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Endocrine stress response of Eastern Fence Lizards in fire-disturbed landscapes

Current Zoology 2019年第6期65卷 643-650页

作者： Michael G.IACCHETTA k.nichole maloner C.M.GIENGER Department of Biology and Center of Excellence for Field Biology Austin Peay State University ClarksvilleTNUSA Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Department of Pathology Microbiologyand ImmunologyVanderbilt University Medical Center NashvilleTNUSA

Landscape disturbances can alter habitat structure and resource availability,often inducing physiological responses by organisms to cope with the changing *** the endocrine stress response through measurement of glucocorticoids has become an increasingly common method for determining how organisms physiologically respond to challenges imposed by their *** tested the hypothesis that Eastern Fence Lizards cope with fire disturbance effects by modulating their secretion of corticosterone(CORT).We measured the baseline and stress-induced plasma CORT of male Eastern Fence Lizards in a chronosequence of fire-altered habitats(recently burned,recovering from burn,and unburned).Although habitat use by lizards differed among burn treatments,including differences in use of canopy cover,leaf litter,and vegetation composition,we did not detect a significant effect of fire-induced habitat alteration on plasma CORT concentration or on body *** addition,we found no effect of blood draw treatment(baseline or stress-induced),body temperature,body condition,or time taken to collect blood samples on concentration of plasma *** intensity burns,which are typical of prescribed fire,may not be a sufficient stressor to alter CORT secretion in Eastern Fence Lizards(at least during the breeding season).Instead,lizards may avoid allostatic overload using behavioral responses and by selecting microsites within their environment that permit thermoregulatory opportunities necessary for optimal performance and energy assimilation.

关键词： endocrine response fire ecology habitat alteration prescribed fire reptile Sceloporus undulatus

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Xylose: absorption, fermentation, and post-absorptive metabolism in the pig

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第1期9卷 1-9页

作者： nichole F.Huntley John F.Patience Department of Animal Science 213 Kildee HallIowa State University Department of Animal Science 201B Kildee HallIowa State University

Xylose, as β-1,4-linked xylan, makes up much of the hemicel ulose in cel wal s of cereal carbohydrates fed to pigs. As inclusion of fibrous ingredients in swine diets continues to increase, supplementation of carbohydrases, such as xylanase,is of interest. However, much progress is warranted to achieve consistent enzyme efficacy, including an improved understanding of the utilization and energetic contribution of xylanase hydrolysis product（i.e. xylooligosaccharides or monomeric xylose）. This review examines reports on xylose absorption and metabolism in the pig and identifies gaps in this knowledge that are essential to understanding the value of carbohydrase hydrolysis products in the nutrition of the pig. Xylose research in pigs was first reported in 1954, with only sporadic contributions since. Therefore, this review also discusses relevant xylose research in other monogastric species, including humans. In both pigs and poultry, increasing purified D-xylose inclusion general y results in linear decreases in performance, efficiency, and diet digestibility. However,supplementation levels studied thus far have ranged from 5% to 40%, while theoretical xylose release due to xylanase supplementation would be less than 4%. More than 95% of ingested D-xylose disappears before the terminal ileum but mechanisms of absorption have yet to be ful y elucidated. Some data support the hypothesis that mechanisms exist to handle low xylose concentrations but become overwhelmed as luminal concentrations increase. Very little is known about xylose metabolic utilization in vertebrates but it is wel recognized that a large proportion of dietary xylose appears in the urine and significantly decreases the metabolizable energy available from the diet. Nevertheless, evidence of labeled D-xylose-1-^（14）C appearing as expired^（14）CO_2 in both humans and guinea pigs suggests that there is potential,although small, for xylose oxidation. It is yet to be determined if pigs develop increased xy

关键词： Pentose utilization Swine Threitol Xylose absorption Xylose metabolism

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Upper Lillooet River Hydroelectric Project： The Challenges of Constructing a Power Tunnel for Run-of-River Hydro Projects in Mountainous British Columbia

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Engineering 2018年第2期4卷 96-102页

作者： nichole Boultbee Oliver Robson Serge Moalli Rich Humphries Colder Associates Ltd. Squamish British Columbia VSB OB4 Canada Innergex Renewable Energy Inc. Vancouver British Columbia VCE 4E6 Canada EBC Inc. North Vancouver British Columbia V7L OBS Canada

利卢埃特河上游水电站项目(ULHP)是一个径流式发电项目,位于加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省彭伯顿附近,由两个独立的水电设施(HEF)组成,总装机容量为106.7 MW。这些HEF由利卢埃特河上游电力有限合伙公司和巨石溪电力有限合伙公司拥有,土建和隧... 详细信息

