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Features of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning Cases in Hong Kong 2004-2007

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2008年第6期21卷 521-527页

作者： CHUN-KWAN WONG PATRICIA HUNG KELLIE L. H. LEE TINA MOK THOMAS CHUNG kai-man kam Biotoxin Laboratory Public Health Laboratory Services Branch Centre for Health Protection Department of Health Shek Kip Mei Kowloon Food and Environmental Hygiene Department Queensway Government Offices

Ohjective To review the clinical features and laboratory investigations of ciguatera patients in Hong Kong between 2004 and 2007 in order to show the timely sampling of implicated fish from ciguatera victims and application of validated mouse bioassay for confirming suspected clinical cases of ciguatera. Methods Diagnosis of the ciguatera victims was based on history of coral fish consumption and clinical presentations stated in official guidelines for clinical diagnosis of ciguatera fish poisoning in Hong Kong. Food remnants of coral fish samples were collected swiftly from ciguatera victims between 2004 and 2007 for ciguatoxins （CTXs） analysis. Results Major clinical symptoms in ciguatera patients included gastrointestinal and neurological effects including limb numbness and diarrhoea, which developed at 0.5 to 15 hours after consumption of fish. In most cases, neurological symptoms were more common than gastrointestinal symptoms. A broad range of attack rate （10%-100%） was observed in each ciguatera outbreak. Validated mouse bioassay on ether extracts of the food remnant samples confirmed that all were CTXs-positive （〈0.5 - 4.3 MU/20 mg ether extract） and directly linked to the corresponding ciguatera cases. Conclusion Consistency between clinical and laboratory analysis for ciguatera poisoning illustrates the application of laboratory mouse bioassay in a timely fashion for confirming ciguatera poisoning cases and implementing effective public health measures. With further improvement in laboratory techniques, features of ciguatera fish poisoning cases can be better defined, Further studies are needed to determine the risk of each class of CTXs （Pacific-, Indian- and Caribbean-CTXs） in Hong Kong.

关键词： Ciguatera poisoning Ciguatoxin Food remnants Hong Kong Mouse bioassay

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Development of An ICR Mouse Bioassay for Toxicity Evaluation in Neurotoxic Poisoning Toxins-Contaminated Shellfish

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第5期26卷 346-364页

作者： WONG Chun Kwan HUNG Patricia kam kai man Biotoxin Laboratory Microbiology DivisionPublic Health Laboratory Services BranchCentre for Health ProtectionDepartment of HealthShek Kip MeiKowloon

Objective To develop an ICR （female） mouse bioassay （MBA） for toxicity confirmation and evaluation of neurotoxins （brevetoxins）-contaminated shellfish. Methods Brevetoxins （BTX-B） as a causative agent of neurotoxic shellfish poisoning （NSP） under different shellfish matrices were intraperitoneally injected at different doses into mice to study their toxic effects and to differentiate the range of lethal and sublethal dosages. Their sensitivity and specificity were analyzed with 2 competitive ELISA kits for quantitative determination of standard BTX-B and dihydroBTX-B under different shellfish matrix-diluent combinations. Detection rates of MBA and two antibody-based assays for BTX-B from field NSP-positive shellfish samples were compared. Results BTX-B could be detected in shellfish tissues at concentration of 50-400 μg/100 g under shellfish matrix-Tween-saline media, which were appropriate to identify toxic shellfish at or above the regulatory limit （80 μg/100 g shellfish tissues）. The LD 50 identified was 455 g/kg for BTX-B under general shellfish matrices （excluding oyster matrices） dissolved in Tween-saline. The presence of shellfish matrices, of oyster matrices in particular, retarded the occurrence of death and toxicity presentation in mice. Two antibody-based assays, even in the presence of different shellfish matrix-diluent combinations, showed acceptable results in quantifying BTX-B and dihydroBTX-B well below the regulatory limit. Conclusion The two ELISA analyses agree favorably （correlation coefficient, r 0.96; Student＇s t-tests, P〉0.05） with the developed bioassay.

