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Whitefly feeding behavior and retention of a foregut-borne crinivirus exposed to artificial diets with different pH values

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 1079-1091页

作者： Jaclyn S. Zhou Angel Y. S. Chen Martin Druck.r.Nicole H. Lopez Alyssa carpenter James C. k. Ng Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology and Center for Disease Vector Research University of California Riverside California USA INrA UMR BGPI Plant Pathogen Interactions Montpellier Cedex 5 France Barry University Miami Florida USA East Stroudsburg University E. Stroudsburg Pennsylvania USA

Transmission of plant viruses by phytophagous hemipteran insects encompasses complex interactions underlying a continuum of processes involved in virus acquisition, retention and inoculation combined with vector feeding behavior. Here, we investigated the effects of dietary pH on whitefly （Bemisia tabaci） feeding behavior and release of Lettuce infectious yellows virus （LIYV） virions retained in the vector＇s foregut. Electrical penetration graph analysis revealed that variables associated with whitefly probing and ingestion did not differ significantly in pH （4, 7.4, and 9） adjusted artificial diets. To investigate virus retention and release, whiteflies allowed to acquire LIYV virions in a pH 7.4 artificial diet were fed pH 4, 7.4, or 9 virion-free artificial （clearing） diets. Immunofluorescent localization analyses indicated that virions remained bound to the foreguts of approximately 20%-24% of vectors after they fed on each of the 3 pH- adjusted clearing diets. When rNA preparations from the clearing diets were analyzed by reverse transcription （rT） nested-PCr and, in some cases, real-time qPCr, successful amplification of LIYV-specific sequence was infrequent but consistently repeatable for the pH 7.4 diet but never observed for the pH 4 and 9 diets, suggesting a weak pH-dependent effect for virion release. Viruliferous vectors that fed on each of the 3 pH-adjusted clearing diets transmitted LIYV to virus-free plants. These results suggest that changes in pH values alone in artificial diet do not result in observable changes in whitefly feeding behaviors, an observation that marks a first in the feeding of artificial diet by whitefly vectors; and that there is a potential causal and contingent relationship between the pH in artificial diet and the release/inoculation of foregut bound virions.

关键词： Crinivirus dietary pH inoculation noncirculative semipersistent transmission retention whitefly

High-power,electronically controlled source of user-defined vortex and vector light beams based on a few-mode fiber amplifier

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Photonics research 2021年第5期9卷 856-864页

作者： DI LIN JOEL carpenter YUTONG FENG YONGMIN JUNG SHAIF-UL ALAM DAVID J.rICHArDSON Optoelectronics research Centre University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

Optical angular momentum(OAM)-based structured light beams provide an additional degree of freedom for practical applications ranging from optical communication to laser-based material processing. Many techniques exist for generating such beams within laser sources and these primarily rely upon the use of specially designed optical components that limit laser power scaling and ready tunability of the topological charge and polarization of the output OAM beams. Here we show that some of these limitations can be overcome by employing a computer controlled reflective phase-only spatial light modulator to adaptively tailor the input(and subsequent output) beam wavefront and polarization in a few-mode fiber amplifier. In this way modal-coupling-induced beam distortion within the fiber amplifier can be mitigated and we are able to generate at will any desired supported spatial mode guided in the fiber, including conventional linearly polarized(LP) modes, scalar OAM modes, and cylindrical vector modes, at average powers >10 W and with a peak power of >11 kW. Our results pave the way to the realization of practical high-power structured laser sources with tunable chirality and polarization.

关键词： amplifier fiber power

Nonstatistical Dynamics of Thermally Generated reactive Intermediates

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Nonstatistical Dynamics of Thermally Generated Reactive Inte...