利卢埃特河上游水电站项目(ULHP)是一个径流式发电项目,位于加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省彭伯顿附近,由两个独立的水电设施(HEF)组成,总装机容量为106.7 MW。这些HEF由利卢埃特河上游电力有限合伙公司和巨石溪电力有限合伙公司拥有,土建和隧洞施工由CRT-EBC完成。利卢埃特河上游HEF包括沿利卢埃特河上游河谷开挖约2500 m长、6 m宽、5.5 m高的隧洞。项目位于山区,由于受气候条件的严重限制,且存在敏感的野生动物物种,为了减小环境影响,现场施工受到约束。现场位于米格峰火山杂岩体附近,该火山是加拿大西部最近爆发的活火山。隧洞掘进条件非常具有挑战性,其中一段穿过伴随米格峰火山最近一次爆发(距今2360年前)形成的沉积层。该隧洞段包含熔结角砾岩和未固结沉积层,由疏松浮石、有机物(代表古老的森林地被物)组成,一直到进入下伏英云闪长岩基岩之前。本段隧洞的施工需要覆盖灌浆、管棚支护,并在开挖时结合使用巷道掘进机、液压锤和钻爆法。本文对项目进行了概述,总结了关键的设计和施工进度难题,并说明了在隧洞通过伴随近代火山活动形成的沉积层时是如何顺利完成开挖的。

关键词：水电工程电力行业施工管理工程管理

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Denitrification from nitrogen-fixing biologically crusted soils in a cool desert environment,southeast Utah,USA

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 156-164页

作者： nichole N Barger Sarah C Castle Gavin N Dean Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ColoradoCampus Box 334BoulderCO 80309-0334USA Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences College of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMT59812USA.

Introduction:Nitrogen fixation by microorganisms within biological soil crust(“biocrust”)communities provides an important pathway for N inputs in cool desert environments where soil nutrients are low and symbiotic N-fixing plants may be *** of N fixation in biocrusts often greatly exceed that of N accretion rates leading to uncertainty regarding N loss ***:In this study we examined nitrogen fixation and denitrification rates in biocrust communities that differed in N fixation potential(low N fixation=light cyanobacterial biocrust,high N fixation=dark cyanolichen crust)at four temperature levels(10,20,30,40°C)and four simulated rainfall levels(0.05,0.2,0.6,1 cm rain events)under controlled laboratory ***:Acetylene reduction rates(AR,an index of N fixation activity)were over six-fold higher in dark crusts relative to light *** biocrusts also exhibited eight-fold higher denitrification *** was no consistent effect of temperature on denitrification rates,but there was an interactive effect of water addition and crust *** light crusts,denitrification rates increased with increasing water addition,whereas the highest denitrification rates in dark crusts were observed at the lowest level of water ***:These results suggest that there are no clear and consistent environmental controls on short-term denitrification rates in these biologically crusted *** together,estimates of denitrification from light and dark biocrusts constituted 3 and 4%of N fixation rates,respectively suggesting that losses as denitrification are not significant relative to N inputs via *** estimate is based on a previously published conversion ratio of ethylene produced to N fixed that is low(0.295),resulting in high estimates of N *** future N fixation studies in biologically crusted soils show that these ratios are closer to the theoretical 3:1 ratio,denitrification may constitute a more significant

关键词： Biological soil crust Colorado Plateau Cool desert Denitrification Nitrogen fixation Soil nitrogen cycling

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Lipopolysaccharide immune stimulation but not β-mannanase supplementation affects maintenance energy requirements in young weaned pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 901-916页

作者： nichole F.Huntley C.Martin Nyachoti John F.Patience Department of Animal Science Iowa State University Department of Animal Science University of Manitoba

Background: Pathogen or diet-induced immune activation can partition energy and nutrients away from growth,but clear relationships between immune responses and the direction and magnitude of energy partitioning responses have yet to be elucidated. The objectives were to determine how β-mannanase supplementation and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) immune stimulation affect maintenance energy requirements(MEm) and to characterize immune parameters, digestibility, growth performance, and energy ***: In a randomized complete block design, 30 young weaned pigs were assigned to either the control treatment(CON; basal corn, soybean meal and soybean hul s diet), the enzyme treatment(ENZ; basal diet + 0.056% β-mannanase),or the immune system stimulation treatment(ISS; basal diet + 0.056% β-mannanase, chal enged with repeated increasing doses of Escherichia coli LPS). The experiment consisted of a 10-d adaptation period, 5-d digestibility and nitrogen balance measurement, 22 h of heat production(HP) measurements, and 12 h of fasting HP measurements in indirect calorimetry chambers. The immune chal enge consisted of 4 injections of either LPS(ISS) or sterile saline(CON and ENZ), one every48 h beginning on d 10. Blood was collected pre-and post-challenge for complete blood counts with differential,haptoglobin and mannan binding lectin, 12 cytokines, and glucose and insulin ***: Beta-mannanase supplementation did not affect immune status, nutrient digestibility, growth performance,energy balance, or MEm. The ISS treatment induced fever, elevated proinflammatory cytokines and decreased leukocyte concentrations(P 0.10),but increased total HP(21%) and MEm(23%), resulting in decreased lipid deposition(-30%) and average daily gain(-18%)(P < 0.05).Conclusions: This experiment provides novel data on β-mannanase supplementation effects on immune parameters and energy balance i

