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Analysis of docosanol using GC/MS:Method development,validation,and application to ex vivo human skin permeation studies

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2022年第2期12卷 287-292页

作者： Vijay kumar shankar Mei Wang Srinivas Ajjarapu Praveen kolimi Bharathi Avula Reena Murthy Ikhlas khan Sathyanarayana Narasimha Murthy Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery University of MississippiOxfordMS38677USA Natural Products Utilization Research Unit Agricultural Research ServiceU.S.Department of AgricultureOxfordMS38677USA National Center for Natural Products Research Research Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyUniversity of MississippiOxfordMS38677USA Topical Products Testing LLC OxfordMS38677USA

Docosanol is the only US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)approved over-the-counter topical product for treating recurrent oral-facial herpes simplex *** analytical methods for docosanol are required to demonstrate the bioequivalence of docosanol topical products.A gas chromatography/selected ion monitoring mode mass spectrometry(GC/SIM-MS)method was developed and validated for docosanol determination in biological *** and isopropyl palmitate(internal standard)were separated on a high-polarity GC capillary column with(88%cyanopropy)aryl-polysiloxane employed as the stationary *** ions of m/z 83 and 256 were selected to monitor docosanol and isopropyl palmitate,respectively;the total run time was 20 *** GC/SIM-MS method was validated in accordance with US FDA guidelines,and the results met the US FDA acceptance *** docosanol calibration standards were linear in the 100-10000 ng/mL concentration range(R^(2)>0.994).The recoveries for docosanol from the receptor fluid and skin homogenates were>93.2%and>95.8%,*** validated method was successfully applied to analyze ex vivo human cadaver skin permeation *** applying Abreva®cream tube and Abreva®cream pump,the amount of docosanol that penetrated human cadaver skin at 48 h was 21.5±7.01 and 24.0±6.95 ng/mg,***,we concluded that the validated GC/SIM-MS was sensitive,specific,and suitable for quantifying docosanol as a quality control *** method can be used for routine analysis as a costeffective alternative to other techniques.

关键词： Docosanol Fatty alcohols Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Topical formulation Skin permeation

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Adaptive Statistical Spatial Downscaling of Precipitation Supported by High-Resolution Atmospheric Simulation Data for Mountainous Areas of Nepal

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气象学报:英文版 2023年第4期37卷 508-520页

作者： Hua YANG kun YANG Jun QIN Baohong DING Yaozhi JIANG Yingying CHEN Xu ZHOU Yan WANG shankar SHARMA National Tibetan Plateau Data Center State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemEnvironment and ResourcesInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 Ministry of Education key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceInstitute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084 State key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101

In complex terrain regions, it is very challenging to obtain high accuracy and resolution precipitation data that are required in land hydrological studies. In this study, an adaptive precipitation downscaling method is proposed based on the statistical downscaling model MicroMet. A key input parameter in the MicroMet is the precipitation adjustment factor(PAF) that shows the elevation dependence of precipitation. Its value is estimated conventionally based on station observations and suffers sparse stations in high altitudes. This study proposes to estimate the PAF value and its spatial variability with precipitation data from high-resolution atmospheric simulations and tests the idea in Nepal of South Himalayas, where rainfall stations are relatively dense. The result shows that MicroMet performs the best with the PAF value estimated from the simulation data at the scale of approximately 1.5 degrees. Not only the value at this scale is qualitatively consistent with early knowledge obtained from intensive observations, but also the downscaling performance with this value is better than or comparable to that with the PAF estimated from dense station data. Finally, it is shown that the PAF estimation, although critical, cannot replace the importance of increasing input station density for downscaling.

关键词： precipitation statistical downscaling precipitation adjustment factor adaptive estimation high resolution dynamical downscaling

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The bioinformatics of next generation sequencing:a meeting report

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分子细胞生物学报:英文版 2011年第3期3卷 147-150页

作者： Ravi shankar Studio of Computational Biology&Bioinformatics Institute of Himalayan Bioresource TechnologyCouncil of Scientific&Industrial Research(CSIR)PalampurHimachal PradeshIndia

The Studio of Computational Biology&Bioinformatics(SCBB),IHBT,CSIR,Palampur,India organized one of the very first national workshop funded by DBT,*** India,on the Bioinformatics issues associated with next generation sequencing *** course structure was designed by SCBB,*** workshop took place in the IHBT premise on 17 and 18 June 2010.