Enhanced interface strength in steel-nickel bimetallic component fabricated using wire arc additive manufacturing with interweaving deposition strategy

第九届全国化学动力学会议

作者： Barry k．carpenter Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University IthacaNY 14853-1301USA

＜正＞The kinetic description of thermal reactions has for decades relied on the application of the so-called statistical approximation, which assumes that the rate of intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution （IVr） is always much greater than the rate of any chemical transformation. Until recently, any deviations from statistical behavior, such as

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第17期52卷 226-234页

作者： Bintao Wu Zhijun Qiu Zengxi Pan kristin carpenter Tong Wang Donghong Ding Stephen Van Duin Huijun Li key Laboratory of Ningxia for Photovoltaic Material Ningxia UniversityYinchuan750021China School of Mechanical MaterialsMechatronic and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW2522Australia School of Mechatronic Engineering Foshan UniversityFoshan528000China

realizing improved strength in composite metallic materials remains a challenge using conventional welding and joining systems due to the generation and development of brittle intermetallic compounds caused by complex thermal profiles during ***,wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)process was used to fabricate a steel-nickel structural component,whose average tensile strength of 634 MPa significantly exceeded that of feedstock materials(steel,537 MPa and nickel,455 MPa),which has not been reported *** as-fabricated sample exhibited hierarchically structural heterogeneity due to the interweaving deposition *** improved mechanical response during tensile testing was due to the inter-locking microstructure forming a strong bond at the interface and solid solutions strengthening from the intermixing of the Fe and Ni increased the interface strength,beyond the sum of *** research offers a new route for producing high-quality steel-nickel dissimilar structures and widens the design opportunities of monolithic components,with site-specific properties,for specific structural or functional applications.

关键词： Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM) Steel-nickel bimetallic-component Interweaving deposition Material properties

Hydrogen diffusion in clinopyroxene: dehydration experiments

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Science China Earth Sciences 2000年第6期43卷 561-568页

作者：夏群科陈道公 S.carpenter 支霞臣王汝成程昊 Department of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China Department of Geosciences The Pennsylvania State University PA 16082 USA State key Laboratory of Mineral Deposits Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

Hydrogen diffusivity of one clinopyroxene megacryst from Nüshan, eastern China parallel to [001]* crystallographic direction was measured by high-temperature sequential dehydration experiments at 950üC and 850üC, which was (6.5ü1.5)×10-12(m2/s) and (1.8×0.7)×10-12(m2/s) respectively. From these results and the previous published data, it seems that the correlation between hydrogen diffusivity and Fe content suggested by Dyar et al. (1996) possibly does not exist. Clinopyroxene megacrysts from alkali basalts appear to be possible reliable samples for the study of the water evolution and hydrogen isotope compositions of the upper mantle.

关键词： clinopyroxene hydrogen diffusion dehydration.

Apparent Formation Factor for Leachate-Saturated Waste and Sediments: Examples from the USA and China

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Journal of China University of Geosciences 2009年第3期20卷 606-617页

作者： Philip J carpenter 丁爱中程莉蓉刘普新楚福录 Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences Northern Illinois UniversityDeKalb IL 60115 USA College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal University Environmental Protection Bureau of Maoming Hebei Institute of Geophysics

The formation factor relates bulk.r.sistivity to pore fluid resistivity in porous materials. Understanding the formation factor is essential in using electrical and electromagnetic methods to monitor ieachate accumulations and movements both within and around landfills. Specifically, the formation factor allows leachate resistivity, the degree of saturation, and, possibly, even the hydraulic conductivity of the waste to be estimated from non-invasive surface measurements. In this study, apparent formation factors are computed for three landfills with different types of waste as well as sediments contaminated by landfill leachate. resistivity soundings at the closed Mallard North landfill in suburban Chicago （Illinois, USA） mapped leachate surfaces that were confirmed by monitoring wells. The resistivity of leachate-saturated waste from resistivity sounding inversions was then divided by the leachate resistivity values measured in-situ to compute apparent formation factors （Fa） ranging from 1.6 to 4.9. A global Fa of 3.0±1.9 was computed for the entire monitored portion of this landfill. At a nearby mixed laboratory waste landfill, a 2D inverted resistivity section was used to compute an Fa of 2.9. Finally, a distinctly different Fa value of 10.6±2.8 was computed for leachate-saturated retorted oil shale wastes north of Maoming （茂名）, Guangdong （广东） Province, China. Shallow aquifers in the Laohuling （老虎岭） Formation near this landfill are polluted by acidic leachate containing heavy metals and organic compounds. The Fa for aquifers containing contaminated groundwater fall in the same range as aquifers with normal groundwater, 1.7-3.9. However, models from inverted sounding curves over these contaminated areas exhibit unusually low resistivity layers, which may be diagnostic of contamination.

关键词： landfall leachate formation factor Archie's law Maoming.