关键词： Antibody-based assay Brevetoxin ICR female mice LD 50 Mouse bioassay Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning

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TRANSFECTION AND CELL FUSION BY FEMTOSECOND LASERS

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2011年第2期4卷 113-125页

作者： HAO HE SIU kai KONG kam TAI CHAN Department of Electronic Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong ShatinN.T.Hong Kong Department of Biochemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong ShatinN.T.Hong Kong

Biophotonics is an exciting and fast-expanding frontier which involves the fusion of advanced photonics and *** has not only created many novel methodologies for biomedical research,but also achieved many significant results as an *** to femtosecond(fs)laser technologies,important progresses have been made regarding the manipulation,imaging,and engineering of biological samples ranging from single molecules to tissues in the last 20 *** ultrashort pulses at near-infrared band provide many advantages:high nonlinear efficiency,low absorption by biological samples,high spatial and temporal resolution and confinement,and low *** are noninvasive and easy to *** the mechanism of how fs laser pulses interact with cells remains unclear,experimental results have shown that they could open up the cell membrane and hence made optical transfection and optical cell fusion *** this review,some of the seminal works on transfection and cell fusion by fs lasers are *** ideas behind and the experimental details will be described together with a highlight on their ***,the thermal effect is analyzed based on multiphoton excitation and plasma formation in an aqueous environment to explain the nontoxic characteristic of fs laser ***,some applications of fs laser induced transfection and cellcell fusion with potential major impact in biomedical sciences are proposed.

关键词： Biophotonics transfection cell fusion femtosecond laser

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EVALUATION OF QUARTZ CRYSTALS IN RAT LUNGS BY X-RAY DIFFRACTOMETRY

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Scientia Sinica 1981年第10期24卷 1448-1449页

作者： JOHN kai-HONG kam University of California BerkeleyCaliforniaUSA

The NIOSH（National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health）-recommended pro-cedure of determining quartz through X-ray diffractometry was applied to rat lungs. Usinga compressed air nebulizer inside a closed chamber, 150 male Sprague-Dawley rats were ex-posed to monodisperse particles of quartz for varying time intervals. The rats were subse-quently sacrificed by cervical dislocation and their lungs were removed for ashing inside amuffle furnace at 600℃ for 4 hr. The ashed materials were then filtered onto silver mem-branes and scanned by an X-ray diffractometer. The results, expressed in mg SiO2 were com-pared to standard values derived from PVC filters. The values suggested that the NIOSHmethod could be used by biochemists to quantify minerals and crystalline structures in organicmaterials.

关键词： EVALUATION OF QUARTZ CRYSTALS IN RAT LUNGS BY X-RAY DIFFRACTOMETRY RAT

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A near-infrared plasma membrane-specific AIE probe for fluorescence lifetime imaging of phagocytosis

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Science China Chemistry 2022年第5期65卷 979-988页

作者： Ming-Yu Wu Jong-kai Leung Chuen kam Tsu Yu Chou Jia-Li Wang Xueqian Zhao Shun Feng Sijie Chen Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine Karolinska InstitutetHong KongChina Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs School of Life Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China

Phagocytosis is a biological process that plays a key role in host defense and tissue *** approaches for real-time imaging of phagocytosis are highly desired but ***,an AIE-active near-infrared fluorescent probe,named TBTCP,was developed for fluorescence lifetime imaging of *** could selectively label the cell plasma membrane with fast staining,wash-free process,high signal-to-background ratio,and excellent *** membrane statuses under different osmolarities as well as macrophage phagocytosis of bacteria or large silica particles in early stages could be reported by the fluorescence lifetime changes of *** with current fluorescence imaging methods,which target the bioenvironmental changes in the late phagocytosis stage,this approach detects the changes in the cell membrane,thus giving a faster response to *** article provides a functional tool to report the phagocytic dynamics of macrophages which may greatly contribute to the studies of phagocytic function-related diseases.