关键词： struc India workshop

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Online coal dust suppression system for opencast coal mines

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2023年第5期10卷 178-186页

作者： Senju Panicker S.S.shankar S.Jithin S.Sandeep Muhammed Irshad Jerry Daniel Tarique Sajad Control and Instrumentation Group Centre for Development of Advanced ComputingThiruvananthapuramKeralaIndia Mining Electronics Department Central Mine Planning and Design InstituteRanchiJharkhandIndia

Coal is the major source of power in India and world *** mining is an essential industry which has a major role in the economic development of the *** major mining activities contribute directly or indirectly to air *** dust is a major air pollutant which affects the personal working in the mines and also people residing in villages near the *** pollution due to coal particulates can affect human health and cause damages to the *** effective pollution control mechanisms are needed to keep the pollution levels within permissible *** easiest and most common method employed for dust suppression worldwide is sprinkling of *** majority of mines,water sprinklers are operated manually and can lead to wastage of water due to over *** can also prove to be ineffective in dust suppression if sprinkling is not done *** paper proposes a system which can be deployed to automate the dust suppressions *** system will monitor the concentration of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) in the air and initiate sprinkling operation when the particulate matter content exceeds preconfigured limits.

关键词： Coal dust Dust suppression Sprinkling Automation Particulate matter PMio-PM2.5

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Rainforests north of the Tropic of Cancer: Physiognomy, floristics and diversity in ‘lowland rainforests’ of Meghalaya, India

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Plant Diversity 2017年第1期39卷 20-36页

作者： Uma shankar Amit kumar Tripathi Department of Botany North-Eastern Hill University Shillong 793 022 India

The lowland rainforests of Meghalaya, India represent the westernmost limit of the rainforests north of the Tropic of Cancer. These forests, on the Shillong plateau, are akin to Whitmore's ‘tropical lowland evergreen rainforest' formation and exhibit striking similarities and conspicuous differences with the equatorial rainforests in Asia-Pacific as well as tropical seasonal rainforests in southwestern China near the Tropic of Cancer. We found these common attributes of the rainforests in Meghalaya: familial composition with predominance of Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Meliaceae, Moraceae, Myrsiticaceae,Myrtaceae and Rubiaceae; deciduousness in evergreen physiognomy; dominance of mega-and mesophanerophytic life-forms; abundance of species with low frequency of occurrence(rare and aggregated species); low proportional abundance of the abundant species; and truncated lognormal abundance distribution. The levels of stand density and stand basal area were comparable with seasonal rainforests in southwestern China, but were lower than equatorial rainforests. Tropical Asian species predominated flora, commanding 95% of the abundance. The differences include overall low stature(height) of the forest, inconspicuous stratification in canopy, fewer species and individuals of liana, thicker understory,higher proportion of rare species, absence of locally endemic species and relatively greater dominance of Fagaceae and Theaceae. The richness of species per hectare(S) was considerably lower at higher latitudes in Meghalaya than in equatorial rainforests, but was comparable with seasonal rainforests. Shannon's diversity index(H’=4.40 nats for ≥10 cm gbh and 4.25 nats for ≥30 cm gbh) was lower on higher latitudes in Meghalaya in comparison to species-rich equatorial rainforests, but it was the highest among all lowland rainforests near the Tropic of Cancer.

关键词： Lowland rainforest Forest structure Floristics Phytosociology Species richness Life-form spectrum

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Quadrant based incremental planning for mobile robots

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Journal of Central South University 2014年第5期21卷 1792-1803页

作者： P.Raja M.Abhilash k.Ravi shankar Alameluvari Adarsh School of Mechanical Engineering SASTRA University

Path planning of a mobile robot in the presence of multiple moving obstacles is found to be a complicated problem.A planning algorithm capable of negotiating both static and moving obstacles in an unpredictable(on-line)environment is *** proposed incremental algorithm plans the path by considering the quadrants in which the current positions of obstacles as well as target are ***,the governing equations for the shortest path are *** proposed mathematical model describes the motion(satisfying constraints of the mobile robot)along a collision-free ***,the algorithm is applicable to dynamic environments with fixed or moving *** results show the effectiveness of the proposed *** of results with the improved artificial potential field(iAPF)algorithm shows that the proposed algorithm yields shorter path length with less computation time.

关键词：移动机器人增量式算法路径规划象限规划算法移动障碍物动态障碍物方程推导

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Timer Entrenched Baited Scheme to Locate and Remove Attacks in MANET

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第1期35卷 491-505页

作者： S.Padmapriya R.shankar R.Thiagarajan N.Partheeban A.Daniel S.Arun Department of Computing Science and Engineering Prathyusha Engineering CollegeThiruvallur602025India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Teegala Krishna Reddy Engg.College500097TelanganaIndia School of Computing Science and Engineering Galgotias UniversityGreater Noida203201India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Prathyusha Engineering CollegeThiruvallur602025India

The Mobile Ad-hoc Network(MANET)is a dynamic topology that provides a variety of executions in various *** most sticky topic in organizationalfields was MANET *** is helpless against various threats that affect its usability and *** dark opening assault is considered one of the most far-reaching dynamic assaults that deteriorate the organi-zation's execution and reliability by dropping all approaching packages via the noxious *** Dark Opening Node aims to deceive any node in the company that wishes to connect to another node by pretending to get the most delicate ability to support the target ***-hoc On-demand Distance Vector(AODV)is a responsive steering convention with no corporate techniques to locate and destroy the dark opening *** improved AODV by incorporating a novel compact method for detecting and isolating lonely and collaborative black-hole threats that utilize clocks and *** recommended method allows MANET nodes to discover and segregate black-hole network nodes over dynamic changes in the network *** implement the suggested method's performance with the help of Network Simulator(NS)-3 simulation ***,the proposed approach comes exceptionally near to the original AODV,absent black holes in terms of bandwidth,end-to-end latency,error rate,and delivery ratio.