Predictors of clinical outcomes after non-operative management of symptomatic full-thickness rotator cuff tears

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第4期12卷 223-233页

作者： Christopher Bush Joel J Gagnier James carpenter Asheesh Bedi Bruce Miller Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48106United States

BACk.r.UND Previous studies have shown that non-surgical management can be an effective treatment strategy for many patients with rotator cuff *** the prevalence of rotator cuff disease,few studies have examined the patient and tear related factors that predict outcomes of nonsurgical management in this cohort of *** To identify factors that are associated with changes in patient reported outcomes over time in individuals with full-thickness rotator cuff tears treated without *** A cohort of 59 patients who underwent non-surgical management of full thickness rotator cuff tears with a minimum of 1-year follow-up were identified from our institutional *** demographics,comorbidities and tear characteristics were collected at initial *** measures were collected at baseline and at each clinical follow-up,which included Western Ontario rotator Cuff(WOrC)index,American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score,Visual Analog Scale for pain and Single Assessment Numerical ***-and univariate regression analyses were used to determine the impact of each patient and tear related variable on final WOrC scores and change in WOrC scores throughout the *** In this non-surgical cohort,all patient-reported outcome measures significantly improved compared to baseline at 1 and 2-year *** was no significant difference in outcomes between 1 and 2 *** average improvement surpassed the published minimal clinically important differences values for WOrC,American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons,Visual Analog Scale pain and Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation *** analysis identified female gender(β=-19.88,P=0.003),smoking(β=-29.98,P=0.014)and significant subscapularis fatty infiltration(β=-15.35,P=0.024)as predictors of less favorable WOrC scores at 1 year,and female gender(β=-19.09,P=0.015)alone as a predictor of lower WOrC scores at 2 *** with symptom duration greater than 1

关键词： rotator cuff tear Conservative treatment Patient reported outcome measures Shoulder injuries Shoulder pain

Controlled generation of picosecond-pulsed higher-order Poincaré sphere beams from an ytterbium-doped multicore fiber amplifier

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Photonics research 2023年第2期11卷 181-188页

作者： kUNHAO JI DI LIN IAN A. DAVIDSON SIYI WANG JOEL carpenter YOSHIMICHI AMMA YONGMIN JUNG MASSIMILIANO GUASONI DAVID J. rICHArDSON Optoelectronics research Centre University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK Institute of Advanced Photonics Technology School of Information EngineeringGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Fujik.r. Ltd. Chiba 285-8550Japan

Higher-order Poincarésphere(HOPS) beams with spatially variable polarization and phase distributions are opening up a host of unique applications in areas ranging from optical communication to ***, the flexible generation of these beams with high peak power from compact laser systems remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate the controlled generation of HOPS beams based on coherent beam combination from an Yb-doped multicore fiber(MCF) amplifier. Using a spatial light modulator to adaptively adjust the wavefront and polarization of the signals seeded into the individual cores of the MCF various structured beams(including cylindrical vector beams and first-and second-order vortex beams) were generated with peak powers up to 14 k W for ~92 ps pulses.

关键词： amplifier polarization fiber

Design, fabrication, and characterization of a highly nonlinear few-mode fiber

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Photonics research 2019年第11期7卷 1354-1362页

作者： Jitao Gao Elham Nazemosadat Chen Yang Songnian Fu Ming Tang Weijun Tong Joel carpenter Jochen Schroder Magnus k.r.sson Peter A.Andrekson Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optics and Electronic InformationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Photonics Laboratory Department of Microtechnology and NanoscienceChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg 41296Sweden State key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology Yangtze Optical Fiber and Cable Joint Stock Limited Company(YOFC)Wuhan 430073China School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

We present the design, fabrication, and characterization of a highly nonlinear few-mode fiber(HNL-FMF) with an intermodal nonlinear coefficient of 2.8 W · km-1, which to the best of our knowledge is the highest reported to date. The graded-index circular core fiber supports two mode groups(MGs) with six eigenmodes and is highly doped with germanium. This breaks the mode degeneracy within the higher-order MG, leading to different group velocities among corresponding eigenmodes. Thus, the HNL-FMF can support multiple intermodal four-wave mixing processes between the two MGs at the same time. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we demonstrate simultaneous intermodal wavelength conversions among three eigenmodes of the HNL-FMF over the C band.

关键词： fiber mode nonlinear