关键词： fluorescence lifetime imaging phagocytosis plasma membrane aggregation-induced emission near-infrared

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Serotype epidemiology and patterns of antibiotic susceptibilities of salmonellae isolated in Hong Kong 1983-93

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 1996年第4期109卷 281-281页

作者： kam kai-man Institute of Pathology Sai Ying Pun Polyclinic Hong Kong

OBJECTIVE To study the serotype epidemiology and patterns of antibiotic susceptibilities of salmonellae isolated in Hong Kong over an eleven-year *** The laboratory information of 22 733 strains of salmonellae isolated from diarrhea stool samples of 7 public hospitals, 5 out-patient clinics and 2 public health laboratories and reported to the Salmonella surveillance system in Hong Kong from 1983 to 1993 were *** The yearly total number of isolates has remained steady, while an increasing proportion of cases occurred in the>25 years age group with a substantial decline in the25 age groups, with those<5 years little affected. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed the typhoid and paratyphoid bacilli remained fully antibiotic sensitive, while non-typhoid non-paratyphoid isolates showed increasing resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and *** Laboratory monitoring of salmonella serotypes causing diarrhea and their antibiotic susceptibilities is essential as population movements and industrial activities increase in the southern parts of China.

关键词： DIARRHEAL PATIENTS INFECTION ENTERITIDIS

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X-reality for phantom limb management for amputees:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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再生工程(英文) 2023年第2期4卷 134-151页

作者： James Chung-Wai Cheung Daphne Sze Ki Cheung Ming Ni kam-Wai Chen Ye-Jiao Mao Lin Feng Wing-kai Lam Duo Wai-Chi Wong Aaron kam-Lun Leung Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina School of Nursing The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Orthopaedics Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina Sports Information and External Affairs Centre Hong Kong Sports InstituteHong KongChina Research Institute for Sports Science and Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Rehabilitation Science The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

Phantom limb is a disabling neuropsychiatric condition among amputees resulting in pain and disturbance that impact their functions,quality of life,and *** pharmacological approaches appeared to be ineffec-tive,the emergence and integration of X-reality,including virtual reality,augmented reality,and mixed reality,might elevate the effectiveness of mirror therapy in managing phantom *** objective of this study is to review X-reality for managing phantom pain.A systematic search was conducted on PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,PsycINFO,Embase,and ***(n=16)studies containing 66 lower-limb and 53 upper-limb amputees were included for the review over the thematic framework of amputee characteristics and intervention designs,while thirteen(n=13)studies were further proceeded for the *** found eleven studies on virtual reality(n=11),four studies on marker-based augmented reality(n=4)and one study on mixed reality(n=1)with a total of 40 game/task themes involving,motor skills,motor control,and ***,all these interventions adopted the movement representation strategies with different ***,the X-reality interventions reduced the pain level of the amputees(mean difference:-2.30,95%CI,-3.38 to-1.22),especially the virtual reality subgroup(mean difference:-2.83,95%CI,-4.43 to-1.22).However,there were substantial heterogeneity and partially explained by the subgroup analysis on publication *** strength of evidence was limited by case reports and case series in this review.

关键词： Extended reality Limb telescoping Phantom pain Phantom sensation

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Multicenter Evaluation of the Molecular Line Probe Assay for Multidrug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Detection in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2015年第6期28卷 464-467页

作者： LI Qiang DONG Hai Yan PANG Yu XIA Hui OU Xi Chao ZHANG Zhi Ying LI Jun Chen ZHANG Jian Kang HUAN Shi Tong CHIN Daniel P kam kai man ZHAO Yan Lin National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention PATH Beijing Office Gates Foundation Beijing Office Chinese University of Hong Kong