关键词： Mobile ad-hoc network(MANET) wireless ad hoc network ADOV attacks denial of service

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Fatal Cardiac Tamponade following Road Traffic Accident

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2023年第1期9卷 88-90页

作者： G.N.Pramod kumar Smitha Rani shankar M.Bakkannavar Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Karwar Institute of Medical SciencesKarwar Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology JSS Medical CollegeJSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchMysore Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia

Cardiac tamponade following blunt trauma results from cardiac rupture,leading to death even before the patient can receive medical *** such cases,the collected fluid(blood)in the pericardium inhibits the diastolic filling compressing the myocardium resulting in obstructive *** are reporting the case report of a 30-year-old male who was brought dead to the hospital with a history of road traffic *** investigating officer informed that the deceased driver was not wearing a seat *** findings showed fresh blood clots of 600 g in the pericardial sac with rupture of the left ventricular wall of the *** were contusions on the anterior aspect of the vertebrae corresponding to the heart *** it is impossible to prevent all the cases of cardiac tamponade,we can avoid the ones resulting from *** case intends to stress the importance of wearing a seat belt while driving a car to prevent fatal injuries.

关键词： Blunt chest trauma cardiac rupture seat belt traumatic cardiac tamponade

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Efficacy of diurnal BG-Sentinel traps to capture nocturnal adult Armigeres subalbatus mosquitoes and impact of altitudinal variations in forests

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第11期12卷 512-519页

作者： Devi shankar Suman Zoological Survey of India New AliporeKolkataWest Bengal700053India

Objective:To establish an efficacious and efficient surveillance method of Armigeres(Ar.)subalbatus,a known filarial vector,surviving in forest habitats to estimate realistic population density and assess the impact of altitudinal variations on the efficacy of the ***:In the study,12 locations in areas with an altitudinal range from 82 m to 920 m were selected in three reserve forests for night sampling of adult *** mosquito using standard chemical lure based BG-Sentinel traps and CDC-light traps in *** of locations and time were estimated on the efficacy of traps as mosquito density using multifactor analysis of variance for significant *** of altitudinal variations on the efficacy of traps was assessed using multiple regression with slope ***:BG-Sentinel trap collected significantly more adult ***,4.43 folds in Gorumara NP,5.19 folds in Neora Valley NP and 12.10 folds in Mahananda WLS than the CDC-light trap irrespective to ***-Sentinel traps were tolerant of altitudinal variations(80 m-170 m)and showed no significant relationship between density and altitudes in contrast to CDC-light traps which showed a significant negative impact on capturing efficacy with increase in altitudes(P<0.001).Conclusions:The study suggests that BG-Sentinel traps can be used effectively and efficiently to collect more *** mosquitoes during night time in comparison to CDC-light trap under complex climatic conditions of forest and variable altitudes.

关键词： Mosquitoes Surveillance Adult mosquito traps Altitudinal variations Armigeres subalbatus

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A review of conventional and renewable biodiesel production

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第12期34卷 1-17页

作者： P.Vignesh A.R.Pradeep kumar N.shankar Ganesh V.Jayaseelan k.Sudhakar Department of Mechanical Engineering Indira Institute of Engineering and TechnologyTiruvallurIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering Dhanalakshmi College of EngineeringChennaiIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering Kingston College of EngineeringVelloreIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering Prathyusha Engineering CollegeChennaiIndia Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang26600 PekanPahangMalaysia Automotive Engineering Centre Universiti Malaysia Pahang26600 PekanPahangMalaysia

The need for sustainable fuels has resulted in the production of renewables from a wide range of sources,in particular organic fats and *** use of biofuel is becoming more widespread as a result of environmental and economic *** efforts have been made to substitute fossil fuels with green *** molecules extracted from processed animal fats and organic plant materials are considered alternatives for the use in modern engine *** different methods have been adopted for converting esters in vegetable oils/animal fats into compounds consistent with petroleum products,namely the transesterification and the hydro-processing of ester bonds for the production of *** review paper primarily focuses on conventional and renewable biodiesel feedstocks,the catalyst used and reaction kinetics of the production process.

关键词： Biofuel Methy esters from fatly acids Renewable diesel kinetics Catalyst Transesterification

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