关键词： Acute phase proteins β-Mannan Cytokines Digestibility Feed induced immune response Heat production Inflammation Lipopolysaccharide Nitrogen balance Swine

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Saccharification versus simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of kraft pulp

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2012年第1期5卷 48-55页

作者： nichole A.Bauer William R.Gibbons Biology-Microbiology Department South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD 57007USA

Enzymes are a significant cost in cellulosic ethanol production,minimizing their use would be desirable as long as ethanol yields and productivities are not *** aim was to evaluate the effects of enzyme dosage on conversion of cellulose to *** pulp,an intermediate in paper production,was used to represent a fractionated cellulose *** were conducted in a 5 L BioFlow bioreactor(2-3 L working volume)with agitation rate varied(80-900 r/m)to provide acceptable *** on survey of the literature,an average dosage for cellulase(34 FPU/g glucan)andβ-glucosidase(135 CBU/g glucan)was calculated,and these were set as the 100%*** of 1%,7%,13%,33%,67%,100%,133%were tested,using Novozyme Celluclast 1.5 L(cellulase)and Novozyme 188(β-glucosidase)in a 4.8%(dry mass)kraft pulp *** recommended dosages are at the low end of this spectrum,at 12 g/g glucan for Celluclast 1.5 L(35%dosage)and 1.2 g/g glucan for Novozyme 188(0.9%dosage).Saccharification trials(50oC)showed a typical dosage response,with the 133%dosage achieving the highest sugar concentration(~59 g/L glucose)and saccharification rate(2.45 g/L/h),with a specific rate of 2.2×10-4 g glucose/unit enzyme/*** the 13%enzyme dosage resulted in the highest specific saccharification rate(2.9×10-4 g glucose/unit enzyme/h).Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation(SSF)trials(35oC)were conducted using Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Candida molischiana to compare enzyme dosages of 33%,67%,100%,and 133%.Ethanol titers and productivities were similar for trials with 67%or more of the literature average enzyme dosage,however were lower at the 33%enzyme *** enzyme dosage can be substantially reduced from levels typically cited in the literature,but cannot be reduced to levels recommended by the manufacturer,without reduction in ethanol yield and productivity.

关键词： cellulosic ethanol fermentation saccharification renewable energy

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Update on the safety of anesthesia in young children presenting for adenotonsillectomy

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2021年第3期7卷 179-185页

作者： Stephanie R.McGuire nichole M.Doyle Department of Anesthesiology Children’s Mercy Hospital:Children’s Mercy Hospitals and ClinicsKansas CityMO64108USA

Tonsillectomy with and without adenoidectomy is a frequently performed surgical procedure in *** a common procedure,it is not without significant *** is critical for anesthesiologists to consider preoperative,intraoperative,and postoperative patient factors and events to optimize safety,especially in young *** the majority of cases,the indication for adenotonsillectomy in young children is obstructive *** evaluation for patient comorbidities,especially obstructive sleep apnea,risk factors for a difficult airway,and history of recent illness are crucial to prepare the patient for surgery and develop an anesthetic *** and collaboration with the otolaryngologist is key to prevent and treat intraoperative events such as airway fires or *** analgesia planning is critical for safe pain control especially for those patients with a history of obstructive sleep apnea and opioid *** young children,it is important to also consider the impact of anesthetic medications on the developing *** is an area of continuing research but needs to be weighed when planning for surgical treatment and when discussing risks and benefits with patients’families.

关键词： Anesthesia safety Anesthesia for adenotonsillectomy Anesthesia in young children

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Heat shock protein 90 inhibition by 17-DMAG lessens disease in the MRL/Ipr mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2012年第3期9卷 255-266页

作者： Samuel k Shimp III Cristen B Chafin Nicole L Regna Sarah E Hammond Molly A Read David L Caudell Marissa nichole Rylander Christopher M Reilly Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Science Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine Blacksburg VA USA Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine Blacksburg VA USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Polytechinc Institue and State University Blacksburg VA USA

Elevated expression of heat shock protein 90 （HSP90） has been found in kidneys and serum of systemic lupus erythematosus （SLE） patients and MRLIMp-FasIprIFasJpr（MRLIIpr） autoimmune mice. We investigated if inhibition of HSP90 would reduce disease in MRL/ Ipr mice. In vitro, pretreatment of mesangial cells with HSP90 inhibitor Geldanamycin prior to immune-stimulation showed reduced expression of IL-6, IL-12 and NO. In vivo, we found HSP90 expression was elevated in MRL/Ipr kidneys when compared to C57BL/6 mice and MRIJIpr mice treated with HSP90 inhibitor 17-DMAG. MRIJIpr mice treated with 17-DMAG showed decreased proteinuria and reduced serum anti-dsDNA antibody production. Glomerulonephritis and glomerular IgG and C3 were not significantly affected by administration of 17-DMAG in MRIJIpr. 17-DMAG increased CD8＋ T cells, reduced double-negative T cells, decreased the CD4/CD8 ratio and reduced follicular B cells. These studies suggest that HSP90 may play a role in regulating T-cell differentiation and activation and that HSP90 inhibition may reduce inflammation in lupus.

