiple-factor binary logistic regression analysis,the SLEdaI-2K score(OR=1.194,P=0.041)and cutaneous eruption(OR=7.094,P=0.045)could be consider as risk factors for DED in SLE *** ROC curve of the combined factors including age,disease duration,SLEdaI-2K score,ACL,and cutaneous eruption was analyzed,with a sensitivity of 0.786,a specificity of 0.793,and an area under curve of ***:Ocular surface affec

关键词： autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus dry eye disease

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Classification of anatomical morphology of cystic duct and its association with gallstone

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第2期16卷 307-317页

作者： Jia-Hai Zhu song-ling Zhao Qiang kang Ya Zhu Li-Xin Liu Hao Zou Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming 650106Yunnan ProvinceChina Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery The Second Affiliated HospitalKunming Medical UniversityKunming 650106Yunnan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Gallstones are common lesions that often require surgical ***-scopic cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for symptomatic ***,the anatomical morphology of the cystic duct(CD),needs to be accurately recognized,especially when anatomical variations occur in the CD,which is otherwise prone to bile duct ***,at present,there is no optimal classification system for CD morphology applicable in clinical practice,and the relationship between anatomical variations in CDs and gallstones remains to be *** To create a more comprehensive clinically applicable classification of the morphology of CD and to explore the correlations between anatomic variants of CD and *** A total of 300 patients were retrospectively enrolled from October 2021 to January *** patients were divided into two groups:The gallstone group and the nongallstone *** clinical data and anatomical data of the CD based on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP)were collected and analyzed to propose a morphological classification system of the CD and to explore its relationship with *** analysis was performed using logistic regression analyses to identify the independent risk factors using variables that were significant in the univariate *** Of the 300 patients enrolled in this study,200(66.7%)had *** mean age was 48.10±13.30 years,142(47.3%)were male,and 158(52.7%)were female.A total of 55.7%of the patients had a body mass index(BMI)≥24 kg/*** on the MRCP,the CD anatomical typology is divided into four types:Type I:Linear,type II:n-shaped,type III:S-shaped,and type IV:*** analysis revealed differences between the gallstone and nongallstone groups in relation to sex,BMI,cholesterol,triglycerides,morphology of CD,site of CD insertion into the extrahepatic bile duct,length of CD,and angle between the common hepatic duct and *** to

关键词： Cystic duct Gallstone Classification Anatomy Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography Risk factor

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High-timing-precision detection of single X-ray photons by superconducting nanowires

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 194-203页

作者： Shuya Guo Jingrou Tan Hengbin Zhang Jinguang Wang Tianhao Ji Labao Zhang Xiaolong Hu Jian chen Jun Xie Kai Zou Yun Meng Xiaomin Bei ling-An wu Qi chen Hao Wang Xuecou Tu Xiaoqing Jia Qing-Yuan Zhao Lin kang Peiheng wu Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics Nanjing University Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei National Laboratory School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronic Engineering Tianjin University Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology Ministry of Education

Precisely acquiring the timing information of individual X-ray photons is important in both fundamental research and practical applications. The timing precision of commonly used X-ray single-photon detectors remains in the range of one hundred picoseconds to microseconds. In this work, we report on high-timing-precision detection of single X-ray photons through the fast transition to the normal state from the superconductive state of superconducting nanowires. We successfully demonstrate a free-running X-ray single-photon detector with a timing resolution of 20.1 ps made of 100-nm-thick niobium nitride film with an active area of 50 μm by 50 μm. By using a repeated differential timing measurement on two adjacent X-ray single-photon detectors, we demonstrate a precision of 0.87 ps in the arrival-time difference of X-ray photon measurements. Therefore, our work significantly enhances the timing precision in X-ray photon counting, opening a new niche for ultrafast X-ray photonics and many associated applications.

关键词： single-photon detection timing precision superconductor ultrafast phenomenon pulsar X-ray navigation

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