In order to evaluate the performance of a molecular Hain line probe assay （Hain LPA） for rapid detection of rifampicin and isoniazid resistance of Mycobocterium tuberculosis in China, 1612 smear positive patients were consecutively enrolled in this study. Smear positive sputum specimens were collected for Hain LPA and conventional drug susceptibility testing （DST）. The sensitivity and specificity of Hain LPA were analyzed by using conventional DST as golden reference. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value {PPV） and negative predictive value （NPV） for rifampicin resistance detection were 88.33%, 97.66%, 81.54%, and 98.62%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for isoniazid resistance detection were 80.25%, 98.07%, 87.25%, and 96.78%, respectively. These findings suggested that Hain LPA can be an effective method worthy of broader use in China.

关键词： Mycobacterium Probe tuberculosis detecting sequenced phenotypic likely inconsistent specimen elsewhere

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Proton pump inhibitor use increases mortality and hepatic decompensation in liver cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第33期25卷 4933-4944页

作者： Marianne Anastasia De Roza Lim kai Jia Wen kam Yiong Huak Chan Andrew Kwek Tiing Leong Ang John Chen Hsiang Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Changi General HospitalSinghealth 529889Singapore Clinical Trials and Research Unit Changi General HospitalSinghealth 529889Singapore Biostatistics Unit Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 160608Singapore

BACKGROUND Proton pump inhibitors(PPIs)are widely prescribed,often without clear *** are conflicting data on its association with mortality risk and hepatic decompensation in cirrhotic ***,PPI users and PPI exposure in some studies have been poorly defined with many confounding *** To examine if PPI use increases mortality and hepatic decompensation and the impact of cumulative PPI dose *** Data from patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis were extracted from a hospital database between 2013 to *** users were defined as cumulative defined daily dose(cDDD)≥28 within a landmark period,after hospitalisation for hepatic *** regression analysis for comparison was done after propensity score *** risk of hepatic decompensation was analysed by Poisson *** Among 295 decompensated cirrhosis patients,238 were PPI users and 57 were *** users had higher mortality compared to non-users[adjusted HR=2.10,(1.20-3.67);P=0.009].Longer PPI use with cDDD>90 was associated with higher mortality,compared to non-users[aHR=2.27,(1.10-5.14);P=0.038].PPI users had a higher incidence of hospitalization for hepatic decompensation[aRR=1.61,(1.30-2.11);P90 increases the risk of mortality.

关键词： Proton pump inhibitor Liver cirrhosis Mortality Hospitalisation Complications Portal hypertension Variceal bleeding Ascites Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Hepatic encephalopathy

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Biophysical Regulation of Cell Behavior-Cross Talk between Substrate Stiffness and Nanotopography

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Engineering 2017年第1期3卷 36-54页

作者： Yong Yang kai Wang Xiaosong Gu kam W. Leong Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering West Virginia University Morgantown WV26506 USA Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu 226001 China Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA

The stiffness and nanotopographical characteristics of the extracellular matrix （ECM） influence numerous developmental, physiological, and pathological processes in vivo. These biophysical cues have therefore been applied to modulate almost all aspects of cell behavior, from cell adhesion and spreading to proliferation and differentiation. Delineation of the biophysical modulation of cell behavior is critical to the rational design of new biomaterials, implants, and medical devices. The effects of stiffness and topographical cues on cell behavior have previously been reviewed, respectively; however, the interwoven effects of stiffness and nanotopographical cues on cell behavior have not been well described, despite similarities in phenotypic manifestations. Herein, we first review the effects of substrate stiffness and nanotopography on cell behavior, and then focus on intracellular transmission of the biophysical signals from integrins to nucleus. Attempts are made to connect extracellular regulation of cell behavior with the biophysical cues. We then discuss the challenges in dissecting the biophysical regulation of cell behavior and in translating the mechanistic understanding of these cues to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

关键词： Extracellular matrix Stiffness Nanotopography Adhesive ligands Cell behavior

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