关键词： Geldanamycin heat shock protein 90 MRUIpr systemic lupus erythematosus 17-DMAG

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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate （EGCG） attenuates nflammation in MRL/Ipr mouse mesangial cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2010年第2期7卷 123-132页

作者： Abigail Peairs Rujuan Dai Lu Gan Samuel Shimp M nichole Rylander Liwu Li Christopher M Reilly Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine Blacksburg VA USA Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology Virginia Maryland Regional College of VeterinaryMedicine Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburg VA USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate （EGCG）, a bioactive component of green tea, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects on immune cells. EGCG is also shown to activate the metabolic regulator, adenosine 5＇-monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPk）. Reports have also indicated that EGCG inhibits the immune-stimulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3k）/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） pathway. The PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway has been implicated in mesangial cell activation in lupus. Mesangial cells from MRUIpr lupus-like mice are hyper-responsive to immune stimulation and overproduce nitric oxide （NO） and other inflammatory mediators when stimulated. In our current studies, we sought to determine the mechanism by which EGCG attenuates immune-induced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. Cultured mesangial cells from MRL/Ipr mice were pre-treated with various concentrations of EGCG and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide （LPS）/interferon （IFN）-γ. EGCG activated AMPk and blocked LPS/ IFN-γ-induced inflammatory mediator production （iNOS expression, supernatant NO and interleukin-6）. Interestingly, EGCG attenuated inflammation during AMPk inhibition indicating that the anti-inflammatory effect of EGCG may be partially independent of AMPk activation. Furthermore, we found that EGCG effectively inhibited the immune-stimulated PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway independently of AMPk, by decreasing phosphorylation of Akt, suggesting an alternate mechanism for EGCG-mediated anti-inflammatory action in mesangial cells. Taken together, these studies show that EGCG attenuated inflammation in MRL/Ipr mouse mesangial cells via the PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway. Our findings suggest a potential therapeutic role for the use of EGCG to regulate inflammation and control autoimmune disease.

关键词： AMPk inflammation lupus metabolism MRL/Ipr

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An Assessment of Water Quality Parameters at the Cerrillos Reservoir, Ponce, Puerto Rico in the Aftermath of Hurricane Maria

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2022年第1期14卷 35-49页

作者： Yashira Marie Sánchez-Colón Javier Alejandro Chévere-Del Río nichole Marie Sánchez-Guzmán Fred Charles Schaffner Public Health Program Ponce Health Sciences University Ponce Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Department of Health San Juan Puerto Rico School of Science and Technology Universidad Ana G Méndez Gurabo Campus Gurabo Puerto Rico

Maintaining the water quality of lakes and reservoirs is part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, an initiative promoted by the United Nations, including anthropogenic and natural factors that may influence water quality. The water reservoirs of Puerto Rico were built in watersheds to provide runoff control and for primary uses. The Cerrillos Reservoir is one of the largest water reservoirs in southern Puerto Rico, and is used as a source of potable water and for recreational activities. After hurricane Maria, in September 2017, many communities were without public water service and have obtained their drinking water from local rivers or their tributaries, without filtration or purification treatment. This research explored the physical-chemical parameters of Cerrillos Reservoir’s surface water from May 2018 to January 2019. The objective of the present study is to assess seasonal variations in surface water quality with respect to physical (temperature, turbidity, and conductivity), chemical (nutrient concentrations: (Phosphorus (P) (Soluble Reactive Phosphorus, phosphate, or orthophosphate) and Nitrogen (N) (nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia)), pH, and dissolved oxygen), and biological (total coliforms and Escherichia coli) parameters. Results suggest that Cerrillos Reservoir did not exceed the parameters of temperature, turbidity, conductivity, pH and DO, established by the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources (PRDNER). The reservoir showed a stable trophic state in relation to inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen as N and P concentrations did not increase sufficiently to disrupt this ecosystem. However, total coliforms exceeded the maximum parameter (23 MPN/100mL - 994 MPN/100mL) established for the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources and are likely to be the results of the disruption caused by hurricane Maria.

关键词： Cerrillos Reservoir Water Quality Puerto Rico Post Hurricane Maria

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